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DU Peilin, WU Zhilong, HUANG Daogang, LIU Guobao
2025(8):1-7
Abstract:
To ensure the stability of the bank slopes of the Pinglu Canal under the influence of long-term immersion and heavy rainfall and other multiple factors,the changes in the stability safety factor of typical slopes on both sides of the canal under the influence of different channel water level and underground water level are analyzed.The results show that as the water level in the canal rises,the stability safety factor of the slope gradually increases,and for slopes with poor geological conditions,the influence of the water level change in the canal is more obvious.When the water level in the canal rises from the normal storage level to the design flood level,with a rise of 7.17 m,the safety factor increases by up to 0.19.As the groundwater level in the slope body rises,the stability safety factor of the slope gradually decreases,approximately in a linear manner.For every 2 m increase in the groundwater level,the safety factor decreases by about 0.03.It is proposed that in channel engineering,for slopes with poor rock properties and small safety factors,engineering measures such as setting up drainage pipes deep into the slope body,setting up water interception ditches and rapid channels on the slope surface should be adopted to enhance the drainage capacity of the slope and reduce the probability of slope instability during heavy rainfall.
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DONG Xia, LYU Xiaolong, WANG Hua
2025(8):8-17
Abstract:
The Pinglu Canal is a cross water system connection project,and the water guarantee rate for navigation in the dry season basin is insufficient.The ship lock needs to adopt water-saving technology.Taking into account factors such as water delivery efficiency,water-saving rate,and ship lock capacity,a comprehensive technical and economic comparison is made for the selection of water saving methods and the layout of water-saving pools.It is recommended to adopt a water saving pool scheme with overlapping first and third level water saving pools and dispersed second level water saving pools,with a water saving rate of 60%.The main function of the Madao Hub is shipping,while also taking into account the emergency flood control of the Yujiang River.The dam site is located in a low mountain and hilly terrain,and a double-lane 34 m × 300 m ship lock will be built at once.The ship lock adopts a multi-level water-saving pool scheme.The layout plan is influenced by many factors.By combining the scale of the sluice gate,the layout of the water conveyance system,and the layout of the water-saving pool,the axial spacing between the ship lock and the sluice gate can be optimized to save land resources and engineering investment.Through model experiments,it has been verified that under the conditions of adopting a 4.5 minutes staggered operation of the double line ship lock and optimizing the layout of the upstream and downstream navigation guide walls,the navigation flow conditions in the navigation channel meet the regulatory requirements.
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SUN Zhongbin, SUN Xinpeng, LI Jinxuan
2025(8):18-27
Abstract:
The open type breakwater with double baffles has good wave attenuation effect,and has the characteristics of water permeability and environmental protection,which can meet the requirements of the functions of structures due to the marine environmental protection.A study on wave loads acting on a opentype breakwater with double baffles under wave action is conducted to address the current shortcomings in hydrodynamic characteristic research of such structures.A numerical flume is built on the basis of the Fluent model,and the interaction between waves and the breakwater with double baffles is simulated.Then the influence of relative water depth,depth of baffle into water,width on wave load under different wave surface condition between two baffles is analyzed under different water surface conditions between baffles.The results show that when there is no free water surface between the two baffles,the structural load is less affected by the relative water depth and width of breakwater,and increases with the increase of depth into water.For the free wave surface condition,the water movement between the baffles significantly affects the wave load of the structure,the maximum load of the structure will increase significantly,and the relationship between the structural load and the influencing factors will also change.The condition of the free water surface between the two baffles is a common operational state for breakwaters,and it should be given full consideration during the structural design process.
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ZHAO Tianlong, ZENG Yongzhi, DAN Peng, HU Xiong
2025(8):28-37
Abstract:
The collapse of a landslide dam can pose a significant threat to downstream areas,and it is necessary to thoroughly study the overtopping and collapse processes.The Baige landslide dam on the Jinsha River in 2018 is taken as a reference for experimental gradation.Improvements are made to address the limitations of the landslide lake's small shape factors and fine maximum particle sizes of in current laboratory tests.The independent variables selected are different upstream inflow rates,initial shapes of the spillway,and maximum reservoir water volume.A model test method is employed to analyze the collapse process,peak flow,and dam erosion rate.The results show that the upstream inflow rate is positively correlated with the timing of peak flow,with higher inflow leading to earlier peak flow.The triangular spillway,due to its greatest erosion intensity,results in the highest peak flow and earliest occurrence time within the group,while the trapezoidal spillway has the lowest peak flow and latest occurrence time,with the rectangular spillway falling in between.Coarse particles help delay the longitudinal failure of the dam under small shape factors,but this delaying effect rapidly diminishes as the shape factor increases.A larger shape factor of the landslide lake not only increases the dam erosion rate and causes significant sediment accumulation in downstream channels,but also leads to earlier peak flow occurrence and a sharp increase in peak flow.
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JI Houde, LAN Yinyu, ZHOU Zengrong
2025(8):38-46
Abstract:
Typhoon-induced waves inflict severe damages and economic losses upon coastal regions on an annual basis.The refined simulation of the distribution characteristics of waves within ports and the wave attenuation effect of breakwaters holds substantial significance for the research on marine disaster prevention and mitigation.To precisely simulate the impact of typhoons on waves in ports and the wave attenuation function of breakwaters,the sea area of Dongpu Fishing Port in Shishi City,Fujian Province is designated as the research domain.With the super typhoon “Nepartak”(No.1601)as an illustrative case,the Holland model is used to calculate the typhoon wind field.Based on the unstructured triangular grid,the SWAN model and the ADCIRC model are integrated through the nesting approach of large and small areas to dissect the distribution traits of waves both inside and outside the fishing port during the typhoon episode.The results showed that the constructed computational model is favorably validated by the measured data.The average error between the empirical wind field model and the measured data is restricted within 8%,and the average error between the significant wave height and the measured wave height is confined within 15%.During the transit of the typhoon,conspicuous disparities in waves are observable inside and outside the fishing port.Owing to the shielding effect of the breakwater,the inner harbor basin of the fishing port possessed a certain wind sheltering capacity.The average wave height reduction ratio of the breakwater attained 90%,manifesting an evident attenuation effect of the breakwater on typhoon waves.
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YANG Yushu, LIU Dezhen, ZHANG Wanwei, ZHOU Yifan, LI Guoku, YAN Shichang
2025(8):47-56
Abstract:
Addressing the issues of poor visibility and high elevation at the forefront of the wave wall on the top of the embankment,an experimental study on the wave forces acting on the embankment wave wall under irregular waves is conducted through physical modeling tests.The horizontal wave forces and uplift forces on the wave wall are systematically measured under different wave parameters,water depths,and wave wall positions,and compared with the calculated values obtained from established formulas.The experimental results indicate that,under the test conditions,the relative pressure exerted by irregular waves on the wave-facing side of the wave wall initially increases and then decreases as the relative height of the wave wall increases,peaking at a relative height of approximately 0.5,with no discernible pattern in the distribution of relative pressure at the bottom.Due to the wave dissipation effect of the revetment project,the measured values of total horizontal wave force and uplift force are lower than the theoretical values.The total horizontal wave force and uplift force generally increase with the increase in wave period,wave height,and water depth in front of the wall.When the relative position of the wave wall is moved backward by 0.1,the total horizontal wave force decreases by about 14%,and the uplift force decreases by about 5%.The force distribution patterns of the wave wall are summarized,providing a reference for practical engineering design.
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HU Junlong, LI Jinxiang, XIE Yao, LIU Zhijun
2025(8):57-66
Abstract:
Pneumatic flow mixing method can be widely applied to the ex-situ solidification and resource utilization of large-scale dredged mud.However,there has been a lack of quantitative research on the impact of key process and structural parameters on mixing uniformity,leading to a reliance on engineering experience for structural design and construction.Utilizing multiphase flow numerical simulation methods,this study investigates the spatial distribution characteristics of curing agent and the variation laws of mixing uniformity under the influence of mud,curing agent,and air inlet velocity,as well as the expanded pipe diameter for both conventional and improved structures.The results indicate that under conditions that the expended pipe diameter is 200 mm and the mud inlet velocity is equal to or larger than 4 m/s,the uniformity coefficient at the outlet of the improved structure can be reduced by 50%-58% compared to the conventional structure.For the improved structure,every 1 m/s increase in the inlet velocity of mud,curing agent,and air results in an average reduction in the uniformity coefficient at the outlet of 0.26,0.70,and 0.26,respectively.Additionally,mixing uniformity improves with the increase of the extended pipe diameter and when the diameter is increased from 200 mm to 500 mm,the uniformity coefficient at the outlet can be reduced by approximately 40%.
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LIN Hongxing, LEI Ming, CHEN Diyu, HE Cong, HUANG Sheng
2025(8):67-77
Abstract:
The pile cap joint of the high-pile wharf is an important component to transfer the upper load of the wharf.For the single pile cap joint and fork pile cap joint of the high-pile wharf,the structural deformation,stress distribution,load displacement curve,and corner bending curve are compared by finite element analysis method under different embedment depth of the pile end.The numerical results show that when the cap joint of a single pile is subjected to horizontal load,the rotational stiffness of the structure in the early stage of loading is mainly provided by anchorage steel bar of the pile core,and in the later stage,it is mainly provided by the pile core concrete and steel pipe.When the embedded depth of the pile end is less than 0.50 times the pile diameter,the joint is a semi-rigid connection.When the cross pile cap joint is subjected to horizontal load,the yield of the anchorage steel bars at the tensile side of the pile is the main reason for the decrease in structural bearing capacity.It is recommended to be strengthen in the design.When the fork pile cap joint is subjected to the standard mooring force of 30,000 t general cargo ship,the influence of pile end embedment depth on the stress and displacement of the joint is less than 14%,providing scientific reference for the design of pile cap joint of high-pile wharf.
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GE Bin, FU Boxin, YANG Xin, ZHOU Jian, SHI Ling
2025(8):78-86
Abstract:
Long-period infragravity wave can significantly increase the movement of moored ships in ports,affecting loading and unloading efficiency,and even causing cable breaks and damage to both ships and terminals.Taking the Chancay project in Peru as an example,combined with engineering cases worldwide that are affected by long wave,study on optimization of the layout plan of the port area is carried out.Dynamic mooring analysis models are used to compare and validate different layout schemes,leading to gradual optimization.The results show that the causes of long wave are complex,and the key factors affecting mooring stability include curved coastal topography,entrance dimensions,and wave energy concentration in narrow and cornered waters.Optimization strategies include adopting fully enclosed impermeable structures,controlling entrance dimensions,minimizing narrow water areas,and avoiding zones with concentrated wave energy.The research results can provide a reference for the planning and design of port areas under the influence of long wave.
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LI Binbin, QIU Yangjie, ZHANG Lin
2025(8):87-93
Abstract:
To the actuality of land resource shortage caused by the mountainous terrain in the Wenxi operation area of Lishui Port,this article studies the relationship between the port road transportation and the rear expressway,the method of connecting the port road to the 330 National Highway,and how all relevant parties along the port road can access it.A construction idea is proposed to extend the depth of the land area through the realignment of provincial roads.After the realignment,a combination of blasting excavation and mechanical excavation is used for deep excavation of road cuttings to reduce the impact of port clearance roads on highways.Interconnections are established within tunnels to connect with national highways,and road elevation design is based on the access elevations of all parties along the route.By taking several measures under the influence of complex surrounding environments,road realignment can meet the requirements of convenient transportation,safe passage,and usage.Relevant engineering experience can be used as a reference and inspiration for similar projects.
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SUN Tiejun, GU Wenqiang, ZHU Xuyang, WANG Feng
2025(8):94-98
Abstract:
Regarding the design of anchorage depth under the influence of long-period waves,a study was conducted on the vertical motion of ships under wave action and the probability of bottoming out.The design conditions are determined through a detailed analysis of hydrological conditions,taking into account both wind-induced wave and long-period surges during monsoon periods.The probability design of anchorage depth is carried out using the UNDERKEEL software,and the model calculations are based on standard linear wave theory and potential flow theory.The model calculation includes the motion of the ship in 6 different directions and considers the wave forces in each direction.Under the specified acceptable probability of bottoming out,the safe anchorage depth of 200,000-ton class container ships under different wave heights and periods is calculated.Based on the calculation results,it is concluded that long-period wave with an average period of more than 13.0 s have an increasingly significant impact on the vertical motion of the anchored 200,000-ton class container ships.The analysis results of the impact of long-period wave with an average period of 16.0 s on the vertical motion of the 200,000-ton class container ships,which are not provided in relevant specifications,are also supplemented.The relevant research methods can be used as a reference for other projects.
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GAO Pan, XIAO Yuhua, CUI Jianzhang, PENG Wei
2025(8):99-107
Abstract:
In flood season,between Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam,the“four beaches,one bend and one pass”of which flow is large,fast and disorderly,and the navigable flow condition is poor.On the basis of the plan of “reef blasting+slag cleaning+ dumping and filling in deep bay”of Liantuo section waterway regulation project,it is verified that whether the project has reached the expected regulation target through prototype hydrological observation before and after and actual ship seaworthiness test after regulation.The effect of engineering regulation is analyzed by observing the changes of surface gradient,water depth and surface velocity in the test reach,and then 3,000-ton and 5,000-ton class fully loaded ships are selected as test ships to carry out real ship seaworthiness tests.The test ships sail on and off the designed route,and the test ships' sailing track,shore speed,drift angle and other sailing indicators and sailing state are measured in real time.At the same time,the results of the prototype hydrology observation and the ship trial in Liantuo section are compared and analyzed combined with the measured data before and after the renovation project,and the seaworthiness performance is analyzed.The results show that the navigable flow conditions and ship navigation conditions of the river reach have been significantly improved after the implementation of the project,and the expected regulation target of the project have been achieved.
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2025(8):108-117
Abstract:
To analyze the similarities and differences in the water and sediment transport characteristics of the South Passage and the North Passage in the Yangtze River Estuary,we conduct a preliminary study based on synchronous hydrological observation data from the two passages during the 2019 flood season.The results show that the flow velocity in the South Passage exhibits higher upstream and lower downstream,whereas maximum flow velocities in the North Passage predominantly occur in its mid-lower reaches.Salinity in the mid-section of the South Passage demonstrate higher values compared to its counterpart in the North Passage,while salinity values in the South Passage from its lower reaches to the entrance are lower than the North Passage.Vertical-averaged suspended sediment concentrations(SSC)show comparable magnitudes between the two passages.Notably,the South Passage presents smaller vertical SSC gradients,with 2 kg/m3 SSC can be transported up to 0.2H(H is water depth).In contrast,high SSC in the North Passage predominantly concentrates in mid-bottom layers.The South Passage is wide and shallow,with a stratification coefficient ranging from 0.01 to 1,indicating a partially mixed state of the water body.In contrast,the North Passage is narrow and deep,and the salinity stratification coefficient is higher than the South Passage.The stratification coefficient in the middle-section of the North Passage is greater than 1,showing a high degree of stratification.Back siltation in the South Passage channel is influenced by both suspended sediment deposition and bedload transport.Under the influence of engineering activities,back siltation caused by suspended sediments in the North Passage channel is particularly prominent.
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FANG Yang, SHANG Qianqian, XU Hui, LI Wenqing
2025(8):118-126
Abstract:
To the problems of crossflow and backflow exceeding the standards in the entrance area of approach channel for mountainous sharp bends,especially in sharp bend sections of mountainous area,this study uses physical model experiments to investigate the influence of diversion piers layout on navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of the ship lock approach channel.Taking the Meitan ship lock in Xin'an River as the research object,this paper comprehensively considers multiple parameters such as pier type,layout angle,pier dimensions,pier spacing and piers quantity，and focuses on analyzing the water flow state under different pier spacing and pier quantity conditions.By comparing hydraulic indicators such as longitudinal flow velocity,transverse flow velocity,and backflow velocity in the entrance area,the layout of diversion piers is optimized.The results show that the diversion pier geometry can be designed as a parallelogram,and the layout angle should be arranged parallel to the navigation channel.Additionally,the central axis of the inter-pier spacing should be arranged at an acute angle with the water flow direction.For sharp bend sections,the relative spacing between the diversion piers is set to 0.50 times the pier length,and the number of diversion piers is not less than 5.The protection range should extend to the middle section of the entrance area,which can effectively improve the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of the approach channel for the Meitan ship lock.
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LI Yuanyuan, MA Qian, LI Zhongyong, ZHOU Pengyu
2025(8):127-137
Abstract:
The flow dynamics at river confluences exhibit complex three-dimensional characteristics,which are further influenced by the daily flow regulation of upstream hydropower stations.These factors result in flow conditions at confluences that are more intricate than those in typical river reaches,with notable impacts on navigation at river mouths.This study addresses navigation flow conditions at river confluences affected by daily hydropower regulation,utilizing numerical simulations to systematically analyze the hydrodynamic variations at open-channel confluences under unsteady flow conditions.Using navigation-related hydraulic indices,the study examines the effects of unsteady flow periods,flow fluctuation amplitudes,confluence angles between main and tributary streams,and tributary discharge on key hydrodynamic parameters,including longitudinal water surface profiles,water level fluctuations,water surface gradients,flow velocities,and flow field distributions at the confluence.Findings indicate that the water level difference between upstream and downstream decreases as unsteady flow periods increase but rises with higher tributary discharge.Water level fluctuations decrease with increasing confluence angles and increase with larger flow fluctuation amplitudes,while the water surface gradient at the confluence increases with greater flow fluctuation amplitudes,larger confluence angles,and higher tributary discharge.Furthermore,the area of crescent-shaped high-velocity flow zones responds differently to various influencing factors during rising and falling water stages.This study clarifies the hydrodynamic processes at river confluences affected by unsteady flow conditions and daily hydropower regulation,providing a scientific foundation for understanding unsteady flow propagation in confluence zones and its implications for navigation.
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2025(8):138-145
Abstract:
The construction of new shipping hub or the overhaul of single-line ship lock on navigable waterway often requires the suspension of navigation for construction.Setting of navigation hole in the sluice that matches the ship lock can be used as a traffic maintenance plan during the construction or overhaul of the ship lock.Taking the Paihekou regulating sluice project as an example,we propose a plan of opening the middle hole of the regulating sluice as a temporary navigation hole with a clear width of 13.3 m to meet the continuation of the existing shipping during the construction of Paihekou ship lock.In order to study the feasibility of navigation by the temporary navigation hole,we analyze and calculate the ship impact force by numerical simulation,check the anti-collision performance of the sluice,and propose the ship size and ship lock control conditions that can be navigated through the temporary navigation hole by means of full-scale ship trial and ship maneuvering simulation test.The results show that under conditions of low wind speed and flow velocity,the temporary navigation hole of the regulating sluice allows ships with a width of less than 13 m to pass through the ship lock slowly and carefully during the day.Navigation is prohibited when the wind force is above level 4 and the flow velocity is faster than 0.5 m/s.
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WANG Yanping, LIAO Jianghua, XU Keqin, ZHANG Peng, YANG Shengfa
2025(8):146-153
Abstract:
In order to clarify the changes in the intrusion distance and movement speed of saltwater as the flow velocity and salt concentration change,we carry out a study on the saltwater intrusion characteristics in the riverbed of Qingnian reservoir area,and analyze the influence of river inflow conditions and salinity changes on the saltwater intrusion process.We conduct experimental research by simulating the process of saltwater intrusion along the riverbed in Qingnian reservoir area in a small generalized flume.The results show that under the restriction of upstream flow,the intrusion distance of saltwater remains stable under the action of runoff,and the intrusion process is significantly affected by the tributary diversion.Due to the impact of the upstream flow on saltwater at the branch point,most of the saltwater is dispersed and flows out of the branch point,while a small amount of saltwater remains stable and continues to intrusion along the left bank.As the water depth increases,the sensitivity of the intrusion distance to the concentration change decreases.Under the same water depth condition,the increase in salt concentration will accelerate the intrusion velocity,and the shorter the intrusion time required;under the same concentration condition,the increase in water depth can significantly improve the intrusion velocity of saltwater.
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WANG Jingyi, HE Yang, SHU Zimo
2025(8):154-160
Abstract:
By collecting and organizing the water level data from 34 water gauges during the dry seasons in Yichang-Chenglingji section of the Yangtze River,Pearson correlation analysis and autocorrelation analysis are used to study the spatial-temporal correlation among the gauges,revealing the characteristics of water level spatial-temporal changes during the dry seasons over the past decade.The research findings are as follows:1)The water levels at most gauges in this section have shown a stable trend,with the maximum and minimum dry water level differences at Tiepu,Fanzui,and Chenglingji being more than 3.2 meters.2)The correlation coefficient between upstream and downstream gauges is at least 0.936,indicating a strong hydrological connectivity between adjacent gauge locations.3)Historical water levels in a 20-time sliding window,i.e.,within the past 7 days,have a significant impact on the current water level.The research outcomes can provide reference for understanding the dynamic changes in the hydrological environment of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,and are of great significance for water resources management and flood control and disaster reduction.
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HU Yong, LUO Jingsi, TONG Chaofeng
2025(8):161-167
Abstract:
The section of Xijiang from Jieshou to Zhaoqing is located in the Guangdong section of the Xijiang Shipping Main Line.The river shape is winding and varied,with locally dense shoals and reefs.Since the 1990s,after several regulations,it has been able to accommodate ships of 2,000-ton class.The 3,000-ton class waterway expansion and upgrading project was implemented in 2016,taking engineering measures such as dredging,removing the reef,and encrypting spur dike of the “Sitan” section(Jieshou,Panlong,Xintan,and Dule shoals)that obstruct navigation.Analysis of measured data and mathematical models shows that the engineering measures have unblocked the main channel,realizing navigation depth greater than 4.5m for the entire waterway.The water level of the “Sitan” section has decreased by an overall 0.20-0.49 m under different characteristic flow rates,with an average water surface gradient of only 0.013‰-0.053‰.The change in water flow velocity is between -0.23 and 0.34 m/s,and the angle between the water flow direction and the main axis of the channel in most sections is less than 10°.The navigation conditions of the channel have been significantly improved,and the management goal of 3,000-ton class channel has been basically achieved.The research results can provide references for further capacity expansion and upgrading of the river section or for channel regulation under similar characteristic conditions.
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2025(8):168-175
Abstract:
Heshangtan is a typical navigation-obstructing reef section in the river section from Fuling to Fengdu.On both sides of this section,reefs are distributed,the shoreline is extremely irregular,the water flow is rapid,the gradient is large,and the flow pattern is chaotic.Marine accidents occur frequently,which has become a bottleneck restricting the overall navigation efficiency and safety of the 4.5 m deepwater channel in the reservoir area.By analyzing the hydrological characteristics and navigation-obstructing features of the Heshangtan section,a regulation scheme for clearing the reefs at Heshangtan and Guojiazui is proposed,and a two-dimensional plane flow mathematical model is used to simulate and evaluate the effect after the implementation of the scheme.The results show that the reef clearance engineering effectively widened the river channel,improved the flow pattern in the navigation channel,significantly reduced the intensity of cross-flow and backflow,and improved the safety and efficiency of navigation.After the reef clearance,the width of the upstream navigation route in the Heshangtan section is widened from 35 to 75 m,and the self-propelled upstream flow rate is increased from 180 million to 304 million m3/s,and the navigation conditions in the section are significantly improved.The research results can provide reference for the channel regulation of similar complex river sections.
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CHEN Yafei, WU Shuang, LIU Changbo, ZHU Yujun
2025(8):176-184
Abstract:
The Guichi waterway in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is a three-branch river section.After the implementation of the Anqing Phase II project,the goal of maintaining a water depth of 6 meters was achieved.However,there are still problems such as insufficient restrictions in the north port,weak hydrodynamics in the middle and north ports,and insufficient water depth of 8 meters at the entrance and exit of the main channel between the two ports.Therefore,a combined approach of theoretical analysis and physical model experiments is adopted,based on the concept of restricting the development of the northern port,increasing the diversion ratio of the middle port,and regulating the flow velocity in the shallow area,the engineering effects of different schemes were compared and analyzed through model experiments,and a preliminary regulation scheme is proposed.After the implementation of the project,the goal of stabilizing the waterway of the middle port,increasing the hydrodynamic and shallow scouring effects of the main waterway can be achieved.After the implementation of the combination plan,the maximum increase in the diversion ratio under the regulation flow is about 3%,and the maximum increase in shallow flow velocity at the inlet of the middle port is about 0.20 m/s.
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2025(8):185-194
Abstract:
In view of the problem of real-time assessment of structural safety caused by over-grade berthing at the wharf(the current static detection technology has problems such as response lag and insufficient displacement resolution),a real-time deformation measurement method of hydraulic structure during the ship berthing process on the basis of video-image is proposed,aiming to solve the problem of real-time matching between the dynamic characteristics of the ship and the dynamic response of the structure.The ship berthing speed is calculated by YOLOv5 object detection and DeepSORT object tracking.The berthing angle is calculated by combining the Canny edge detection and contour detection algorithm with the minimum circumscribed rectangle method.The deformation amount is obtained and the reaction force is calculated by the video image monitoring method.The results show that the average error of berthing speed calculated values is ±0.165 kn.The error of berthing angel calculated values is ±0.3°.The relative error between the counter-force calculated values and the counter-force measured values is 7.67%.All the calculated values meet the requirements of practical applications.The ship berthing safety assessment technology based on video image analysis proposed in this paper shows high efficiency and accuracy in both detection and assessment,and can provide comprehensive,real-time and accurate monitoring and assessment for wharf berthing safety.
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LIANG Kai, WANG Zihe, HAN Yue, DA Xiannan, LI Mingwei
2025(8):195-201
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of online monitoring of the obstruction flow state on the Shipai curved section,the application of image target detection is studied.The existing target detection algorithms are rarely used in the field of flow state recognition.Therefore,the flow state feature data are collected in the target section,and the surface obstruction flow state dataset SOFSD is self-made.To ensure the detection speed and accuracy,based on the YOLOv5s framework,combined with the CA(coordinate attention)and the BiFPN（bidrectional feature pyramid network）the YOLOv5s-CA-BiFPN model is constructed,and a new intelligent recognition method for the obstruction flow state on the channel surface is proposed based on the model.The experimental results show that the YOLOv5s-CA-BiFPN model improves the accuracy and recall rate by 2.3% and 0.8% respectively compared with YOLOv5s,and the mAP@0.5 is increased by 1.3% and mAP@0.5:0.95 is decreased by 2.2%.It is superior to YOLOv5s in both detection effect and generalization performance,effectively reducing missed detection and false detection,and improving the small target detection ability.Finally,an intelligent recognition system for obstructive flow on the waterway surface is constructed based on this method,which can provide reference for the construction of smart waterways.
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GAO Yuan, GAO Xin, SU Dongsheng, WANG Shuai, SHANG Jianping
2025(8):202-208
Abstract:
In view of the current problems of low efficiency,incomplete design tool chain,and poor systematicness in the design of inland waterway engineering,research on the development and application of design modules for inland waterways is carried out based on BIM technology.Secondary development is carried out using OpenRoads Designer,and through the preset template generation rules,the function of parametrically establishing waterway and revetment section templates has been realized.The revetment structure types cover the commonly used gravity,slope,and pile foundation structures in inland waterways.By establishing a comparison table of waterway mileage sections and section templates,the one-click generation function of waterway models is realized.By slicing the three-dimensional BIM model,the statistical function of the dredging and embankment backfilling quantities by the section method has been achieved.Combined with the method of custom annotations,the function of batch automatic drawing the cross-sectional diagram of waterway dredging has been realized.Using WFP interface technology,a modular and process-oriented digital design system for inland waterways has been formed.The system has been applied based on specific projects,the conclusion shows that using this system can save 30%-50% of manpower in the design stage.
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YUE Changxi, PAN Wei, CAO Yonghua, YU Changyi, CHEN Ju
2025(8):209-215
Abstract:
In the calculation of creep in soft clay using element models,model parameters exhibit significant variability under different consolidation pressures and show high sensitivity to soil physical indices and stress states.This necessitates extensive parameter calibration and multiple iterative adjustments,making direct application in engineering with difficulty.To address these issues,we focus on a sea reclamation project to investigate the creep characteristics of soft clay at varying depths through one-dimensional consolidation creep tests.Then we employ the generalized Kelvin model to fit the creep test curves,and carry out a normalization analysis to propose empirical formulas for five parameters within the model.The results show that the normalized Kelvin model features simplicity in parameters and strong applicability.The parameters can be fitted using indices such as consolidation load,gravity density,void ratio,liquid limit void ratio,and depth.Compared with the Burgers model and the Singh-Mitchell model,the Kelvin model better fits the experimental data,with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.98.Compared with actual engineering monitoring results,this model can effectively reflect and predict the creep behavior of deep soft foundations.
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DUAN Chiming, LING Wei, LI Pengpeng, WANG Neng, ZHOU Qiankai
2025(8):216-225
Abstract:
In view of the problems of steep slope excavation,large different geological conditions and strict slope deformation control,the support and stability of high and steep slope of adjacent highway are studied.By using dynamic design method,the geological conditions such as rock formation and joint combination revealed in slope excavation are judged in real time.Combined with the safety monitoring data of slope,the support methods under different failure modes are proposed.The results show that the dynamic design of high and steep rock slope has pertinence and applicability in the case of high importance,wide range and large differences in geological and environmental conditions.It can maximize the comprehensive benefits of engineering safety,project investment and construction schedule.The relevant experience and methods can provide reference for similar projects.
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RONG Jianguo, CHEN Tianshan, WANG Tao, XUE Yanchen
2025(8):226-234
Abstract:
To the phenomenon of clogging and clumping easily caused by excavating clay,this study takes the excavation of clay with a rake head as the research object.Combined with the problems encountered by trailing suction hopper dredgers in the construction process of actual engineering,such as clogging rake,trapped rake,and sliding rake,the original rake head model of a large trailing suction hopper dredger is analyzed through numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics under different working conditions,and the internal flow of the rake head and suction pipeline is analyzed,providing reference for the design of nozzle angles and nozzle arrangements in high-pressure flushing of the rake head.The results indicate that when the nozzle angle is 10°,the impact angle of high-pressure flushing can effectively wash away the sticky areas of clay,which is beneficial for the transportation of clay.When the nozzles are distributed in a forked pattern and the nozzle spacing is 115 mm,the pressure core has a significant impact on the target surface,and the interference of high-pressure water jets and backflow on the target surface is also relatively small.
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2025(8):235-241
Abstract:
In view of the basically synchronous implementation of the newly excavated channel and the shield tunnel,the key excavation area of the channel above the shield tunnel is studied,and the key control distance along the transverse area of the shield tunnel is given according to the ultimate equilibrium theory of the Tershaki foundation soil,the distance between the top of the shield tunnel and the bottom of the channel foundation pit,the diameter of the shield tunnel and the internal friction angle of the soil.Due to the rheological characteristics of soft clay,the excavation process above the shield tunnel is numerically simulated on the basis of soft-soil creep(SSC)model and Plaxis finite element software,and the characteristics of soil deformation at the bottom of the foundation pit and the top of the shield tunnel are analyzed.The stress release time required for the soil deformation stability is analyzed for typical projects.The results show that after soil is excavated,the uplift deformation of the soil at the bottom of the foundation pit and the top of the shield tunnel continue to increase with the extension of time until the deformation rate becomes stable.The soil stress is gradually released in 45 d after the typical engineering excavation is completed.The results can provide security for the shield tunnel to be crossed in the future.
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2025(8):242-249
Abstract:
The mix design of C40 fine sand bored pile self-compacting concrete(SCC)is carried out,and natural pit sand with a fineness modulus between 1.6 and 1.7 is used as fine aggregate.The water-binder ratio,sand ratio,external retard and collapse preventer and fly ash replacement percentage are selected as influencing factors.Orthogonal experiment is designed for 3 horizontal factors to study the workability,cube compressive strength and setting time of self-compacting concrete.The workability of self-compacting concrete is qualitatively analyzed,and the variation law of the factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete is obtained by using range and variance analysis methods.The results reveal that the sand ratio,optimal sand ratio range and water-binder ratio range of the fine sand SCC is smaller than ordinary SCC.The replacement percentage of fly ash has a great influence on the workability and compressive strength of the fine sand SCC.Increasing the content of retard and collapse preventer can extend the setting time and increase the segregation rate.The fine sand SCC prepared with water-binder ratio of 0.33,sand ratio of 39%,external retard and collapse preventer of 7.5%,fly ash replacement percentage of 23% has the good workability,and 28 d strength of the concrete reaches 54.2 MPa.
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2025(8):250-254
Abstract:
There are many specifications of cutter suction dredger,which are widely used,and it is of great economic value to study the factors to control its construction cost and adopt targeted measures.To optimize and minimize construction costs of cutter suction dredgers,according to the current dredging quota,the construction cost composition of cutter suction dredger is analyzed,the factors that have a greater impact on the cost are found,practical and effective cost control methods are proposed,the influence of dredger size,operational conditions,and soil characteristics on costs is analyzed in combination with production efficiency,and the optimal suggestions aregiven.The results show that fuel cost,maintenance cost and depreciation cost are the main factors affecting the construction cost of cutter suction dredger,and the construction cost of cutter suction dredger can be controlled by optimizing the construction organization plan,technological innovation,fine management,and improving the localization and intelligence of ship equipment.Taking into account the unit price composition and efficiency of the vessel,the larger ship type should be selected as much as possible during the construction process.
2025 Issue 8
The New Western Land-sea Corridor:Pinglu Canal Project Construction Column
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Information Technology
Ground and Foundation
Construction
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
