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2026(5):1-9
Abstract:
Based on summarizing the development achievements and problems of the 14th Five-Year Plan,the ideas and countermeasures for promoting high-quality development of the Yangtze Estuary waterway during the 15th Five-Year Plan period are prospected.The results show that the Yangtze Estuary waterway urgently needs to systematically enhance its overall throughput capacity and safety resilience level during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,which is a crucial stage for China to accelerate the construction of a strong transportation country and improve the modern inland waterway transportation system.In this regard,the high-quality development ideas and countermeasures for the waterway are proposed during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,mainly including:1)Focus on enhancing resilience and accelerate the construction of a modern waterway facility system.2)Highlight the improvement of quality and efficiency,and enhance the system of waterway maintenance and protection.3)Emphasize the empowerment of new quality productivity,and deepen the innovation and application system of waterway technology.4)Increase support and guarantee,and improve the system of waterway supporting facilities and equipment.5)Adhere to bottom-line thinking,and build a solid system of navigation safe and green development.At the same time,it is also recommended to take active actions in seizing the favorable opportunities for estuarine protection and regulation,increasing financial and ecological support,and strengthening collaborative management and integrated development among all parties within the jurisdictional water area.It can comprehensively enhance the navigation management system and modernization level of the Yangtze Estuary waterway,which will provide useful ideas and references for China to explore the construction practice of world-class estuarine navigation channel.
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GUO Ge, SONG Chengguo, LU Jiteng
2026(5):10-15
Abstract:
With the vigorous development of science and technology,the level of waterway maintenance and management in our country has been significantly enhanced.Under the new pattern of the comprehensive advancement of the “four verticals,four horizontals and two networks”,in response to the uneven development of waterway management and maintenance technology in our country,the current status of waterway management and maintenance technology development in each region during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is systematically sorted out,and the development situation and core demands of waterway management and maintenance technology during the 15th Five-Year Plan period are studied.By combining case analysis and data induction,it is shown that different innovative management and maintenance technologies have been explored and practiced in various river basins and regions across the country,but a system and standard have not yet been formed,and the overall level still needs to be improved.Facing the 15th Five-Year Plan period,the integration of intelligence and digitalization should be taken as the main line,green and low-carbon transformation as the orientation,and the improvement of the standardization system as the support.The full life cycle management model should be comprehensively popularized,and scientific and technological innovation and application research in key areas such as safety risk prevention and control,intelligent prevention and early warning,and efficient emergency response should be deepened,so as to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of waterway management and maintenance.
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ZHAI Qiu, HUANG Wenli, YU Zhongtao, WANG Huakun, GAO Linxiang, JIANG Xingliang, LU Yuting
2026(5):16-26
Abstract:
In response to the issue of vessel collision damage in China’s ship lock operations,a comparative study is conducted on the calculation methods of ship impact forces through systematic literature reviews of domestic and international sources,covering aspects such as normative formulas,model tests,and numerical simulations.The results indicate that under specific working conditions (ship speed of 1 m/s,angle of 3°-4°),the calculation results from the JTJ 307-2001 Code for Design of Hydraulic Structures of Shiplocks are roughly similar to those from the JTG D60-2015 General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts and Wang Junjie’s global mean formula.However,for larger ship speeds and impact angles,the results are underestimated.The calculation results of the modified Woisin formula are closest to the existing experimental,though the elevated experimental values require further verification for reliability.In comparison,calculation values of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Guide Specification and Commentary for Vessel Collision Design of Highway Bridges are close to most numerical simulation results,and its expression aligns most closely with the quantitative relationship revealed by existing research between the impact force of ships passing through ship locks and factors such as ship mass and speed.The standard used in the numerical simulations in existing literature are different,resulting in significant differences in the magnitudes of the ship impact forces.It is suggested that the numerical simulation method for ship-lock collisions is standardized.
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ZHOU Qingquan, ZHANG Wenfeng, ZHANG Chi, HUANG Yongzhi, GUO Chengxin, LI Cong
2026(5):27-35
Abstract:
Regarding wharf dike improved by wall-type deep cement mixing(DCM),there are significant differences between design methods in Chinese and American codes,yet existing research lacks comprehensive comparisons.On the basis of this issue,a comparative analysis is conducted using engineering case.The results show that the in-situ shear strength of cement-treated soil under American code is 34.8% higher than that under Chinese code.For DCM composite soil with a 50% replacement ratio,the American standard accounts for the influence of the site variability coefficient,resulting in shear strengths that are 22.6% higher than Chinese code when calculating circular slip stability,and 46.8% higher for other failure modes.When applying Chinese code to calculate DCM stability and strength,additional consideration of the vertical shear force from the soil on the active earth pressure side and the horizontal confining pressure at the toe can increase the anti-overturning stability factor by 5.7%,reduce the toe compressive stress by 7.8%,and increase the toe compressive strength by 29.6%.In Chinese code,the method of taking the vertical resultant force at the toe for wall-type DCM foundation bearing capacity calculation is unreasonable.The allowable vertical stress at the toe should be adopted,considering appropriate resistance partial factors.When calculating the vertical shear stress in the DCM body,the influence of eccentricity in the vertical resultant force at the base should be considered.In designing longitudinal walls to prevent soil extrusion between walls,refined specifications can be provided.
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LI Senlin, SUN Kewei, FENG Longhai, WU Ye, LIU Yuqing
2026(5):36-46
Abstract:
To address the reduced accuracy of structural condition identification caused by the coupled interference of temperature and mechanical loading in pile-supported wharves,an automatic thermo-mechanical separation approach is developed.The method combines complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and K-means clustering,and constructs a multi-feature vector integrating spectral kurtosis,modal energy,and sample entropy to automatically classify and reconstruct intrinsic mode functions (IMFs).Field data from a representative pile foundation at the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port are used for validation.The results indicate that the separated temperature component correlates highly with the measured temperature (PCC＞0.89),and the mechanical component achieves a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of over 12 dB.Compared with the EEMD-K-means and VMD-K-means models,the proposed method reduces the root mean square error by approximately 12% and improves the accuracy of temperature-trend extraction by 4%.Without relying on reference fibers or finite element simulations,the method stably separates thermal and mechanical responses and accurately identifies berthing events under complex marine conditions.The findings clarify the thermo-mechanical coupling behavior of pile foundations and provide an efficient and scalable signal-processing technique for health monitoring of port structures.
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GENG Chuan, LI Youwei, HUANG Xiuqian, HUANG Wei, YANG Qingyuan
2026(5):47-55
Abstract:
To address the challenges of numerous piles and columns,complex modeling,and lengthy computation times in actual wharf engineering projects,we innovatively employ three-dimensional sediment transport model to investigate the local scour characteristics of typical pile-column groups under different arrangements,reveal the scour depth,extent,and local velocity changes within pile-column clusters,and verify by single-column local scour results.The simulations of different pile-column configurations demonstrate distinct differences in scour depth and morphology among single column,double columns,and pile-column groups.As the number of pile-columns increases,local scour depth gradually decreases while scour patterns become more uniform.Under high flood conditions,significant local scouring (3.30-4.31 m) occurs at the pier columns of the wharf approach bridge (twin columns aligned with the flow),particularly pronounced in the inter-column zones.The scour around the wharf platform piles (a typical pile cluster) is relatively uniform (2.5-4.0 m),though high-velocity zones may intensify scouring.The typical three-pile cluster exhibited shallower scour,effectively reducing the scour depth of the main piles.Rational placement of fender piles can significantly reduce both the scour extent and depth.The findings on local flow velocities,scour depth,and extent under high flood conditions provide a basis for determining design parameters such as rock size and protection range for pile column protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
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TONG Jiapeng, CHENG Shufeng, YIN Jifu, MAO Xiaodan, HONG Guojun
2026(5):56-63
Abstract:
To address the challenge of difficult recovery of subsea structures on sandy coasts caused by excessive anchoring force,the experimental research on the anchoring bearing capacity of subsea structures is conducted in this paper.A simplified experimental device model of subsea structures is built to simulate the anchoring-lifting and anchoring-overturning processes in a sandy coastal environment.The control variable method is adopted to adjust the anchoring depth and total mass of the structure,while high-precision measuring equipment is used to collect anchoring bearing capacity data.On the basis of the experimental data,a multiple linear regression model is applied to quantify the influence rule of anchoring depth and total structural mass on the bearing capacity.The results indicate that both anchoring depth and total structural mass have a positive impact on vertical and lateral bearing capacities,showing an approximately linear relationship.The regression models exhibit good fitting performance,with the coefficient of determination R2 being 0.904 for the vertical bearing capacity model and 0.974 for the lateral bearing capacity model.In anchoring design,it is suggested that on the premise of ensuring the anti-overturning performance of the structure,the anchoring depth and total structural mass should be reasonably determined to balance anti-overturning performance and recoverability.
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WANG Guangjian, ZHUO Yang, SHEN Sicheng, SU Jingbo
2026(5):64-71
Abstract:
In response to the vulnerable problem of high-piled wharf pile foundations in marine environments,although steel sleeve grouting technology has the potential for reinforcement,the bending design lacks theoretical support.Through experiments and theoretical modeling,the research aims to reveal its mechanical properties and failure mechanisms,propose quantitative calculation methods,and support the improvement of engineering safety.The experiment used four different parameters of steel sleeve grouting reinforcement PHC pipe pile specimens,with key variables including grouting material thickness (40,50,60 mm) and steel sleeve thickness (5,8 mm).Through graded loading and monitoring of the load-strain response,the results indicate that increasing the thickness of both the grouting material and the steel sleeve can improve the flexural performance,and the strengthening effect of the steel sleeve thickness is more significant.Furthermore,the calculation formula for flexural bearing capacity is derived based on the plane section assumption.Experimental verification shows that the error is only 2.16%-6.58%,indicating satisfactory reliability.The research results provide a theoretical basis and quantitative calculation method for the application of steel sleeve grouting technology in the flexural design of pile foundations,which has important reference value for improving the safety and accuracy of the repair and reinforcement of high-piled wharves and similar engineering structures.
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YU Yang, QU Junbiao, BI Shaonan
2026(5):72-79
Abstract:
To the severe corrosion and maintenance challenges observed in the roof steel structures of the silos during the operation of Phase III and IV of the Huanghua Port Coal Terminal,this study conducts anticorrosion research on these structures.The objective is to propose long-term anticorrosion solutions suitable for the highly corrosive port environment,extending the service life of protective coatings and reducing future maintenance frequency.Through field investigations and theoretical analysis,the primary causes of severe corrosion in the roof steel structures are identified.Based on literature review and engineering case studies,metal protection and coating protection technologies are extensively evaluated,leading to the proposal of two heavy-duty anticorrosion schemes with a design service life of no less than 30 years.Furthermore,addressing the compatibility between anticorrosion and fire protection,theoretically grounded and practical engineering case studies are employed to propose integrated anticorrosion and fire protection measures suitable for port silos.In response to the highly corrosive environment of ports,heavy-duty anticorrosion measures and anticorrosion and fire prevention supporting measures are proposed,which can increase the design life of conventional anti-corrosion protection from 10 years to 30 years,with an extension of three times.The research results can provide valuable references for the anti-corrosion design of Phase V of the Huanghua Port Coal Terminal and other similar silo structures.
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2026(5):80-84
Abstract:
Addressing the enclosure methods for belt conveyors in dry bulk ship loading and unloading terminals,this study analyzes the applicability of existing enclosure solutions based on typical conveyor layouts.The results indicate that conventional solutions,such as fully enclosed cover belts and enclosed galleries,are often constrained by complex equipment structures when belt conveyors are arranged between the rails of loading and unloading equipment,making it difficult to simultaneously ensure enclosure effectiveness and operational reliability.To address these issues,a novel dynamic enclosure system for quay belt conveyors is proposed.The system distinguishes the loaded section from the unloaded section of the belt conveyor and applies enclosure only to the loaded section.A belt winding device is adopted to realize dynamic winding and releasing of the cover belt in synchronization with the movement of loading and unloading equipment.Based on different layout conditions of ship loaders and unloaders,the working principle,structural configuration and engineering applicability of the proposed system are analyzed.The results indicate that this solution is suitable for bulk cargo loading and unloading terminals where the belt conveyors are positioned between the two tracks of loading and unloading equipment,and it is feasible for engineering promotion and application.
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YE Haipeng, LI Yonglong, WU Liguo
2026(5):85-92
Abstract:
To address the problems of high cracking risk caused by hydration heat during construction,low construction efficiency,and serious pollution from wet operations associated with traditional cast-in-place navigation walls of ship locks,this paper investigates the structural design and mechanical performance of fully assembled navigation walls for ship locks in mountainous rivers.A fully prefabricated assembly scheme using high-strength bolts for intra-layer connections and longitudinal anchor bars for inter-layer connections is adopted.A layered assembly method based on 4 m×2 m×2.4 m modular standard components is established,together with design methods for the shear mechanism of intra-layer bolts and the anti-slip mechanism of inter-layer anchor bars.A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model is developed to investigate the structural stress and deformation,contact state,and performance of connectors under operation at high water level,operation at low water level,completion condition,and check condition.Results show that the maximum slip between assemblies is 1.07 mm,and the maximum principal stress of bolts is 215.30 MPa,which is below the yield strength of 300 MPa.Local yielding occurs in anchor bar bundles,but the structural integrity is favorable.The anti-sliding stability safety factor ranges from 1.15 to 1.45,satisfying the code limits.The study indicates that fully prefabricated navigation walls possess good mechanical properties and engineering applicability in ship locks of mountainous rivers.
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2026(5):93-98
Abstract:
Under the emergency valve closing condition of high-head ship locks,the water delivery valves close slowly under self-weight,which may result in over-filling or over-discharging in multi-stage ship locks or excessive reverse water head in single-stage ship locks.Excessively fast closing,with a high velocity maintained near the fully closed position,may damage the bottom water seal and even cause failure of the hydraulic structure.To address the difficulty in controlling the emergency closing speed of water delivery valves in high-head ship locks under unpowered conditions,this paper analyzes the feasibility of emergency closing under UPS-powered operation and fully unpowered manual operation,designs an emergency system for the unpowered closing of water delivery valves,and verifies its effectiveness through field tests.This system adds a set of poppet-type solenoid directional valves to the hydraulic system of the ship lock valve,connecting the rod and rodless chambers of the valve cylinder to form a differential circuit.A UPS power supply is used to power the valve group.By actuating different numbers of solenoid directional valves,the lowering speed of the valve under self-weight can be adjusted,solving the problem that the existing hydraulic system cannot realize rapid valve closing when the ship lock is completely powered off.Field prototype tests on the ship lock demonstrate that the proposed scheme features high closing reliability and adjustable closing speed.
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WU Jun, WANG Shuyi, PAN Conghui, ZHOU Shiliang
2026(5):99-109
Abstract:
With the growth of waterway transportation,traditional channel inspection methods struggle to meet the need for efficiency and precision,especially in complex environments for navigation aids.In view of the above problem,this paper proposes an intelligent navigation aids recognition method based on unmanned aerial vehicle and artificial intelligence.The method integrates an improved YOLOv7 model,convolutional block attention module attention mechanism,and MobileViT lightweight structure to address low small target detection accuracy and high background interference in complex aquatic environments during the day.In the nighttime,hue-saturation-value color space segmentation and time-series analysis techniques effectively extract navigation aid light flicker cycles and mitigate multi-source light interference.The experimental results show that the improved model achieves an average precision of 0.99 and an average confidence of 0.97,while nighttime recognition accuracy reaches 97.1%,significantly outperforming traditional methods.Additionally,the exchangeable image file format-based pose information geometric mapping model enables high-precision conversion from image coordinates to geographic coordinates,enhancing location accuracy.The proposed method operates stably in dynamic environments and provides effective technical support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of inland waterway navigation aids,offering substantial engineering application value.
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ZHOU Qiankai, ZHOU Ding, ZHOU Qin, CHEN Minghui
2026(5):110-117
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem that the upstream approach channel of Yanzhou Hub Ship Lock renovation project cannot be arranged as a straight and fully sheltered approach channel due to flood discharge,ecological protection,and river regime constraints,physical model tests are used to study the navigable flow conditions of the upstream zigzag non-sheltered approach channel.A 1:100 scale physical model is developed to analyze the navigable flow conditions in the approach channel.The conclusions indicate that:1) Although the fully sheltered long guide wall scheme meets the navigable flow condition requirements,the flow velocity at the 15 m gap reaches 5.23 m/s,causing serious local scouring.2)Without lowering the navigation standards for ships entering and leaving the lock,a proposal combining hydrological statistical analysis suggests setting separate berthing sections for the medium-dry season and the flood season.During the medium-dry season (Q≤2,500 m3/s),the maximum flow velocity in the berthing section is 0.50 m/s,which meets the code requirements.During the flood season (Q ＞2,500 m3/s),the maximum transverse velocity in the entrance area is 0.44 m/s,the maximum longitudinal velocity is 1.23 m/s,the maximum transverse velocity in the connecting section is 0.21 m/s,and the maximum longitudinal velocity is 1.79 m/s,all of which satisfy the code requirements.Furthermore,by the use of the upstream anchorage for vessel waiting area,and comprehensively considering the number of affected days and information-based scheduling methods,the impact on ship navigation capacity is limited.The research results can provide a reference for similar non-sheltered ship lock approach channels.
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2026(5):118-125
Abstract:
To determine the optimal layout scheme for the regulation buildings in the South Passage of the Yangtze Estuary and achieve effective regulation outcomes,this paper employs a three-dimensional sediment-water mathematical model to systematically compare and optimize the layout of these buildings.On the basis of the complex hydrodynamic and sediment transport characteristics of the South Passage alongside its riverine conditions,this paper follows a regulation approach concentrated on “bank protection,channel stabilization,flow diversion,and sediment retention”,and designs a multi-stage comparison and selection process.Starting from the initial scheme,the NCG1A scheme restricted flow in the lower section of the Jiangya North Channel is identified as the preferred option.Subsequent comparisons of different scheme configurations reveal that eliminating the north and south jetty clusters while optimizing only the diversion embankment axis offers greater advantages in enhancing main channel dynamics,ensuring navigation safety,and minimizing environmental impact.Further refinement of embankment elevation and length determine that a crest elevation of 2.0 m yields optimal channel regulation,with the embankment length optimized to 24.4 km.Scheme NCG5 effectively enhances the ebb-tide dynamics of the southern main channel while minimizing impacts on the adjacent northern deep-water channel and Jiuduansha Nature Reserve.This achieves synergistic multi-objective coordination of navigation channel management effectiveness,navigational safety,engineering economics,and ecological conservation,providing valuable insights for similar estuary regulation projects.
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LI Linze, GUO Tingting, WU Lü, XIE Chunhang, YUAN Hao, DENG Hai, XIE Boyi
2026(5):126-134
Abstract:
To address the issue of the formation of connected funnel vortices in the upper approach channel during the ship lock inlet filling process,which adversely affects the inlet and chamber water delivery conditions and deteriorates valve operation,a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the ship lock’s water intake process is conducted using the RNG(renormalization group) k-ε turbulence model.The study focuses on the hydraulic characteristics,including flow velocity and vortex evolution at the ship lock inlet.The results indicate that when the inflow area of the top grid at the inlet is 139.8 m2,the maximum surface flow velocity during the inflow process is 1.6 m/s,and a distinct interconnected funnel vortex is formed at the inlet.When the inlet flow area is increased by 26.95%,the maximum surface flow velocity decreases by 6.25%,effectively slowing the formation of connected funnel vortices at the inlet.When the inlet flow area is increased by 39.86%,the maximum surface flow velocity decreases by 12.5%,and no significant vortex connection occurs at the inlet.By increasing the total net width of the inlet at the lock head side pier and further expanding inflow area of the top grille,the flow pattern can be effectively stabilized,the flow velocity reduced,and the formation of connected funnel vortices slowed.This reduces the operating load on the valves and thereby improves the water delivery efficiency of the ship lock.
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Study on navigation evolution characteristics and shipping throughput prediction of Three Gorges Hub
XU Peng, SHI Hao, GUO Tao, CAO Lun, JIN Zhefei, ZHAO Xinzhe
2026(5):135-144
Abstract:
To reveal the evolution law of navigation operations at the Three Gorges Hub,this study systematically analyzes its operational characteristics from the aspects of shipping throughput,number of passing vessels,lock operation times,navigation availability rate,and tonnage of vessels passing through the locks.On this basis,combined with historical shipping and regional economic data,dummy variables reflecting the impact of sudden events such as the COVID-19 pandemic are introduced to construct a multiple linear regression model for forecasting future shipping throughput.The results indicate that since the commencement of navigation,the annual growth rate of shipping throughput at the Three Gorges has reached as high as 16.6%,and slowed notably to 3.6% after 2011.The ratio of upstream to downstream throughput has gradually evolved from 3:7 in 2004 to approximately 5:5 in recent years.The shipping hinterland is concentrated in six provinces and municipalities,namely Chongqing,Jiangsu,Hubei,Sichuan,Shanghai and Anhui.The operation efficiency of the ship locks has been continuously improved,with a navigation availability rate stably above 93%,more than 11,000 lockages per year,and an average tonnage per lockage exceeding 22,000 tonnes.The locks have been operating in a state of high efficiency and full load,with their passing capacity approaching the limit.Model predictions show that shipping throughput will reach 267 million tonnes by 2035,which is consistent with the forecast range of 240-290 million tonnes for the proposed Three Gorges New Waterway,demonstrating the urgent need to accelerate its construction.The research findings can provide a reference for navigation issues of the Three Gorges and other similar large-scale navigation hubs.
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2026(5):145-152
Abstract:
Addressing navigation-obstructing problems of significant annual siltation and unstable navigation channels in key waterways like Fujiangsha and Kouanzhi along the 12.5-m deep-water channel below Nanjing in the Yangtze River,we utilize the field topographic and sediment data from 2022 to 2024,multibeam bathymetry,and a two-dimensional sediment transport model to analyze channel evolution characteristics and evaluate dynamic maintenance dredging effectiveness.We elaborate on the implementation process and technical advantages of the integrated“monitoring-analysis-dredging-evaluation”dynamic maintenance approach.The results indicate that the introduction of a dynamic dredging strategy,which combines multibeam high-frequency scanning with model predictions,enables precise identification and timely dredging of critical sedimentation zones,enhancing maintenance efficiency by about 15%.The total dredging volume in Fujiangsha waterway decreases from 10.267 million m3 in 2022 to 7.301 million m3 in 2024,a reduction of 28.8%,while Kouanzhi waterway’s volume fluctuats from 5.798 million m3 to 7.096 million m3,with a significant increase in the Manyusha section due to special hydrological conditions.The error between the predicted values of the model and the measured values is less than 15%,verifying method reliability.Integrating intelligent monitoring with precision dredging in a proactive maintenance strategy effectively enhances navigation stability and maintenance cost-effectiveness,providing technical support for efficient maintenance of the Yangtze River’s golden waterway.
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XIAO Yansong, SUN Qian, XIE Chunhang, ZHANG Wenwu, ZHANG Xin, YUAN Hao
2026(5):153-158
Abstract:
Following the straightening of a curved river channel at a navigation-power hub,the upstream approach channel formed a large oblique angle with the main stream,which posed significant safety risks to vessel passage.To address this issue,an integrated engineering physical model is developed to systematically investigate the navigational flow conditions in the upstream approach channel and its connecting section.Experimental results show that under the original design scheme,the transverse flow velocities in the entrance zone and connecting section of the upstream approach channel substantially exceeds the limits stipulated in relevant standards.This necessitated the implementation of engineering modifications to optimize the flow conditions.Through comparative analysis of multiple proposed schemes,the study examine the flow structures and velocity distribution patterns of the upstream approach channel and its connecting section under different intervention measures.An integrated set of measures is identified,including localized excavation,lateral repositioning of the lock,and optimization of the guidance segment geometry,length,and width of the approach channel.These modifications effectively reduce the peak transverse flow velocity from 0.61 m/s in the original scheme to 0.28 m/s,significantly enhancing the navigational flow conditions in the upstream approach channel and its connecting section,thereby improving vessel navigation safety.The methodology and findings may provide valuable reference for similar engineering projects.
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CHEN Yong, HUANG Liwen, CHEN Jiahao
2026(5):159-166
Abstract:
To address the insufficient safety margins caused by traditional control methods for inland curved waterways,which are limited to precise centerline tracking and neglect key navigation practices such as“holding high and taking low”,a ship rudder-propeller coordinated control method integrating this good seamanship is proposed.The method features an improved LOS(line-of-sight)guidance law at the guidance layer.It algorithmically implements“holding high and taking low”by introducing a lateral offset,calculated based on operational conditions like vessel speed and current,to proactively generate a strategic,off-centerline reference trajectory.Furthermore,its adaptive integral mechanism effectively compensates for environmental disturbances and eliminates steady-state errors.The control layer employs a conventional PID (proportional-integral-derivative)controller for precise control of the rudder angle,forming a complete rudder-propeller coordinated control system.Simulation results verify that under a 2 m/s cross-current disturbance,the proposed method successfully executes the predetermined strategy,increasing the minimum safety distance to the concave bank by 34.4% compared with traditional methods and exhibiting superior robustness.The research confirms that the method effectively integrates navigation practice with modern control theory,providing a new solution for enhancing the navigational safety of ships in complex and confined waterways.
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YANG Zhongchao, HU Jiang, XU Keqin
2026(5):167-175
Abstract:
The new Funan Techo Canal in Cambodia’s low-lying Mekong Delta faces significant salinity intrusion,threatening agricultural irrigation on both banks of the river.It is necessary to assess the extent and distribution of saltwater intrusion of the newly constructed canal and propose effective countermeasures.The three-dimensional hydrodynamic-salinity model of Funan Techo Canal is built using MIKE3 to systematically analyze saltwater intrusion patterns both without mitigation and with the operation of a ship lock.The results indicate that salinity intrusion is primarily driven by tidal dynamics and density gradients.The maximum intrusion distance of the 1 psu isohaline exhibits an inverse logarithmic relationship with the upstream freshwater discharge.At a low inflow Q=1 m3 /s,the 1 psu saltwater intrudes up to 25.2 km,this distance is significantly reduced to 12.5 km when the inflow increases to Q=20 m3 /s.The implementation of a ship lock can control upstream water levels and follow specific gate operation sequences to block seawater effectively.It markedly suppresses the intrusion distance and reduces salinity concentrations.After six months of ship lock operation,the 1 psu intrusion distance is limited to just 6.6 km,and the salinity at the lock head decreases from 27 psu to 5.5 psu.Therefore,the ship lock is identified as the key engineering measure for salinity control.Its operation,combined with upstream water level and flow regulation,can synergistically ensure the security of freshwater resources along the canal.
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2026(5):176-183
Abstract:
To systematically address navigation safety issues arising from adverse flow patterns such as cross-flow,recirculating flow,boil vortices,and overtopping flow in the Changshou waterway of the upper Yangtze River,a movable-bed physical model test is conducted to predict and evaluate the effects of the navigation regulation project.Based on the natural flow and sediment processes from May 2018 to November 2019,model calibration and scale determination are completed,and a high-precision flow-sediment physical model is established.To systematically analyze the response of flow structure and riverbed topography after project implementation,simulations are conducted for four characteristic discharges during flood,medium and dry water periods as well as under typical hydrological year conditions.Results indicate that after regulation,the flow velocity in the central part of Xiaojiashipan decreases by 29.9%,and the maximum flow velocity in the dredged area increases by 34.2%.The angle between the oblique flow in the left branch and the navigation channel is reduced from 39° to 4°,the transverse velocity decreases by more than 85%,and the adverse flow patterns such as boil vortices and overtopping flow are significantly weakened.After scouring and adjustment over a sequence of hydrological years,the riverbed tends to be stable.The left branch navigation channel maintains a designed water depth of 4.5 m,and its width is expanded from less than 110 m to more than 150 m,resulting in significantly improved navigation conditions.The study confirms that the project effectively optimizes the flow patterns and channel dimensions in the rapid reach,and the relevant methods and conclusions can provide theoretical and technical support for the regulation of similar mountainous waterways.
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LI Linyang, QIAN Liyun, ZOU Tao, ZHANG Chunze, HOU Ji, ZHANG Xujin
2026(5):184-191
Abstract:
This study addresses the threat posed by surge waves induced by the collapse of unstable rock masses along the bank zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir to navigation facilities and ship safety.A fully coupled analysis covering the entire chain of “rock mass entering water-surge wave propagation-ship response” is carried out.Taking the Diaozui dangerous rock mass in the Fengjie section and the surrounding pontoon terminal-moored Yangtze River ship system as the research objects,a three-dimensional numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate the processes of dangerous rock collapse into water,surge wave generation and propagation.The motion response characteristics of the pontoon and moored Yangtze River ships under the action of surge waves are analyzed,and the laws of surge wave generation and propagation induced by the Diaozui dangerous rock,the motion response characteristics of the mooring system,and its safety status are summarized.The results show that the rock collapse and water entry process lasted only 16 seconds,with an initial wave height of 26.4 m.The surge attenuated significantly in the core zone due to energy dispersion,riverbed resistance and other factors,whereas the maximum wave height at the far end was slightly higher than the initial wave as a result of wave reflection and superposition.Under the action of surge,the pontoon and river vessel exhibited the most significant roll response,with highly synchronized sway,surge and heave motions.The mooring ropes were subjected to tension close to the breaking load,posing risks of collision and instability.Preemptive untying of mooring ropes can substantially reduce the maximum roll amplitude of the vessel,enabling it to quickly restore stability via its own restoring moment and effectively mitigate disaster risks.
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LI Xinyu, LIU Xiaoting, LI Zhipeng, SUN Hongguang
2026(5):192-204
Abstract:
College of Mechanics and Engineering Science,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.Institute of Science and Technology Research,China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 101199,China) Abstract：To address the issues of unclear local scour mechanisms and insufficient design basis for pile group foundations caused by complex flow field interference between piles,a three-dimensional coupled numerical model of fluid-pile-erodible seabed is established.This model simulates the scour process around a monopile and four typical pile group arrangements under steady current conditions on a sandy seabed with different pile spacings,and discusses the effects of flow field interference between piles and bed shear stress on the scour process.The study shows that in a twin-pile tandem configuration,the scour depth at the rear pile is reduced by 34%-53% compared with a monopile pile,owing to the shielding effect of the front pile.For side-by-side twin piles with G/D=2(where G is the pile spacing and D is the pile diameter),the maximum scour depth increases by 33% due to the gap flow between the piles.Compared with the monopile,the maximum scour depths for the regular-triangle and inverted-triangle arrangements increase by 20%-30% and over 30%,respectively.Therefore,it is recommended in engineering practice to adopt a pile spacing of G/D=3-4 for tandem piles to balance the shielding effect and scour risk,to employ a spacing significantly exceeding G/D=4 for side-by-side piles to markedly mitigate mutual interference,and to avoid using the inverted-triangle configuration as much as possible in three-pile arrangements.
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WANG Qiongyu, HU Zhenhua, LOU Xueqian, SHE Xiwu, ZOU Xuetao
2026(5):205-211
Abstract:
On the basis of the results of the tensile static load test of a large diameter steel pipe pile in Yantian Port and the finite element method,the tensile bearing characteristics of the steel pipe piles in the breccia geology are studied.The results show that by the finite element method,the axial tensile ultimate bearing capacity of SZ1# test pile is 2,297 kN,which has a surplus of 35% compared with the designed tensile bearing capacity of 1,700 kN.The friction coefficients between fully weathered breccia and strongly weathered breccia and steel pipe piles are 0.38 and 0.60,respectively.After the pile is loaded to failure,even if the pile top load increases,the axial force of the pile shaft in the soil section will not increase.At this time,the axial force curves of the pile shaft in the soil section overlap together under different loads.The tensile-lateral friction resistance of the steel pipe pile in fully weathered breccia and strong weathered breccia are 54.29 and 60.81 kPa,respectively.In fully weathered and strong weathered breccia,the relationship between the side friction resistance of the steel pipe piles and the relative pile-soil displacement of approximately follows a softening model and a hyperbolic model,respectively.While in medium-coarse sand and residual soil,it presents a bilinear hardening model.
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ZHENG Xintao, GAO Xiang, WEN Youpeng
2026(5):212-219
Abstract:
The construction of inland river wharf is faced with the problems of excavation stability of harbor basin bank slope and its influence on the surrounding environment.On the basis of an inland river frame wharf under construction in Zhaoqing,GEO5 software is used to calculate the excavation stability of wharf bank slope.Taking safety factor,internal force of pile body and displacement of pile top as control indexes,the reinforcement scheme of bank slope is compared and analyzed.Considering the construction period,the dense row piles are finally used for reinforcement.On the basis of the field monitoring results,the reinforcement effect is evaluated by comparing the allowable values of the code.The results show that the reinforcement scheme of slope bottom cement mixing pile and slope waist cast-in-place pile can meet the requirements of the code after appropriate optimization.Before and after the completion of bank slope excavation,the maximum surface displacement and deep horizontal cumulative displacement are about 7 mm,less than the early warning value of 20 mm,and the slope top building inclination rate and change speed do not exceed the early warning value.The reinforcement of dense row piles effectively reduces the influence of bank slope excavation on the overall stability and slope top structures,and ensures the safety of bank slope and surrounding environment.It can provide reference for similar projects in the selection and analysis methods of reinforcement schemes.
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LIU Xiaopeng, CHU Xiaohuan, WU Zhefeng, LI Yewei
2026(5):220-226
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of excessive settlement,insufficient stability,poor pertinence and low reinforcement efficiency of traditional foundation treatment methods induced by large-load stacking behind port shore connection structures under deep soft soil conditions,this paper presents a study on the design and application of zoned differentiated foundation treatment based on the Dapukou container terminal project in Jintang port area,Ningbo-Zhoushan Port.A combination of theoretical calculation,numerical simulation and on-site measurement is adopted for settlement prediction and stability analysis.The research results indicate that under the zoned differentiated design,the post-construction settlement is controlled within 30 cm,and the differential settlement between different blocks is less than 5 cm,which meets the service requirements of the yard.The measured data show that under the same load condition,the deviation in reinforcement effect between vacuum combined surcharge preloading and surcharge preloading does not exceed 10%.In addition,the zoned load reduction scheme increases the overall stability safety factors of the shore connection structure under construction conditions and seismic conditions by 26% and 23% respectively,both of which meet the requirements of the specification.This study verifies the feasibility and superiority of the zoned differentiated foundation treatment method,solves the deformation compatibility and stability issues associated with large-load surcharge preloading on deep soft soil foundations,and offers a replicable and scalable design scheme and technical reference for similar foundation treatment projects of shore connection structures in coastal deep soft soil regions of China.
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ZHANG Bojie, CHEN Haifeng, WANG Tingting, TANG Yun
2026(5):227-232
Abstract:
To the key technical issue of rapidly forming a containment structure for a super-large-scale offshore artificial island project under conditions of deep water,large waves,and hard soil foundation,a shallow-inserted steel cylindrical revetment structure is proposed.In-depth research is conducted on the structural stability,elevation rationality,and structural durability of this structure.The structural stability is comprehensively verified to meet the requirements by combining the normative formula,three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation,and centrifugal model tests.Through comparative analysis using the normative formula,physical model tests of wave section,and three-dimensional local and overall physical model tests,it has been verified that the installation of a twisted block wave dissipation platform can effectively reduce the top elevation of the revetment.The structural durability is demonstrated to meet the century-long usage requirements by adopting a combined anti-corrosion measure of anti-corrosion coating,sacrificial anode and external current cathodic protection,and concrete coating,in combination with corrosion allowance.The research conclusion indicates that the shallow-inserted steel cylindrical structure revetment is safe,reliable,and technically feasible,which can provide reference for the rapid island formation design of similar offshore artificial island projects.
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2026(5):233-240
Abstract:
Addressing the challenges in the Yangtze River waterway regulation projects,where frequent monitoring of submerged dam cross-sections is required and structures are significantly influenced by the hydrological cycle of“deposition during rising water and scouring during falling water,”the conventional fixed-cross-section monitoring method often falls short due to its limited coverage.This limitation hinders accurate assessment of section compliance rates and comprehensive evaluation of scouring trends.To enhance the precision and scientific rigor of construction acceptance and flood season safety monitoring,a comparative and applied study of monitoring methods is conducted,focusing on both section acceptance and scouring assessment.Based on two typical regulation project cases,a comparative analysis is performed using the triangle network volume surface method alongside the traditional fixed-cross-section method.The results indicate that compared with the traditional method,the triangle network volume surface method analysis,by constructing a high-precision 3D digital model,achieves 100% comprehensive measurement of the dam and its surrounding riverbed morphology.This allows for more precise detection of localized non-compliant points,scouring pits,and siltation bodies that are missed between traditional fixed sections,along with their spatial distribution and volumetric changes.Consequently,this method provides powerful scientific data support for the detailed acceptance of construction quality,accurate prediction of scouring dynamics during flood seasons,and the formulation of protection and reinforcement plans,thereby effectively ensuring the long-term stability and safe operation of the regulation structures through flood periods.
2026 Issue 5
The 15th Five-Year Plan for Water Transport Development and Policies
Perspective
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Ground and Foundation
Construction
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
