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WANG Shuai, DENG Yujing, LIU Yaming, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Liyuan
2025(5):1-7
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal project construction scale is huge,involving many specialties,integration and coordination are difficult.On the basis of the canal waterway route demonstration,plane layout optimization and other key content,applications of building information modeling(BIM),geographic information system(GIS),oblique photography and other digital technology means in the project planning stage are explored.In addition,some technical difficulties such as multi-scale and multi-precision data matching and coordinate system transformation of spatial data are studied,and multi-source data fusion and information model construction are realized.At the same time,the application of the digital technology is dug deep into the planning scheme selection,information integration browsing,simulation,virtual roaming etc,and project pre-stage decision optimization and quality effect are assigned.
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YUAN Heping, PAN Haitao, LYU Xiaolong, GAO Chengyan
2025(5):8-12
Abstract:
The canal route and cascade scheme are major technical schemes for a canal project,and it is necessary to make multi-factor comparison and selection,dimensional demonstration,and multi-objective decision-making research.In view of Pinglu Canal channel route and cascade layout quantity problems,during the preliminary research and demonstration process of the project,extreme optimization research is conducted on the cascade scheme from aspects of guarantee of water resource and comprehensive utilization,comprehensive development adaptability,flood control safety and along-the-way leakage,traffic efficiency and capacity,land occupation and ecological environmental protection,engineering technical difficulty,engineering investment,etc.After research and demonstration,the extreme optimized cascade scheme and route is not recommended,and the recommended scheme is a three-tier ladder scheme.
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2025(5):13-22
Abstract:
The horizontal twin-plate breakwater is an advanced permeable structure.Since the wave energy is mainly concentrated on the surface of water body,the breakwater structure can be designed accordingly to realize the function of wave reduction.Based on FLUENT platform,the numerical simulation method is used to compare the action results of five kinds of wave with different incident period,and the wave reduction characteristics and wave pressure distribution of horizontal twin-plate structure are studied.The results demonstrate the structure's effective wave reduction within the tested range,revealing the relationship between the structure's wave reduction efficiency and the relative plate width.Additionally,the wave pressure distribution on the structure's surface at representative time points is analyzed,establishing a connection with the relative plate width.The study of the flow field morphology around the structure provides insights into the wave reduction mechanisms at play.
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LIU Tao, PENG Shuhua, HU Fang, JIANG Fengyi, YI Qiaoqiao, HU Yu
2025(5):23-31
Abstract:
To address the issues of accelerating the formation and improvement of the overall layout of the national high-grade waterway and building a golden waterway for the whole basin,this paper analyzes the development logic of the Yangtze River shipping communication project,summarizes the experience of canal development and construction at home and abroad,and comprehensively analyzes the development ideas of the Yangtze River shipping communication project.The research indicates that promoting the Yangtze River shipping communication project should adhere to the principles of watershed perspective,overall planning,based on the current and long-term,geographical proximity,safety and reliability,moderate advancement,and economic applicability.Ten navigation communication projects are proposed to create an overall waterway pattern of “three horizontal，five vertical and two rings”in the Yangtze River system,which is conducive to maximizing the value of shipping and sharing water resources across time and space.Relevant work suggestions are proposed from the aspects of orderly promotion of classification,factor resource guarantee,major technology reserve,pilot demonstration and so on.
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2025(5):32-37
Abstract:
Aiming at the impact of waves passing over submerged breakwater on the wave height behind the breakwater,the physical model experiment method is employed to investigate the effects of relative submergence depth,relative crest width,slope gradients of the front and back slopes,and wave steepness on the transmission coefficient of the submerged breakwater under irregular wave action.Based on the experimental data,a formula for calculating the transmission coefficient of submerged breakwater under irregular wave conditions is fitted.The results show that the transmission coefficient decreases with increasing relative submergence depth,relative crest width,or wave steepness.When the slope gradients are within the range of 1:1.0 to 1:2.5,the front and back slope gradients have almost no effect on the transmission coefficient of the submerged breakwater.A comparison between the fitted formula and commonly used empirical formulas shows that the fitted formula can calculate the transmission coefficient of submerged breakwater well.
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XU Jianwu, LI Dahua, GE Haobo, ZHANG Jun
2025(5):38-43
Abstract:
Aiming at the lack of temporary wharf in the assembly and transportation of hydraulic lifting drilling platforms in the port exploration stage in remote overseas areas,this paper takes a port project in West Africa as an example.Through on-site survey and market survey,a gravity-type temporary wharf design scheme with old containers as the main structure is proposed according to local conditions.The article expounds its design ideas and structural characteristics,and uses the finite element model to calculate and analyze the strength of the container structure,ensuring its safety and reliability.Through engineering practice,the construction of temporary wharf is convenient,simple and practical.It successfully solves the problem of drilling platform transportation,and achieves the expected purpose,which has certain reference value.
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2025(5):44-48
Abstract:
The riverbanks of mountainous rivers are steep,the river cross-section is narrow,and the water level fluctuates greatly.In view of problems such as long shoreline,large amount of earthwork and high project investment,we propose a wharf planar layout type combined steps with S-shaped ramp,which can meet the daily travel needs of mountainous residents and the transportation of production and living materials,and overcome the shortcomings of conventional car-driven ramp wharf.The comparison of engineering examples shows that the wharf layout with steps combined with S-shaped ramp is more adaptable to the terrain characteristics of mountainous rivers.The wharf layout can effectively reduce the occupation of shoreline and the amount of excavation and backfill of earth,reduce the difficulty of construction,and save project investment.
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WANG Quan, YU Jingrui, CHEN Zhe
2025(5):49-54
Abstract:
The high-piled wharf can accommodate the feature of large water level differences in inland rivers by establishing multiple levels of mooring platforms,which usually adopts steel structures.To the problems of susceptibility to corrosion and high construction and maintenance costs of steel structures,this paper takes the mooring platform structure of the high-piled wharf as the research object and conducts a comparative study of steel structures and optimized concrete structures.By using finite element analysis software for three-dimensional modeling,the stress conditions of the beams and pile foundations are analyzed,and the investments of the two structures are compared.The results show that the optimized concrete structures can increase the integrity of the mooring structure at the front edge of the wharf platform,effectively reduce the maximum bending moment of the pile foundations,and the structure is more favorable.However,the bending moment and shear force of the beams have increased to a certain extent.The optimized concrete structure can significantly lower the project cost and reduce the subsequent maintenance efforts.
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2025(5):55-62
Abstract:
In China,the existing liquefied natural gas（LNG）terminals in coastal areas mainly meet the loading and unloading requirements for imported LNG carriers,and rarely have the function of reverse loading and unloading of bunkering ships.In order to make intensive use of shoreline resources and reduce project investment,we transform the existing large LNG terminal to meet the berthing and bunkering operation of small bunkering ships,as a scientific and reasonable solution.Taking the transformation of a LNG terminal in Zhejiang Province to increase the bunkering function as an example,we study the center distance of the berthing pier,the applicability of the operation range of the loading and unloading arm joint,and the arrangement of the mooring line,compare the relevant process parameters of the hull with the calculated values of the code,and analyze and verify the adaptability of the unloading arm operation envelope to the hull and wharf structures under different working conditions.Then we use the OPTIMOOR mooring software to simulate the degree of freedom and mooring force of different tonnage ships under different working conditions and environmental conditions.Finally,we propose a solution which adds a berthing facility with a spacing of 32 m,adds a variable diameter pipe assembly,a shore guide cable,a number of cables and other facilities,and appropriately raises the wind and wave height berthing standard according to different wind directions.
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2025(5):63-70
Abstract:
Based on the classification and statistical analysis of the water traffic accidents in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River trunk line over the years,and in response to the frequent occurrence of water traffic accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the reach near the dam,multiple factors such as traffic conditions,shoreline conditions,planning conditions and land use conditions are analyzed.Fuguang Wharf in Zigui County is selected to build the first emergency salvage base in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.The water terminal adopts the vertical type to meet the needs of the large water level difference in the reservoir area and the berthing of ships at different water levels.The land area is equipped with training sites and supporting buildings for easy standby of rescue personnel.Modular salvage equipment is used to provide equipment and technical support for fast and professional rescue and salvage.After the completion of the project,the shipping safety of the Three Gorges Reservoir area can be guaranteed,and the emergency handling capacity and the rapid response capacity of emergency salvage can be improved.
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LIU Yuanping, LIU Chunfeng, CHEN Weiliang, CHEN Kaikai
2025(5):71-79
Abstract:
In view of problems of making full use of the irregular terrain of the project to meet the multifunctional demands and optimize the project investment etc.,a study on coal yard design for bulk cargo wharf in Huanghua Port is carried out.Through the analysis for whole project function needs,the full use of irregular terrain is realized by adopting the same-side access to the yard;the two-way operation of the belt conveyor connected with the bucket wheel stacker and reclaimer is realized by adopting the cross double-tailed vehicle;the demand for different conveying capacity of the belt conveyor is realized by adopting the intelligent control of frequency conversion drive technology;the function of coal screening is realized by adopting the stockpiling machine with the roller screen.All needs are effectively met.The project achieves the expected results.
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YU Tao, DENG Menglong, WEN Zhiyu, LI Shunchao, HE Xi
2025(5):80-86
Abstract:
Spur dikes are widely used as regulating structures in inland waterway regulation projects,but their damage phenomenon is very common.Natural water flow is basically unsteady,and different unsteady conditions have different impacts on local scour around spur dikes.The RNGk-ε turbulence model and VOF (volume of fluid) model in FLOW-3D are used to study the effect of unsteady water flow on local scour around spur dikes.The results show that increasing flow variability increases the length and width of the scour hole and the maximum scour depth at the head of the dam,and will also causes the scour width to reach the critical width more quickly.The number of flood peaks affects the formation process of the maximum depth of the scour hole,and the later the flood peak appears,the smaller the development rate of the maximum scour depth.The length and area of the scour hole are not significantly related to the number of flood peaks,but the greater the number of flood peaks,the faster the scour hole width will reach the critical value.The longer the duration of the flood,the slower the rate of increase of the maximum depth of the scour hole,which eventually reaches the critical value.The longer the flood duration,the larger the length and area of the washout pit,and the later the width of the washout pit reaches the critical value.The research results can provide technical support for maintaining the stability of spur dikes during flooding.
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DONG Xizhong, WANG Jiao, CHEN Liang
2025(5):87-95
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems such as uneven distribution of the approach channel along the lateral and heavy load on ships in the berthing section when the downstream approach channel of ship lock is arranged asymmetrically,the water level fluctuation characteristics,surface flow field structure and ship stress characteristics in the downstream approach channel during the unsteady flow of ship lock are studied.Based on a typical ship lock project,the whole hydraulic physical model of ship lock with a scale of 1:30 is studied.The test results show that,in view of the overall layout of the asymmetric approach channel,the combined arrangement of the sill in the discharge channel should also be asymmetric,so as to adjust the transverse shunt ratio in the approach channel,and the sill should not be too close to the drainage outlet,so as to avoid the flow blocking effect.Under the premise of not producing backflow,appropriate reduction of the side flow of the berthing section can significantly improve the conditions of the ship's berthing stability.The research results can provide reference for the design and research of energy dissipator of ship lock approach channel and outlet.
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DENG Fengchang, LI Ziwei, YANG Zhiyan
2025(5):96-102
Abstract:
During the construction period of west sluice of Suzhou River in the Wusong River project,a open diversion channel navigation method is adopted.There are many unfavorable factors such as bridge with piers in water,pump gates,high voltage iron tower,and bends in the upstream and downstream of the channel,making the navigation conditions complex.To ensure the safety of ship navigation and analyze the adaptability of water flow conditions in open diversion channel to ship navigation,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model is established using numerical simulation calculation methods.The flow state of water flow under various working conditions during construction is analyzed and calculated,with a focus on verifying the navigation water flow conditions in open diversion channel,upstream and downstream bridge areas,bends and other high-risk navigation sections.The results show that the flow conditions of the open diversion channel meet the regulatory requirements and are feasible for navigation.The relevant analysis provides a basis for the layout of open channel routes,determination of navigation technical parameters,and setting of navigation support facilities.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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LIU Yan, FAN Shugang, YANG Xiangfei
2025(5):103-110
Abstract:
Since the Three Gorges Reservoir was impounded to 175 meters,the conditions of the navigation channel in the upper reservoir section of the Yangtze River have been greatly improved.However,the navigation channel in the tail section of the reservoir still has many reef obstruction problems during the flood season.Remedial measures need to be taken to improve navigation conditions.Taking Heshangtan,a staggered rapids in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from Fuling to Fengdu,as an example,aiming at the problem of navigation obstruction during the flood season,the causes and characteristics of navigation obstruction are analyzed by collecting actual measurement data and combining it with a two-dimensional water flow mathematical model.On this basis,corresponding rectification plans are proposed and the rectification effects are analyzed.The results show that by taking remedial measures to remove the reefs at Heshangtan on the right bank and Guojiazui on the left bank,adverse flow pattern problems such as rapid flow speed in the flood season at Heshangtan strong cross currents at the front of the reefs,and strong backflow behind the reefs can be effectively improved.The research results can provide technical support for the improvement of the staggered-mouth rapids in the tail section of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
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XIE Wei, WANG Xiaoming, ZHU Yujun, CHANG Bo
2025(5):111-115
Abstract:
The Three Gorges Reservoir's water storage operation has led to a riverbed reshaping process in the Jingjiang River section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,resulting in significant scouring and silting adjustments of the riverbed.The Majiazhai Waterway,as one of key waterways,requires a comprehensive analysis of its riverbed evolution to understand changes in navigation conditions.We utilize the prototype observation data from the Majiazhai Waterway over the years to conduct a comprehensive analysis.The results indicate that the waterway has a single channel with a relatively narrow main channel,offering favorable navigation conditions.The scouring caused by the clear water discharge from the Three Gorges Reservoir is continuously developing.For the foreseeable future,this river section will continue to exhibit characteristics of scouring as the main change.Under normal hydrological years,the scouring will be slow,and during years with major floods,the right bank beach may experience scouring and downstream movement,with the tail end being dispersed.However,due to the limited river width and the limited scale of the beach,the impact of scouring on the river channel and navigation is generally controllable.
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2025(5):116-121
Abstract:
To the problem of excessive water level variation in the upstream approach channel during the irrigation time of the Three Gorges ship lock when the upstream water level of the Three Gorges ship lift is below 150 m,this paper studies the relationship between the water level of the upper lock of the Three Gorges ship lift and the irrigation time of the Three Gorges ship lock.Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation methods are used to study the variation law of the water level at the upper lock of the Three Gorges ship lift after the wave superposition in the irrigation approach channel of the north and south lines of the Three Gorges ship lock.The mathematical relationship between the maximum water level change at the upper lock head of the Three Gorges ship lift and the double-line irrigation time of the Three Gorges ship lock is obtained,and the early warning method for the upstream water level of the ship lift is proposed.By comparing the actual data with the theoretical prediction and calculating the error value,the accuracy results of the prediction model are obtained.The results show that the early warning method of upstream water level of the ship lift established by the prediction model can provide reference for the safe operation of the ship lift.
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YANG Feng, ZHOU Jieyuan, YE Yasi, TANG Yuyuan, PENG Houde, LIU Qian
2025(5):122-128
Abstract:
To constraints of the existing double line ship locks on the third-line ship lock of Changsha hub,and complex boundary conditions (roads,existing ship locks,control buildings,etc.),this study conducts comprehensive comparisons including dam site selection,ship lock axis arrangement,and layout optimization.The navigation conditions at entrance areas and connecting segments are validated through experiments.By comparing straight entrance-curved exit layout with curved entrance-straight exit layout,the straight entrance-curved exit scheme is identified as optimal.It is proposed that the layout selection should integrate multiple factors:land utilization,surrounding constraints,hydraulic conditions,implementation feasibility,lock transit efficiency,interference with existing ship locks,and investment costs.The existing resources should be fully utilized in combination with the engineering practice to reduce the engineering investment and give consideration to the convenience of engineering construction and operation management.The general layout scheme and related technical measures of the ship lock have reference significance for the layout of multi-line ship locks with complex surrounding environment.
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2025(5):129-135
Abstract:
Based on the foundation construction of an approach bridge for a coastal wharf project in Zhoushan Port area of Ningbo,this study focuses on the construction challenges of pile foundations for the approach bridge in areas with weak overburden layers,an in-depth study is conducted on the pile stabilization technology of artificial crushed stone bedding layers.By constructing an artificial crushed stone bedding layer,the bearing capacity of the weak foundation can be improved,the stability of the pile foundations can be enhanced，and the safety and reliability of the approach bridge structure can be ensured.The bearing capacity of artificial crushed stone bedding layers with varying thicknesses under different loading conditions is analyzed by combining field tests and numerical simulations,and the feasibility of this process is verified through engineering examples.The results show that the artificial crushed stone bedding layer can effectively improve the bearing capacity of weak foundations,significantly enhance the stability of pile foundations,meet engineering design requirements,and provide valuable references for similar projects.
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2025(5):136-140
Abstract:
This study focuses on the vibro-replacement stone columns composite foundation treatment scheme adopted for the Jiangxi Xinjiang Shuanggang navigation lock due to limited excavation scope.Numerical simulations are conducted using the finite element method based on the elastoplastic constitutive model,and a comparative analysis is performed with actual observation data.The research investigates the application of vibro-replacement stone columns composite foundation in navigation lock engineering,with emphasis on analyzing the settlement control effect of the stone columns composite foundation.Through the finite element model calculations,the settlement of the composite foundation is obtained and compared with field observation data.The research conclusions indicate that the settlement calculated using the finite element method has a linear negative correlation with the elastic modulus of the composite foundation soil.Increasing the elastic modulus of the composite foundation soil can effectively reduce the settlement.The measured settlement is in good agreement with the model calculated using the field plate load modulus.
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2025(5):141-148
Abstract:
For the design of the section and structure of the sloping breakwater,the calculation formulas and methods recommended by the current industry code mainly come from the actual project investigation and statistical data,the related model test data,and the foreign related research results,etc.,which are universal and instructive.However,there are no detailed provisions on the relevant contents such as sea-floor gradient and sudden change of water depth in front of the sloping breakwater,and the offshore wave elements are greatly affected by terrain and water depth,especially in the complex seabed terrain such as reef-plate,because of the complexity of wave motion,the conventional design method is not applicable.In this paper,the design cross sections of sloping levees in different seabed topography are verified by physical model tests,the differences between the design code and the model test results are compared and analyzed from the aspects of the structure of the protective face,the prisms of the protective feet,the overtopping volume and the stability of the breast wall,and relevant suggestions are given,which can provide references for similar projects.
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KOU Xiaoqiang, LYU Yingxue, FANG Yuhang, LI Danxun
2025(5):149-155
Abstract:
The long-distance flotation of large-scale immersed tubes has consistently posed a substantial challenge in the construction of immersed tube tunnel projects.The Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link's immersed tube,for instance,necessitates a flotation distance of 50 km,which involves multiple channel transitions and faces huge construction risks.Physical model tests are carried out to examine the floating posture of the immersed tube under high-speed conditions.The in-situ measurement of immersed tubes' trim attitude is carried out in the construction of Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link.The results show that the maximum pitch angle of immersed tube can reach 0.27° at a floating speed of 5.12 kn in physical model tests.When following waves,the maximum pitch angle at the same floating speed decreases to 0.16°,and a notable water uplift phenomenon occurs at the top of the immersed tube during this phase.The actual measurement data align generally with the trends observed in the physical model tests.At an actual ship speed of 4.25 kn on-site,the measured maximum pitch angle of the immersed tube is 0.19°,affirming the conclusions derived from physical model tests.
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FENG Xiandao, HE Cong, LIN Hongxing, ZHONG Jun, ZHU Yingtao
2025(5):156-162
Abstract:
n the installation of superstructure of high-piled wharf,the traditional floating lifting process has problems such as poor adaptability to harsh sea conditions and low level of equipment intelligence.Relying on the berth 3 project of Dafeng Port Phase III General Wharf in Yancheng Port,Jiangsu Province,the rapid installation technology for superstructure of high-piled wharf based on intelligent installation platform has been developed.The application results show that the installation platform has high wave resistance in open sea areas,and has the functions of quickly installing prefabricated longitudinal and transverse beams,berthing components,prefabricated panels,and assisting cast-in-place pile caps.The automation level of component installation is improved,with a plane accuracy of ±1 cm,the installation efficiency is improved by 42% on average,the number of operators is reduced by 58%,and the full-coverage and streaming installation of prefabricated components is realised.This technology promotes the superstructure installation of high-piled wharf to industrialisation,intelligence,green and low-carbon progress,and the application effect is remarkable.
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LIU Hang, WANG Xiwei, LIU Hao, LI Jinfeng, FENG Shijia
2025(5):163-168
Abstract:
In response to the problem of large errors in traditional cutter positioning methods,a high-precision cutter positioning method is studied taking the channel slope construction of a dredging project abroad as an example.The high requirements for slopes in foreign dredging projects have made it difficult for the traditional cutter positioning method to continue,resulting in a significant decrease in construction efficiency and an increase in labor and material costs.By using the methods of the error analysis of the cutter plane system and the verification of ship plane positioning,error analysis and verification of cutter excavation depth system,and cutter envelope digging correction,through theoretical calculations and effectiveness verification,a high-precision cutter positioning method for a cutter suction dredger based on channel slope excavation is summarized,which greatly improves the accuracy and quality of slope construction.The results can accelerate the implementation and popularization of automatic dredging systems,providing reference for high-precision construction of similar cutter suction dredgers.
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TAO Zongheng, TANG Wei, LI Chuan, ZHANG Wenhao, LI Xingling, DANG Wengang
2025(5):169-176
Abstract:
In view of problems of low breaking efficiency and serious wear of hammer head when using drilling + rock drilling (DRD) rock breaking process to deal with extremely solid rock on the seabed of a certain anchorage,simulation and engineering tests on the effect of rock breaking on extremely solid rock under different drilling spacing are carried out.The development process of internal stress damage and the breaking effect under different pore placement parameters are analyzed.The results show that when DRD removes extremely solid rock from the seabed,the best rock breaking effect is achieved by using a 35 t axe type rock drill hammer to break the rock mass at a 0.4 m×0.5 m（width×length）drilling spacing.Influenced by the shape of the hammer head and the airspace,the internal stress of the rock mass spreads to the two sides of the parallel hammer head,the side of the airspace,and the deep part,forming a damage area dominated by tensile and tension-shear damages.Compared with the square hole placement scheme,the rectangular hole placement scheme significantly enlarges the damage range and has better rock-breaking effect.
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XUE Wushen, DENG Huagui, HUANG Fengxun
2025(5):177-182
Abstract:
In view of the accuracy and reliability of control points of provincial continuously operating reference stations(CORS) network in long-distance canal control network,a comparative analysis is carried out.On the basis of the Pinglu Canal project and control points established by the provincial CORS network,we use the traditional global navigation satellite system(GNSS) static networking method to test the plane coordinate accuracy of control points calculated by the provincial CORS network,and use the third-class leveling results to test the precision of the quasi-geoid elevation results calculated by the CORS network.The results show that the precision of plane coordinates calculated by the CORS network is accurate and reliable,and the precision of quasi-geoid elevation can reach the root level.This method not only has high operating efficiency,but also has good economic benefits,and has guiding significance for follow-up control network measurement methods in similar long-distance canal construction.
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2025(5):183-189
Abstract:
The excavation of hard clay has long been a challenging issue in the dredging industry.To address the problem of low dredging efficiency of hard clay in Lianyungang area,this paper employs discrete element-based fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation to study the cutting characteristics of clay grab heads,examining the dredging process for clays with different cohesion levels.The results show that the conventional high-pressure water jets are effective for dredging soft clay,but when dredging hard clay,high-pressure water cannot penetrate the soil,leading to a series of issues such as high cutting resistance and drag head blockage.Therefore,when excavating hard clay,it is necessary to increase the high-pressure water jet pressure to increase dredging efficiency.
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ZHANG Ding, LI Qing, CHENG Yuanming
2025(5):190-193
Abstract:
Due to the invisibility of underwater operations,the dredging construction of cutter suction dredgers not only affects the construction quality of the project,but also affects the accurate determination of production performance to a certain extent.Accurately grasping the production efficiency of cutter suction dredger rock excavation is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in current engineering construction.Taking the rock excavation test project of a cutter suction ship in the offshore section of the Western Land Sea New Channel (Pinglu) Canal estuary as an example,based on three-dimensional graphics software,a dredging model of the channel is constructed.The construction quality and excavation efficiency of rock excavation by cutter suction dredger are analyzed based on the statistical data of ship monitoring system.The results show that the analysis method combining three-dimensional models with monitoring system statistical data is more accurate in soil category discrimination and statistics,more precise in mining production efficiency calculation,and more intuitive in construction quality analysis.The research results can provide references for ship construction in the later stage of engineering.
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XU Bin, LI Jun, LI Jinfeng, LIU Hao, SHEN Pu
2025(5):194-199
Abstract:
A dredging project in Iraq uses large cutter suction dredger to construct foundation trench slope,and the construction period is only three months.To solve the problem that the slope accuracy is high and the cohesive soil is not easy to collapse into slope,we decide to study the high-precision one-time forming technology of large cutter suction dredger for foundation trench cohesive soil slope.By correcting the transverse speed of the cutter and the lifting speed of the cutter,the matching control of the transverse speed of the cutter and the speed of the bridge frame is realized.By carrying out typical construction and a large number of field experiments,the optimal cutter traverse speed of four construction methods under different excavation depths is determined,which includes uphill normal cutter excavation,uphill reverse cutter excavation,downhill reverse cutter excavation and downhill normal cutter excavation,and the quality of the slope is guaranteed.The results show that this technology can meet the requirements of high precision and short construction period,and reduce the production cost.The average super width is reduced from 2.0 m to about 0.5 m,and the slope repair effect is remarkable.
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REN Shifeng, YIN Jinhong, WANG Xiaohan
2025(5):200-206
Abstract:
Soil disturbance has long been a significant challenge in the engineering field,particularly when it comes to evaluating the degree of soil disturbance and the quality of samples taken by soil sampling equipment.These situations are more difficult problems in engineering practice.Due to numerous factors that contribute to soil disturbance,traditional disturbance evaluation indices fail to adequately reflect the effects of human-induced disturbance,factors that contribute to soil disturbance are analyzed in this paper,and the unavoidable unloading disturbance is separated from the overall disturbance evaluation.A theoretical formula for unloading disturbance is proposed and validated through multiple sampling tests with different soil samplers.Finally,an improved method for evaluating soil disturbance is presented,and can better evaluate the technical level of soil sampling.
2025 Issue 5
The New Western Land-sea Corridor:Pinglu Canal Project Construction Column
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Ground and Foundation
Construction
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
