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WU Peng, WANG Tao, CAO Fengshuai, LIU Xiaoling, DONG Yuxuan
2026(1):1-11
Abstract:
After years of development,China’s inland waterway transportation has achieved significant progress,playing an irreplaceable role in regional comprehensive transportation system and economic and social development of the area along the shipping route.We systematically review the development process of China’s inland waterway network since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,analyze the stage characteristics of the volume and composition of inland waterway development,and summarize the crucial supporting role of inland waterway transportation in regional economic and social development.Through comparative analysis with developed countries and regions,we analyze the existing challenges in the development of China’s waterway network deeply.On the basis of the characteristics of different cargo types,such as low-value bulk goods,medium-value bulk goods,and high-value precision goods,we propose a series of development strategies from two dimensions:improving operation efficiency and extending layouts of the inland waterway,put forward enhancing the punctuality and efficiency of lockage,addressing local bottlenecks in high-grade inland waterways,strengthening the integration of water conservancy network,inland waterway network and hydropower network,and promoting efficient connections between high-grade inland waterways and seaports.Focusing on the construction technology of high-dam navigation structures with significant market demand in central and western regions,we systematically identify critical technical bottlenecks that urgently need breakthroughs,such as water conveyance system technology,hydraulic structure of ship lock, gate and valve design,and intermediate channel and navigation tunnel technology.
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MA Xiqin, XU Chunyan, SU Zheyi, LI Zongji, LI Xuguang, YI Haibin
2026(1):12-22
Abstract:
The maneuverability of a new 10,000-ton class river-sea direct vessel designed for the Three Gorges new navigation channel is investigated in this paper,with the objective of enhancing a ship motion simulation platform that incorporates the hydrodynamic characteristics of inland waterways.Numerical simulation methods are combined with circulating water channel resistance tests to analyze the hydrodynamic derivatives for ship roll and yaw under varying water depths and motion frequencies.By the maneuvering modeling group model,a 3-degree-of-freedom maneuvering motion simulation platform is developed for the 10,000-ton class river-sea direct vessel.The verification of platform’s reliability is carried out against publicly available large-scale ship model maneuverability test data.The results demonstrate that the vessel’s turning ability,course-keeping,and stopping characteristics all comply with the JT/T 258-2021 Criteria of Maneuverability for Transport Ship in Yangtze River,and the platform’s reliability is validated.The results provide a theoretical foundation for the safe operation of 10,000-ton class vessels in inland waters and offer technical support for the development of inland ship maneuvering simulators.
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SHI Tong, WANG Yuqizheng, SUN Weikang, LIU Hui
2026(1):23-30
Abstract:
To address the limitations of traditional harmonic analysis methods in identifying major tidal constituents from short-term current data,a comparative study is conducted using the tidal admittance method and the ratio-of-amplitudes method.Field observations from a typical cross-section in the lower Huangpu River during neap,medium,and spring tides are used.By fitting the normalized amplitude and phase lag of major constituents as functions of frequency,a smooth tidal admittance model is constructed and its predictive performance is evaluated.The results indicate that the admittance method,without relying on long-term data or empirical amplitude ratios,can effectively applied to the harmonic analysis and velocity prediction of short-term tidal currents.Compared with the ratio-of-amplitudes method,it reduces the root-mean-square error of current prediction by an average of 8.9%.Quadratic fitting further reveals a continuous relationship between frequency,the normalized amplitude and delay angle of diurnal and semidiurnal constituents,confirming the smoothness of the admittance function and its applicability in harmonic analysis.This method enhances short-term tidal forecasting and supports hydrological and engineering decision-making.
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ZHAO Xiaoying, DONG Ping, LI Yan, ZHAO Xin’ao, ZHAN Chao, WANG Qing
2026(1):31-40
Abstract:
The armor layer of a breakwater dissipates wave energy through friction and percolation,thereby reducing wave overtopping.Most existing overtopping calculation methods employ a constant roughness coefficient related to armor block type,which fails to account for the influence of different structural parameters of the armor layer.To evaluate the rationality of using constant roughness coefficients as input in machine learning models for wave overtopping prediction,this study utilizes the overtopping database from the EU CLASH project.Data for single-slope breakwaters (including simple slopes,slopes with crown walls,slopes with berms,and composite slopes) encompassing overtopping,wave,and structural parameters are selected to develop a neural network model for fitting armor layer roughness coefficients.By comparing the model performance across different structural types,the applicability of the recommended roughness coefficients in the database for neural network-based overtopping prediction is assessed.The results reveal significant variations in model accuracy depending on the breakwater slope structure,indicating substantial limitations and uncertainties in the current practice of using constant roughness coefficients.To further enhance the precision of neural network models for overtopping prediction,input parameters should incorporate armor block characteristics that directly influence hydrodynamic performance.
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WU Jianmin, XIAO Yi, CHEN Yaofei
2026(1):41-51
Abstract:
In plain rivers,sediment transport is dominated by suspended load.When vegetation is present in the flow,significant changes occur in the flow field,which in turn affect the settling velocity and spatial distribution of suspended particles.In this study,a three-dimensional hydro-sediment numerical model incorporating the effects of rigid vegetation is developed based on the OpenFOAM solver driftFluxFoam.The model is validated through flume experiments involving flow around cylinders and partition plates.Four vegetation submergence ratios （h/H=0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0） are considered to simulate flow structures and suspended sediment distribution around vegetation under different submergence conditions.The results show that as vegetation submergence increases,the influence of submerged vegetation on flow velocity is confined to the vegetation layer.The vertical velocity decays significantly at 5D downstream of the vegetation,with a maximum increase in instantaneous velocity of approximately 55%.Bed shear stress increases within 5D upstream of the vegetation,the critical emergent vegetation shear stress is about 70% higher than that of submerged vegetation.A peak in shear stress forms along the centerline at 5D downstream,with low-stress zones appearing at 2D on either side of the centerline,and the wake region shows limited influence.The variation range of suspended sediment concentration gradually narrows,and the annular low-concentration zone at the vegetation base decreases.Submerged vegetation has a limited impact on near-bed longitudinal suspended sediment concentration differences,while critical emergent vegetation shows the opposite trend.The normalized time-averaged suspended sediment concentration at 50D downstream (CE/CA) is approximately 1.46.
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ZHANG Hongguang, LIU Yun, XIE Yu
2026(1):52-59
Abstract:
To address the issue of traditional buoys drifting significantly and losing navigational accuracy in strong currents in rivers and coastal areas,a study is conducted on reducing buoy offset by utilizing the combined effects of hydrodynamic lift generated by an underwater lifting body float and tension forces from a taut anchor chain.A numerical simulation method is employed to analyze the lift and drag characteristics of four NACA airfoil types:NACA 0012,NACA 0015,NACA 2412,and NACA 2415.Based on the analysis results,the NACA 2412 is selected as the baseline airfoil for constructing the underwater lifting body.A three-dimensional underwater lifting body is constructed by modifying this airfoil,and its lift and drag characteristics are subsequently analyzed to obtain a viable design for an underwater lifting body float.Numerical simulations and physical model experiments are applied to analyze the variation of buoy offset with flow velocity for a buoy model equipped with an underwater lifting body float,as well as for a series of buoy models using cylindrical float of the same volume.The results show that under equivalent flow velocity conditions above 2.5 m/s,the buoy equipped with an underwater lifting body buoy exhibited a 25% reduction in offset and a 58% decrease in maximum mooring cable tension compared with the cylindrical float buoy.Additionally,attitude stability is improved.The underwater lifting body buoy can meet the requirements of low offset and high navigation accuracy in strong current environments.However,the overall design must avoid negative angle of attack conditions for underwater lifting body.
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WANG Weihan, TANG Guolei, WU Qingyi, YANG Qian, JIN Haibo, WANG Yiming
2026(1):60-68
Abstract:
Aiming at the practical problems of intermodal transport network planning in the hinterland of inland ports under the “dual-carbon” strategy,a mathematical model of intermodal transport hub location in the hinterland of inland river ports is proposed and a solution method is designed.The mathematical model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the enterprise transportation cost (including cargo transportation cost,transit cost and carbon emission cost) and hub operation cost (including fixed operation cost and renovation/expansion cost) during the planning period,and the solution method is designed based on the idea of “preliminary selection-preferred selection-optimization”.The method firstly determines the list of alternative hubs based on the results of gravity method;secondly,based on the indicators of site size,development space and service capacity,the AHP-TOPSIS method is used to select the hubs corresponding to the number of hubs at each stage and the number of hubs from the alternative hubs,and obtains the set of preferred hubs;lastly,the multimodal hub location mathematical model is used to obtain the final hub siting scheme.Taking a port group along an inland river as an example,the hub location under different decision preferences is determined.The results show that the proposed model and algorithm are convenient and reliable,and provide a systematic methodological tool for multimodal hub planning in the hinterland of inland waterways,which can help reduce logistics costs and promote the transformation of low-carbon logistics.
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2026(1):69-77
Abstract:
To address the medium to long-term deformation issues of underground diaphragm wall sheet pile wharf，we focus on the 100,000-ton-class curtain-type underground diaphragm wall sheet pile wharf project at Jingtang port area of Tangshan Port.Using prototype observation method,we investigate the medium to long-term deformation characteristics of the curtain-type underground diaphragm wall sheet pile structure during both the construction period and operational period,and obtain the structural deformation and anchor point displacement of the front diaphragm wall,curtain piles,and anchorage wall at different excavation stages and during operation period.The results demonstrate that the rate of change in horizontal displacement of the structure is greatest during the construction period of the curtain-type underground diaphragm wall sheet pile wharf structure dredged deep to near the design elevation.The cumulative horizontal displacement accounts for 80%-93%.The cumulative displacement of the anchor points accounts for 85%-91%.The dredging depth at the front of the wharf is highly sensitive to horizontal displacement,especially when it approaches the design value.The deformation stabilization time of the curtain-type underground diaphragm wall sheet pile wharf structure is approximately 7 years in the relied project.
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ZHANG Gefan, SU Jingbo, WU Feng, GAO Ganggang, SHEN Longqing
2026(1):78-87
Abstract:
nder the context of rapid development in intelligent water transport,the safety status monitoring of the entire life-cycle of high-pile wharves has become a core issue in ensuring the reliability of port infrastructure.However,abnormal monitoring data caused by complex environmental conditions severely constrain accurate assessment and prediction of the status of high-pile wharves.To address the frequent occurrence of high-frequency noise and transient distortion in monitoring data from high-pile wharves,as well as the incompatibility of conventional denoising methods with non-stationary signal characteristics,a time-frequency joint denoising method integrating mean filtering and wavelet decomposition is proposed.A multi-indicator evaluation model prioritizing correlation coefficient and signal-to-noise ratio is established.Through comparative method analysis and feature parameter optimization,the optimal parameter combination is selected and validated from two dimensions:data quality improvement and prediction accuracy enhancement.Research shows that the time-frequency joint denoising method based on mean filtering wavelet decomposition effectively balances signal detail preservation and trend smoothing requirements while suppressing random noise and improving signal-to-noise ratio.The correlation between the denoised data and the original signal is significantly better than that of a single filtering method.The research results provide a solution that balances efficiency and accuracy for the processing and prediction of monitoring data for high-pile wharves.
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ZHU Yongguang, MAO Zhiwen, DU Bingru
2026(1):88-96
Abstract:
When the wave overtopping exceeds the critical value,the secondary waves generated behind the breakwater will pose a safety threat to the rear facilities (such as pile-supported wharves).To ensure the structural safety of pile-supported wharves under overtopping conditions,it is necessary to reassess the wave-induced forces acting on the wharf structure.In response to the problem of the current research gap concerning the calculation of uplift forces caused by secondary waves on panels of pile-supported wharves,the wave-induced uplift forces under overtopping conditions are investigated in this paper.A physical wave model test is established to examine the wave distribution within the harbor and the corresponding wave loads on the wharf,focusing on the combined effects of secondary waves generated by wave overtopping and diffracted waves entering the harbor around the breakwater head.The test results are compared with the calculation results by empirical formulas from design code.The fundamental reasons for the overestimation and limited applicability of the code formulas is identified by analyzing the characteristics of wave trains after overtopping.The results show that the measured maximum total uplift force on the wharf panel caused by secondary waves is approximately 50% of the value predicted by the empirical formulas,indicating significant safety redundancy.It is recommended that when calculating the maximum total uplift forces of secondary waves after overtopping,a breaking wave reduction coefficient of 0.5-0.7 should be introduced on the basis of the code formulas.
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XU Baiqiang, PEI Hongwei, SONG Xin
2026(1):97-104
Abstract:
As the coastal liquid chemical port areas and petrochemical industrial bases develop rapidly,the requirements for safety and environmental risk prevention in port zones are increasing.To make full use of existing infrastructure and ensure emergency oil spill response in the port area,taking the bucket-type structure foundation of the east breakwater in Xuwei port area of Lianyungang Port as an example,the spatial characteristics and load-bearing capacity of the buckets are analyzed.Partial functional modifications are made to the existing bucket-type structure,transforming it into an emergency pool within the port area.This forms a zonal emergency pool system within the port,which is used to collect and store oil and various wastewater that may leak along the public utility corridor in emergencies.This helps reduce pollution and ecological damage to the marine environment,and meets the accident wastewater interception capacity requirements stipulated in the environmental assessment.Compared with building new emergency pools,this approach can save 78.5% of construction investment,shorten the construction period by 66.7%,and save 100% of sea area usage.Considering factors such as construction investment,construction period,safety and environmental protection,maintenance costs,and rapid response,this solution is feasible.It explores an operational management model for port infrastructure that serves both routine and emergency needs,providing an innovative solution for similar coastal industrial port areas to address safety and environmental risk emergency prevention and control.
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2026(1):105-111
Abstract:
With the large-scale construction of wharves,increasing demands are being placed on the bearing capacity of steel sheet pile wharves.The conventional steel sheet pile structure is subjected to high stress and high cost under deep water conditions,while the curtain-type steel sheet pile structure can effectively share the active soil pressure of the rear soil,optimize the stress conditions of the front sheet pile and anchoring system,and has the advantages of reasonable load distribution,small deformation,and economic efficiency.However,the current research on the stress characteristics and influencing factors of the curtain type steel sheet pile structure is not deep enough and needs further research.Based on a steel sheet pile wharf project,this paper uses model analysis software to establish a model and analyze the factors that affect the stress characteristics of curtain type steel sheet piles.The results show that the economic performance of the curtain-type steel sheet pile structure is improved by approximately 17.9% relative to the conventional steel sheet pile structure.When the distance between curtain piles is 2.8 m and the pile diameter is at least 0.8 m,the curtain effect can be fully utilized,leading to a pronounced soil arching effect.However,if the distance between the curtain pile and the front sheet pile exceeds 7 times the diameter of the curtain pile,the curtain effect diminishes considerably.In practical engineering applications,it is essential to comprehensively consider the loading and unloading processes in conjunction with the requirements of the upper structure.This study is intended to offer valuable references and guidance for the design and application of deep-water curtain-type steel sheet pile wharves.
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DENG Jian, SUN Xuewei, LIU Yulong, XIE Cheng
2026(1):112-120
Abstract:
Complex navigation hub is a complex navigation facility composed of multiple locks,ship lifts,navigation tunnels and intermediate channels and other navigation buildings,the intermediate channel,as a key water connecting different navigation facilities,undertakes the function of ship collection,channelization and temporary berthing,the capacity configuration of its intermediate channel rendezvous section is of great significance for enhancing the overall passing ability of the hub.In response to the problem of mismatch between the capacity configuration of the middle channel rendezvous section and the through capacity of the complex navigation hub,taking the Goupipan navigation hub of Wujiang River as the research object,a simulation model of the complex navigation hub is constructed using Arena simulation platform.Through simulation experiments and data analysis,the influence of the capacity of the middle channel rendezvous section on the through capacity of the hub and the waiting time of ships is explored under different daily opening time of the hub.The results show that by reasonably adjusting the capacity of the middle channel rendezvous section based on the opening operation time of the hub,the throughput capacity of the hub can be improved and the waiting time of upstream and downstream ships at the hub can be reduced.After optimization,Goupitan navigation hub can increase its freight throughput by up to 13.9% and reduce the average waiting time of upstream and downstream ships at the hub by 13.6%.The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the design and operation of the middle channel rendezvous section capacity of complex navigation hubs.
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CHEN Jing, GE Naiming, NI Shiyang, MA Ruixin
2026(1):121-127
Abstract:
In view of the problems of low efficiency,narrow coverage,insufficient data integration,and strong subjectivity in evaluation in traditional health monitoring methods (manual inspection,single technology) for bank protection projects in inland waterways,a multi-dimensional health status monitoring and evaluation index system for bank protection is built on the basis of “water-land-air-space” multi-source sensing and DERU-AHP quantitative model.Shore-based video,UAV laser point cloud,unmanned ship sonar,distributed optical fiber sensing,Beidou navigation and other technologies are innovatively integrated,and an air-space-shore-water-underwater integrated collaborative monitoring network is built to achieve all-round perception of surface,internal and underwater diseases of revetment structures.The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the index weights,and the damage-extent-reflection-urgency (DERU) model is introduced into the field of bank protection health assessment to establish four-dimensional quantitative grading evaluation criteria.The system is verified by the application in a gravity-type bank protection project in the middle of the Yangtze River.The results show that the system accurately identifies hidden crack propagation and internal stress anomalies missed by manual inspection,and the comprehensive evaluation score (62.5 points,Class III) is more in line with actual maintenance needs than the traditional method (Class II,80-90 points).Quantitative analysis shows that the evaluation error is reduced by 25.4%,and the risk assessment efficiency is improved by 40%.The results can provide accurate and efficient technical support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of revetment projects,and are of great significance for improving the full life cycle management level of waterway infrastructure.
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SUN Tengfei, WANG Yusheng, LI Yuanyuan
2026(1):128-137
Abstract:
The navigable flow conditions in the estuary reach where the Yuxi River converges into the Yangtze River are complex due to the dual influence of upstream sluice operation and the water-sediment dynamics of the Yangtze River.A depth-averaged 2D hydrodynamic model is employed to analyze navigable flow parameters conditions such as water depth,flow velocity,and direction in the Yuxi River estuary.The influence of hub operation schemes on flow diversion ratio at the original meander reach is investigated by Pearson correlation coefficient analytical method.The results show that based on the current channel scale requirements,the designed navigation channel can basically meet the maintenance water depth requirement of 4.0 m,but there is a problem of insufficient water depth in local areas of the channel.The overall flow state of the engineering river section is directly controlled by the water level of the main stream of the Yangtze River and the operation and discharge status of the Yuxi Ship Lock.When the uplift effect of the main stream of the Yangtze River is weak and the discharge flow of Yuxi Ship Lock is small,the overall hydrodynamic conditions of the river section are relatively weak.There is a strong positive correlation between the original bend section and the total discharge of the hub,as well as the flow rate of the control gate,while there is a negative correlation with the filling and discharge volume from the ship lock.The research results can provide references for the safety of ships in the Yuxi estuary and offer theoretical support for the subsequent maintenance of the waterway.
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SUN Jingkang, GUO Chao, ZHU Long
2026(1):138-145
Abstract:
To address the low efficiency of fish passage caused by poor flow conditions,this study proposes a new kind of fishway design,named as the L-shaped baffle fishway.The water flow conditions inside the fishway are investigated by numerical simulation.The results show that the flow is stable and maintained in the center of L-shaped baffle fishway.There are similar and stable recirculation zones on both sides of the main stream,with the lowest velocity occurring in the center of recirculation zone.The main flow width of 0.45 m,which is comparable to the vertical slots of the L-shaped baffle fishway,and the hydraulic properties of the individual water layers are essentially the same.The maximum mean flow velocity of the fishway decreases with the decrease of bottom slope.When the bottom slope decreases from 1/70 to 1/90,the maximum flow velocity of the fishway decreases from 1.06 m/s to 0.91 m/s,which is a decrease of 16.5%.When the bottom slope is lower than 1/80,the turbulent kinetic energy in the main flow region keeps at 0.05 m2/s2，the turbulent kinetic energy in the pool is less than 0.05 m2/s2，and the low turbulent kinetic energy area is more than 70%.This study can provide quantifiable design parameters for the fishway project.In combination with the requirements of design specifications,when the bottom slope of the fishway is 1/80 or less,it can meet the upstream requirements of fish.
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CHEN Ming, CHEN Meiting, ZHOU Ling
2026(1):146-155
Abstract:
With the rapid development of China’s inland waterway transportation,the increasing number of large-scale ship lock projects with ultra-high heads has made energy dissipater performance a core concern in their design and operation.This study focuses on a four-section outflow cover-plate energy dissipation ship lock characterized by a single-stage head of 40.25 m and chamber dimensions of 265 m × 34 m (length × width).A three-dimensional turbulent flow mathematical model is established,employing the RNG k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) method to simulate hydraulic characteristics during lock filling process.The investigation analyzes three-dimensional flow fields in the chamber,flow distribution through top branch orifices,and energy dissipation mechanisms of cover plates.The results demonstrate that water enters the chamber through top branch orifices as high-velocity jets.During initial filling stages,jet velocities decrease along the flow direction from the longitudinal corridor inlet.When flow rates exceed 100 m3/s,jet velocities progressively increase along the path,with increasingly uneven velocity distribution among top orifices,and the maximum velocity ratio between initial and terminal outflow orifices reaches 1.75.The cover plates effectively reduce jet velocities through obstruction and energy dissipation,with primary energy dissipation concentrated in confined spaces formed between top orifices and cover plates.These findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of cover plate structures on jet flow control and energy dissipation,providing technical references for water conveyance system design in similar ultra-high head and large-scale ship locks.
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XIONG Rui, JIANG Tao, YU Zhongtao, LUO Yanqing, FAN Hongxia
2026(1):156-163
Abstract:
To address the constraints of limited space and the complex construction and operational environment at Huai’an East Ship Lock,the study on its layout is conducted using mathematical and physical modeling.The research comprehensively considered multiple factors,including traffic capacity,the impact on flood and embankment stability of the general channel for irrigation and the Huaihe River estuary waterway,as well as navigation flow conditions.The results show that the upstream separation levee should adopt a uniform porous structure with 67% porosity,while the downstream separation levee requires a gradual transition porous structure with 8%-25% porosity.Moreover,after the width of the upstream entrance area is increased to 112.5 m,the navigation water flow conditions meet the requirements.The main and auxiliary navigation walls adopt an empty box structure and a plastic concrete diaphragm wall anti-seepage structure,which can effectively reduce the occupation of flood discharge area.After dredging 103,000 and 360,000 m3 of flood discharge compensation measures in the upstream and downstream respectively,the impact of ship lock construction on the flood discharge of the main channel and the sea channel can be basically eliminated.The research results can provide reference and guidance for the layout and safe operation of similar ship locks.
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LU Yinyin, XU Jun, LIU Mingwei, YU Fengtai, HUANG Delu, WANG Honglin, XIANG Zhouyu, WU Linjian
2026(1):164-172
Abstract:
During the operation of ship locks,the triangular gates may experience abnormal vibrations during the water discharge process due to stress concentration,wear,and hidden faults in the supporting components.These vibrations pose a serious threat to the operational safety and structural durability of the gates.However,the stress characteristics of the triangular gates and their supporting components during the water discharge process are not fully understood.This study focuses on the triangular gates of a certain ship lock in our country,establishing a three-dimensional finite element numerical model based on the geometric dimensions of its prototype structure.Using numerical simulation methods,the study analyzes the load response characteristics of the triangular gates and their supporting components under different water level differences during the water discharge process.It reveals the stress distribution patterns between the gate leaf and the supporting components and clarifies the key sensitive areas and their stress response relationships.The results indicate that typical stress-sensitive areas exist in lock gates and supporting components.By measuring the characteristic response parameters from these stress-sensitive areas,the correlation between the leaf and the top pivot,as well as between the leaf and the bottom pivot,has been quantified.This allows for the preliminary dynamic assessment of the operational status of concealed supporting components (such as the bottom pivot) through real-time monitoring of response parameters (e.g.,stress,strain,vibration acceleration,etc.) in the stress-sensitive areas of the gate leaf and top pivot.The findings provide a theoretical basis for real-time monitoring of the operational status of triangular gates in navigation locks,contributing to the advancement of intelligent operation and maintenance in lock engineering.
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TANG Fengjian, WANG Kai, YAN Xia
2026(1):173-180
Abstract:
In addressing the uncertainties regarding the laws of riverbed erosion-deposition,flow division ratio,and river channel volume changes before and after the implementation of the west waterway of Tongzhou Sand Shoal regulation project within the comprehensive regulation of the Chengtong Reach in the lower Yangtze River,and the need to ensure the safe operation of the 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel,we integrate riverbed evolution analysis and project impact assessment methodologies to systematically study the impacts of the west waterway regulation project (from 2011 to 2016) on the channel flow distribution pattern,erosion-deposition distribution,and volume variation relying on measured hydrological and topographic data from 2010 to 2023.The results reveal that the regulation project has effectively curbed the atrophy trend of the west waterway,stabilized the head of Tongzhou Sand Shoal,transformed the middle reach from a wide-shallow morphology into a single deep channel,and increased the flow division ratio to a stable range of 10%-12%.However,current siltation in the inlet and lower reaches restricts inflow conditions,leading to a slow overall silting trend in the west waterway.This trend currently exerts no significant adverse effects on the operation of the 12.5 m deepwater channel.The research outcomes provide field-measured data support for navigation channel maintenance in Chengtong Reach and effectiveness evaluation of similar river engineering regulation projects.It is recommended to enhance monitoring of sediment deposition in the inlet section and optimize the dredging scheme to maintain channel flow capacity in future practices.
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QI Lianyong, YANG Yuping, LI Qiusheng
2026(1):181-188
Abstract:
Since September 2018,the persistent operation of the Xinglong Hub below the dead water level has significantly altered the navigation conditions of the new estuary reach,resulting in frequent occurrences of navigation obstruction phenomena.To address the problem,we employ comprehensive data analysis and comparative research methodologies to analyze the variations in flow-sediment characteristics under abnormal hub operations on the basis of hydrological data of Huangzhuang and Shayang stations in Hanjiang River,along with measured topographic data of the new estuary reach.We further elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which these changes contribute to navigation obstruction risks.The results demonstrate that prolonged low-water-level operation of the Xinglong Hub has led to insufficient channel depth near the new estuary sluice.Furthermore,constrained by both channel morphology and upstream flow-sediment conditions,accumulated sediment cannot be effectively transported downstream,resulting in frequent navigation obstructions during dry seasons.Through the implementation of river channel regulation and targeted dredging projects,the beach-trough pattern can be effectively improved,navigation safety during the dry season can be ensured,and the collaborative improvement of waterway governance and ecological stability can be achieved.
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DU Shengkang, ZHAO Chong, RUAN Qiangbei, ZHONG Huanyu, KANG Ting, YAN Pu
2026(1):189-200
Abstract:
Based on the dredging project of south Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,combined with short-term and long-term on-site monitoring,the restoration effects of water quality,sediment and aquatic biodiversity in the river after backhoe dredging are investigated.The results show that the backhoe dredging operation increases the turbidity of the water body by 6.3%,and the turbidity at some points return to the pre-dredging level within 2 hours after the operation.The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen slightly increase after the operation,but none of them exceed the relevant standard limits.The concentrations of total phosphorus,pH value and dissolved oxygen remaine basically unchanged during the operation.Dredging helps remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment,and the reduction effects of 60.2% and 29.6% are maintained half a year after the operation.Although dredging leads to a decrease in the density and biomass of planktonic and benthic organisms,the biomass and biodiversity of planktonic and benthic organisms have been restored half a year after the operation,and the biomass of planktonic organisms even exceeds the pre-dredging level.The research results can provide a reference for the environmental protection design of canal dredging projects.
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XIAO Yuhua, GAO Pan, AN Xiaogang
2026(1):201-208
Abstract:
When ships pass through the ship lock,there may be damage to the ship lock facilities such as mooring columns and miter gates due to behaviors such as overspeed and line crossing,as well as adverse effects such as obstruction by hydraulic structures and unstable vessel traffic services(VTS) signals in the ship lock chamber.The safety supervision in the ship lock chamber mainly relies on manual work,and there are certain deficiencies in the intelligence,timeliness,and accuracy of ship safety supervision,which increase the safety risks of ships in the ship lock chamber.We aim to solve the above problems by studying the monitoring of the passing ship overspeed and line crossing on the basis of ship recognition models and radar speed measurement principles.Through theoretical derivation,we propose a layout plan and calculation approach for ship overspeed and line crossing monitoring devices,and put forward an intelligent monitoring design for overspeed and line crossing in ship lock chambers,which has been successfully applied in the Gezhouba ship lock.The results indicate that intelligent monitoring can effectively monitor potential risks such as overspeed and line crossing of the passing ships,with a warning accuracy rate of over 99.5%,effectively reducing ship lock safety risks.
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YIN Jun, ZHAO Qingxi, ZHANG Zhujun, HUANG Feng, ZHU Yan, MA Yongping
2026(1):209-216
Abstract:
Gravity dock slope excavation is characterized by extensive excavation areas and prolonged construction periods.Traditional terminal displacement warning methods are difficult to achieve differentiated stability assessments across various stages of the long excavation period.As a static mechanical evaluation model,the limit equilibrium analysis method requires precise physical and mechanical property indices of the slope.However,when environmental or construction factors significantly influence the dock slope during excavation,the model becomes further distorted,exhibiting notable limitations.Based on this,this study establishes a multi-level dynamic early warning system for dock slopes.The system employs automated monitoring devices to conduct remote,automatic,and real-time monitoring of dock slopes,followed by similarity analysis of time-series data to identify abnormal environmental and construction factors during excavation.On this basis,the system invokes the PLAXIS interface for stability evaluation at each excavation stage,enabling multi-level dynamic warnings for gravity dock slopes.During the excavation of a dock slope in Zhoushan,the multi-level dynamic warning system accurately identified abnormal environmental factors,dynamically adjusted initial geotechnical physical-mechanical parameters,achieving advanced prediction of slope displacement and excavation stability at all levels,guiding construction personnel to protect in a timely manner,avoiding economic losses and casualties.This system provides new evaluation methods and advanced prediction directions for dock slope disaster prediction.
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MIN Xiaofei, HAN Yue, LI Mingwei, WANG Yutian
2026(1):217-226
Abstract:
A study on real-time monitoring method based on digital twin and video fusion is carried on to address key technical challenges in real-time monitoring of surface flow pattern in channels,such as difficulty in fusing multi-source information,insufficient accuracy in correcting geometric distortions in videos,and inaccurate dynamic mapping of 3D scenes.By developing panoramic real-time video surveillance coupling technology,the compatibility problem of heterogeneous device data is solved,and the video stream access delay is reduced to less than 0.5 s.By developing an intelligent fusion algorithm for surface flow monitoring videos,the pixel level matching error between monitoring images and 3D scenes is achieved with less than 0.1 pixels.On-site testing of the surface flow state intelligent perception system is carried out in the Three Gorges channel of the Yangtze River,achieving an automatic recognition accuracy of 95.3% for typical flow states such as rapids and backflow,and controlling the flow velocity measurement error within ±0.05 m/s.The results indicate that the proposed intelligent fusion algorithm and system architecture significantly improve the real-time and accuracy of channel flow monitoring,providing reliable technical support for navigation safety management under complex hydrological conditions.
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SHE Xiwu, WANG Qiongyu, LOU Xueqian, HU Zhenhua, LIU Yan, GAO Liu
2026(1):227-233
Abstract:
There are very few studies on breccia geology at present.On the basis of the results of axial compression static load tests of two steel pipe piles in Yantian Port,we apply finite element method and hyperbolic fitting method to study the bearing capacity of large-diameter steel pipe piles in breccia geology.The results show that the load-settlement (Q-s) curves are basically linearly elastic when the loads of SZ1 and SZ2 test piles are less than 12 687.5 and 5 862.5 kN respectively.By the finite element method,the compressive ultimate bearing capacity obtained by the SZ1 and SZ2 test piles according to the code has a surplus of 61% and 71% respectively compared with the design requirements,and the compressive ultimate bearing capacity obtained according to the project technical specification has a surplus of 122% and 90% respectively compared with the design requirements.The elastic modulus,friction angle,dilation angle,and cohesion yield stress of fully weathered breccia,strong weathered breccia,and middle weathered breccia which obtained by using the finite element method and test results can better reflect the geotechnical properties of this project,and can be used to supplement geographic exploration data and optimize pile length.
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SUN Yindong, ZHANG Heng, LIU Yajun, WU Ke, XU Wenbin, LU Haijun
2026(1):234-240
Abstract:
To address the lack of accurate evaluation methods for the mechanical properties of remolded soils with varying structural levels,this study adopts a combined cement-salt particle modification technique to prepare artificially structured specimens.Samples with different cement contents (0%,2%,3%,4%,and 5%) are subjected to consolidated undrained triaxial tests to systematically investigate their stress-strain characteristics and shear strength evolution laws at different structural levels.The results show that with the increase of cement content,the peak strength and initial stiffness of the soil are significantly improved.The stress-strain curves transition from strain-hardening to strain-softening,indicating a shift from plastic to brittle behavior as structure increases.Peak strength increases linearly with confining pressure,while the initial modulus increases with the power function of the confining pressure and is linearly related to cement content.Based on the above experimental results,a comprehensive stress-strain mathematical model is constructed by integrating the Duncan-Chang model with the exponential softening stage.The model has high fitting accuracy (R2＞0.99) and can accurately describe the mechanical properties of soil under various conditions.For practical applications,a cement content of 3%-4% is recommended to balance strength enhancement and brittleness control.This work provides theoretical support for the constitutive modeling and foundation improvement of structured marine soft soil.
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2026(1):241-247
Abstract:
The foundation soil in a certain channel of the Yangtze River Estuary is generally deep soft clay,which is prone to strength weakening under wave cyclic loadings,affecting the safety and stability of hydraulic structures.Static triaxial tests and dynamic triaxial tests under cyclic loading are conducted for three typical sections of soft clay in the channel of the Yangtze River Estuary.The strength and deformation weakening characteristics of the foundation soil under actual wave loadings are studied.The experimental results show that wave cyclic loadings have a significant impact on the strength and deformation characteristics of the undisturbed foundation soil in the channel of the Yangtze River Estuary.There is a clear weakening phenomenon in the strength and deformation parameters,The maximum deviatoric stress of the foundation soil in the undrained shear test decreases by 9% to 20%,the dynamic elastic modulus decreases by 5% to 14%,and the undrained shear line modulus Eu，1% decreases by up to 36%.The influence of foundation soil weakening needs to be considered during the operation of hydraulic structures.Through comparison,it is found that the consolidation process of foundation soil can significantly improve strength,reduce deformation,and reduce the impact of cyclic loading on strength weakening,thereby enhancing the bearing capacity of hydraulic structures' foundations.The research results can provide reference and basis for the design,construction,and resilience improvement of hydraulic structures in the channel of the Yangtze River Estuary.
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DOU Yimin, LIANG Zelong, WU Jiangnan, LIN Junzhi, WU Baocong, LI Meihao
2026(1):248-256
Abstract:
The smear effect induced by plastic drainage board installation significantly impacts soft ground improvement,yet the influence of pile boot type on the smear zone remains unclear.In this study,transparent soil and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques are used to establish a “sand-over-clay” layered foundation model.Visualization tests are conducted with five pile boot types (circular/irregular/triangular cross-section stick,plate-type,and duckbill-less circular) under varying insertion depths.The research show that：1） The smear zone comprises a strong smear zone and a weak smear zone.Within the strong smear zone (0d-4d,d represents diametre of the sleeve),the lateral soil displacement attenuation rate reaches 75%/d.In contrast,the weak smear zone exhibits an attenuation rate of ＜5%/d.2) For dredged slurry and coastal silt,the strong smear zone consistently extends to 4d regardless of pile boot type.However,the weak smear zone ranges from 7d to 10d depending on boot geometry,with irregular stick boots reaching 10d and circular boots limited to 7d.3) When insertion depth increases from 10d to 14d,the weak smear zone expands from 6d to 9.5d,while the relative displacement u/d (u represents soil horizontal displacement) within the strong smear zone increase 0.04.The research provides quantitative criteria for selecting pile boots and assessing smear effects in engineering practice.
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LIU Libin, XIE Jun, ZHANG Xi, XIE Jinbo
2026(1):257-264
Abstract:
As global climate issues intensify,society is paying more attention to low-carbon development.Carbon accounting is crucial for achieving carbon peaking and neutrality,with carbon emission calculation being a key part.Land reclamation projects,known for their large scale and large engineering volume,have significant carbon emissions.As one of its core structures,the steel cylinder is of great significance for carbon emission measurement.This study uses the carbon emission factor method to calculate and analyze carbon emissions during the construction stage of a steel cylinder island-wall structure in a certain project.It also compares these emissions with those of slope-type and bucket-foundation breakwaters.The results show that carbon emissions during the construction phase of steel cylinders mainly come from materials,accounting for 94%,and steel is the main source of carbon emissions.Indirect emissions from material use are higher than direct emissions.Transport ships and crane ships rank among the top two in terms of carbon emissions in ship machinery equipment.The carbon emissions per meter of the main material for the steel cylinder breakwater structure are 77 t,which is higher than the 69 t of slope-type breakwaters but lower than the 103.5 t of bucket-foundation breakwaters.This study provides a scientific basis for the formulation of engineering carbon reduction strategies and helps promote the development of land reclamation projects towards low-carbon direction.
2026 Issue 1
Perspective
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Information Technology
Ground and Foundation
Construction
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
