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2025(12):1-9
Abstract:
To further refine the classification criteria for muddy-silty coasts,we conduct the sedimentation-consolidation experiments on sediments with clay contents ranging from 10% to 30% on the basis of the projects of the 300,000-ton channel of Lianyungang Port.By integrating historical data with field observations,we systematically refine the methodological principle and methodologies for determining critical thresholds of three critical parameters in coastal classification criteria including specifically median grain size,clay content,and plasticity index,and optimize and improve the classification criteria for silt-sandy coasts.The results show that the coasts with median diameter less than or equal to 0.03 mm,clay content greater than or equal to 25%,and plasticity index greater than 17 are defined as the muddy coasts.The coasts with median diameter between 0.03 mm(not included) and 0.06 mm,clay content between 15% and 25%(not included),and plasticity index between 10(not included) and 17 are defined as transitional between muddy and silty coasts.The coasts with median diameter between 0.06 mm(not included) and 0.10 mm,clay content less than 15% and plasticity index less than or equal to 10 are defined as the silty coasts.The coasts with median diameter greater than 0.10 mm and clay content nearly 0% are defined as the sandy coast.
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2025(12):10-16
Abstract:
In response to the serious sedimentation in dredging projects of rivers,lakes,and reservoirs in China,as well as the high construction cost and low environmental protection performance of traditional cutter suction dredgers,the development of the “Junlan” large depth fully electric drive assembled cutter suction dredger is carried out.The overall layout,main dimensions,power configuration,connection devices,and intelligent control system of the ship are studied.Diesel and shore electric dual power drive are used,and the construction cost of pure shore electric drive is reduced by 66.7%,while reducing carbon emissions.The cutter,underwater pump,and cabin pump are driven by variable frequency motors,which intelligently control the speed of the mud pump and cutter to increase suction concentration and reduce construction costs.Equipped with independently developed high-efficiency mud pump and cutter system,the conveying efficiency is increased by more than 10%.The cutter is adopted a thin slice design,and the excavation efficiency is increased by more than 15%.The “Junlan” is successfully achieved the design and construction of a fully electric drive assembled cutter suction dredger with a depth of 25 m,and achieves significant effect in construction cost control,environmental protection performance,excavation efficiency,and suction efficiency.
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2025(12):17-26
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of sedimentation in excavated basin,sediment model tests are conducted to investigate the siltation patterns of excavated basins under different water and sediment conditions.The results indicate that in the year of heavy water and sand,such as 1963,the sedimentation in the harbor basin reached 74,200 m3,with the average silting thickness was about 0.4-0.5 m.Sediment mainly accumulated near the entrance of the harbor basin and within the original main river channel,reaching up to 1.3 m in the local area.However,the sedimentation thickness within the harbor basin was only 0.1-0.2 m.After 13 years of operation,sedimentation occurred in the whole section of the river,with the average silting thickness was about 1.0 m and up to 2.0 m in some areas.The main areas of sediment accumulation remained unchanged.Specifically,an area of approximately 60 m at the entrance of the harbor basin experienced significant elevation after sedimentation,potentially causing navigation obstacles during periods of low water levels and small flow rates.As the years of operation increases,the sediment in the harbor basin accumulates cumulatively and depth of the harbor basin is gradually decreasing.In the mountainous river,it is feasible to construct excavated basins utilizing backwater eddies,and sediment accumulation can be controlled.
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2025(12):27-36
Abstract:
To address the issue of local seabed scouring induced by pile-supported permeable breakwaters in engineering applications,we investigate the effects of baffle opening modes and porosity on the flow field structure and sediment scouring characteristics in front of the breakwater,using an inclined baffle structure as the research object.On the basis of a FLOW-3D numerical model,we design three flow intensities and five baffle configurations,and reveal the mechanisms of different structural parameters affecting local scour through simulation analysis of the surrounding flow velocity field,vorticity field,and seabed morphological evolution.The results show that under the same flow velocity,a lower baffle porosity leads to stronger vortex structures behind the baffle and in the front of piles,resulting in significantly increased scour depth and range,and a downstream shift in sediment deposition position.Under the same porosity,a smaller opening size of lower part of the baffle causes greater disturbance to the near-bed flow,thereby intensifying scouring.The baffle configuration has a significant impact on seabed scour.It is necessary to comprehensively consider the coordinated performance of both wave dissipation and scour resistance in the structural design of such breakwaters.
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2025(12):37-45
Abstract:
The development trend of large-scale container ships poses challenges to the berthing capacity of port terminals,and some existing container terminals need to deepen their harbors to meet the berthing requirements of large container ships.To explore the influence of the dredging depth of the harbor basin on the structural stress of the high-pile wharf,the changes of the mechanical properties of the overall structure after the excavation of the waters in front of the wharf are studied based on the ABAQUS finite element software.By setting different excavation depth conditions in the front waters,the overall deformation of the wharf and the force changes of the pile foundation structure under different load conditions are analyzed.The results show that with the increase of dredging depth:1) The horizontal displacement of the front cushion cap structure reaches a maximum of 2.55 cm,which is larger than that of the rear cushion cap structure,the two parts are gradually brought closer together,the reserved gap is reduced,and there is a possibility of collision between the two cushion caps.2) The displacement of the upper part of the front cushion cap structure is 8 times that of the bottom,and the front cushion cap structure as a whole shows a tendency to dump to the land.3) The dredging depth aggravates the unevenness of the load bearing on each pile from the superstructure,and some piles may be locally damaged due to excessive compression.4) The maximum bending moment of the pile foundation is located near the soil section,and the area with the largest difference in the maximum bending moment of the pile foundation under the condition of each dredging depth is in the middle area of the wharf structure,and the pile in this area may be damaged due to excessive bending.
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2025(12):46-53
Abstract:
To address the limitations of traditional accounting methods in fully reflecting the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of port carbon emissions,this study conducts a carbon emission footprint analysis based on spatiotemporal data field theory.Taking a large port in northern China as the research object,a theoretical framework of spatiotemporal data fields is introduced to construct a port carbon emission potential field model.By integrating emission data from different port areas across spatial and temporal dimensions,and applying methods such as potential value superposition and spatiotemporal distance transformation,spatiotemporal mapping,trend forecasting,and emission reduction evaluation can be achieved.The results show that port carbon emissions exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity and temporal persistence.Specifically,the production area accounts for 40%-45% of emissions,with an annual growth rate of 2.64%.emissions in the dock area are closely related to berthing density and decreased by 10%-15% after the widespread adoption of shore power systems.Through the comparison of model prediction and actual data,it is verified that under differentiated emission reduction measures,the annual growth rate of port emissions dropped from 4.28% to 2.15%,with an annual reduction potential of 447 t.The model can provide theoretical support for dynamic monitoring and predictive analysis of carbon emissions in complex systems,and can contributes to the low-carbon transformation of the port industry and the construction of green and smart ports.
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2025(12):54-61
Abstract:
To address the issue of data anomalies in the structure health monitoring system of a dock due to sensor failures,which subsequently affects the accuracy of structural safety assessment,a fault data identification and correction method is proposed based on an improved box plot method.By integrating the improved box plot method with scatter plot analysis technique,a statistical feature recognition model is constructed that includes four types of data:no fault,spike fault,drift fault,and bias fault,achieving precise classification of fault types.In the experimental verification phase,the method exhibits a 91.07% fault recognition accuracy rate among 56 sets of actual measurement data segments.For different fault types,the research designs differentiated correction strategies:using Lagrange interpolation for spike faults,applying moving window mean fitting to correct drift and bias faults.Finally,by comparing the autocorrelation of data before and after correction,the effectiveness of data correction is verified.The research results provide reliable data quality assurance method for the dock structure health monitoring system and have significant practical significance for improving the level of safety monitoring of major infrastructure.
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2025(12):62-74
Abstract:
As a crucial component of modern transportation infrastructure,port engineering requires emergency repair and rapid construction during peacetime or wartime due to potential damage.Seawater sea-sand concrete(SSC),which made from seawater and sea-sand,demonstrates significant application value and development potential in emergency port engineering rehabilitation due to its local material availability,early strength development,and rapid setting characteristics.On the basis of the current research status on SSC both domestically and internationally,we summarize the mechanisms by which seawater and sea-sand influence concrete properties,and analyze the key properties of SSC to focus on in emergency repair and rapid construction for port engineering,including compressive strength,setting rate,and workability.The results show that,natural seawater and sea-sand can effectively shorten construction periods and reduce costs for port emergency repair and rapid construction,with SSC preparation requiring no desalination treatment.It is necessary to control the replacement rate of sea-sand within 50%,or to reduce the content of impurities such as shells and coral sand in sea-sand through pretreatment.Incorporating appropriate supplementary cementitious materials and nanomaterials can regulate the initial/final setting time of SSC and enhance its adaptability for emergency repair and rapid construction.Compared with SSC,fiber reinforced SSC and ultra-high performance SSC exhibit excellent superior mechanical properties and durability,presenting broad application prospects in the emergency repair and rapid construction for port engineering.
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2025(12):75-80
Abstract:
Yangkou Port Yangguang Island is an important LNG receiving port in China,this paper analyzes the long-term dynamic changes of the tidal flat evolution,the erosion and deposition situation in the LNG terminal area,and the impact on the foundation piles of the terminal by comparing underwater topographic data from different periods.The results show that with the gradual completion of the artificial island and terminal supporting facilities,the Dahonggengzi sandbar on the northeast side of the artificial island has been moving westward year by year.The northern waterway continues to maintain a westward and northward extension trend.The head of the central waterway has slowed its westward extension,but shows a trend of continuous southward compression and widening.The LNG terminal area exhibits different patterns of erosion and deposition at different stages.In the early stage,it was mainly a micro-sedimentation state.After 2010,due to the impact of terminal construction,significant scour occurred around the A1 and B1 docks.By 2018,the terminal area gradually transitioned to a deposition state,and the sediment on the northern slope of the artificial island significantly increased.For the proposed A2 terminal project,a protection approach combining preliminary protection and post-construction protection with reserved scouring depth will be adopted to reduce the scouring rate of the pile foundation and prolong the service life of the pile foundation.
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2025(12):81-87
Abstract:
In view of the mooring stability of liquefied natural gas(LNG) bunkering vessels during alongside bukering of cargo ships at non-dedicated terminals under extreme conditions,the ship-to-ship (STS) mooring system for a 30,000 m3?LNG bunkering vessel and a 14,000 TEU LNG dual-fuel container ship at a container terminal is focused on.A shore-side STS mooring solution is proposed.A coupled shore-side STS mooring model is established by numerical analysis software to simulate vessel displacements,mooring line tensions,and fender forces under combined environmental loads (wind,waves,and current).The omnidirectional ultimate environmental load-bearing capacity (critical wind speed/current speed) is forecasted.Furthermore,the impact of mooring line pre-tension on mooring performance is systematically quantified through extended analyses involving various ship type combinations.The results demonstrate that under standard container terminal environmental conditions,this solution meets regulatory requirements for mooring stability during LNG bunkering operations.When the pre-tension is optimized to approximately 13% of the minimum breaking load of the mooring lines,the peak line tension is minimized,and vessel motion displacements can be reduced to below 35% of those observed in scenarios without pre-tension.
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2025(12):88-96
Abstract:
Regarding the potential threats to the stability of riverbeds of existing hydraulic structures caused by changes in the regional topography and sediment conditions in the Fujiangsha Waterway of the Yangtze River due to the deepwater channel project,especially local scouring risks from historical pile foundations.This study focuses on the residual pile groups at Tian Gang Wharf.A two-dimensional hydro-sediment model for the Ligang-Tianshenggang river reach is developed to predict the trend of riverbed erosion and deposition.The research results show that:1)In normal sediment-water years,sedimentation dominates in the shoal area near the wharf and within 200 m upstream and downstream,the upstream side experiences erosion,the downstream shoal area shows slight sedimentation,and a strip-shaped sedimentation zone appears about 300 m offshore.2)In high-flow years,scouring in the nearshore shoal area is more extensive than in normal hydro-sediment years,but sedimentation still primarily occurs within 100 m of the wharf front.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide references for numerical simulations of residual pile groups at similar wharves,and the research results can provide scientific support for pile groups treatment plan in renovation and expansion projects of similar wharves.
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2025(12):97-105
Abstract:
This paper takes a new container terminal project in Senegal as an example to explore the layout scheme of spur breakwater under swell conditions and its impact on waves at the front of the terminal.Through wave mathematical model experiments,the effects of different spur breakwater lengths on the waves at the terminal front are compared and analyzed,and the downtime under each scheme is calculated.The results show that the length of the spur breakwater has a significant impact on the shielding effect of waves in the harbor,and longer breakwater support can effectively reduce downtime.Specifically,the downtime for Scheme 1 (with a spur breakwater length of 323 m) is 0.7%,for Scheme 2 (with a spur breakwater length of 120 m) is 2.23%,and for Scheme 3 (without a spur breakwater but with adjusted channel bottom elevation) is 1.47%.The study also found that when other conditions（such as raising the dock front berthing water area,harbor basin,and outer channel）are adjusted,even if the breakwater support is cancelled,it may still achieve a good shielding effect.This research provides a reference for the design of breakwaters in similar port projects and offers insights for the construction and optimization of breakwater schemes under long-period wave conditions in the future.
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2025(12):106-114
Abstract:
Aiming at the safety problem of ship mooring stability in the intermediate channel with a combination arrangement of 1,000-ton class ship locks and ship lifts,a planar two-dimensional turbulence mathematical model is used to study the influence of channel width,initial water depth and ship lock discharge time and other parameters on the ship mooring stability.The formula for calculating the average flow rate of maximum discharge that a ship can withstand is proposed.The results show that:1) The maximum flow velocity and maximum gradient in the berthing section showed the process of first increasing and then decreasing with the water discharge from the ship lock,and the shorter the discharge time,the earlier the peak of the maximum flow velocity appeared;the smaller the initial water depth,the later the maximum gradient peak appeared.2) As the width of the intermediate channel,initial water depth,and ship lock discharge time increase,when two of these parameters remain constant,the longitudinal mooring force of the ship decreases in a negative power function relationship with the third parameter.3) Under the same section coefficient of channel,the longitudinal mooring force increases linearly with the increase of the average discharge flow rate of the ship lock.The maximum average discharge flow rate that a ship can withstand is increased linearly related to the section coefficient.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of safety standards for ship mooring in intermediate channels under the combined arrangement of ship locks and ship lifts.
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2025(12):115-121
Abstract:
To address the significant challenges in plane layout under complex constraints for the Wuxi junction second-line ship lock,we summarize general layout principles of ship lock.Meanwhile,we fully consider influencing factors such as navigable flow conditions,geological compatibility,constructability,structural stability,flood control impacts,management area configuration,single-transit efficiency,land acquisition requirements,excavation volumes,and project costs.Adopting the method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis,we select a reasonable general layout scheme through comprehensive comparative analysis.Based on this scheme,we conduct normal fixed-bed physical model tests and ship model tests to investigate the navigable flow conditions in the upstream approach channel of the second-line ship lock and their impacts on vessel navigation,using indicators such as maximum longitudinal/transverse flow velocities,maximum rudder angles,and minimum sailing speeds.We optimize the layout and structural type of the bulkhead through this experimental analysis.The results show that the scheme with the ship lock main structure located downstream of the anti-seepage cutoff wall is superior,as we find it reduces flood control pressures while ensuring construction convenience,better economic performance,and better structural stability.For the upstream bulkhead,we recommend the combination scheme of 100 m pile row (1.5 m center spacing) and 100 m pile inserted separation wall,which effectively addresses cofferdam challenges in the reservoir area during first-line ship lock navigation,and reduces project costs.The proposed layout scheme and methodology offer a valuable reference for the general arrangement of ship locks in similarly constrained reservoir areas,particularly those subject to multifaceted environmental and operational limitations.
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2025(12):122-127
Abstract:
The Chaohu Ship Lock Hub is located at the entrance from Chaohu River to the Yuxi River,and is a key control project for the Heyu line channel and Chaohu River flood control.Its upstream is adjacent to the Chaohu ecological scenic area.Due to the constraints of ecological and flood prevention factors,construction conditions are restricted.The current technical condition of the first-line ship lock is poor and cannot operate normally.The throughput capacity of ship lock cannot meet the demand for transportation volume.Based on the width of the old lock chamber and the analysis of the proportion of ships passing through the lock chamber with different widths,it is proposed that the ships passing through the lock chamber should choose the ship lock with better adaptability to the size of the lock chamber according to the width of the ship,and try to improve the utilization rate of the lock chamber as much as possible.After the renovation of the first-line ship lock,the minimum water depth of the threshold is 4.5 m.Through the analysis of the critical speed of the ships passing through the lock,it is found that under normal entry and exit speed conditions,the maximum draft of the designed ship when fully loaded can be increased from the allowable value of 2.80 m to 2.92 m.The proportion of 2,000-ton class ships that meet the requirements for passing through the lock can be increased from 64.68% to 83.10%.When the speed is reduced to 0.6 m/s,it can basically meet the requirements for all designed 2,000-ton class ships to pass through the lock.At the same time,from the perspective of transportation economy,the rationality of the maximum draft value of the designed ship is demonstrated by analyzing the matching between the threshold water depth of the ship lock and the downstream channel design water depth through the design of the ship type.
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2025(12):128-136
Abstract:
The complex vortex structure causes navigation-obstructing obstruction in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges.However,the dynamic evolution mechanism of the vortex structure is unclear,making it difficult to effectively guide ship navigation.To address this issue,a high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image acquisition system is built to carry out the observation of the vortex structure in the Hujiatan Reach.An image processing technology for surface vortex structure identification and tracking is proposed,and the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the vortex structure in the variable return water area are quantitatively analyzed.The core area of the vortex is identified through gray-scale conversion,binarization segmentation and morphological detection methods,and its geometric characteristics are quantified by the equivalent circle method.Combined with the inter-frame displacement method,the dynamic evolution parameters between frames of the vortex structure are extracted.The results show that the vortex structure exhibits a distinct three-stage evolution characteristic during its motion process.There is a significant positive correlation between the radius of the vortex structure and its movement velocity,and this correlation shows stage dependence:in the expansion stage,the correlation is weak due to the influence of external factors;in the contraction stage,the correlation is strong,dominated by internal hydrodynamicmechanisms.Furthermore,the growth rate jump point during the rapid expansion period of the vortex structure's movement and migration process can be regarded as a key node for the pre-adjustment of the ship's course,providing theoretical support for the subsequent discovery of the influence of the vortex structure in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges on ship movement.
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2025(12):137-145
Abstract:
Reasonable anti-collision reinforcement of the gate structure can effectively reduce collision risks and ensure the safe operation of the ship lock.To study its collision avoidance effect,taking the triangular gate of a ship lock as the research object,using the finite element software ANSYS,three kinds of models are built:before reinforcement,after reinforcement (straight-line anti-collision plate) and after reinforcement (broken-line anti-collision plate).Considering the open and closed status,forward and reverse water levels and different impact point positions,17 working conditions are constructed.The stress and deformation of the main components and the support reaction at the pivot seat and hoist rod under different working conditions are compared and analyzed.The results show that,when the ship impact force is not considered,the maximum stress of each component of the gate after reinforcement is reduced under the forward water level,but the maximum stress of the panel and main beam increases by about 30% under the reverse water level.Under the impact force of the ship,when the ship hits the column and the middle straight arm,the maximum stress of the gate component with the straight-line anti-collision plate is 30%-40% lower than that of the broken-line anti-collision plate,and the maximum deformation is reduced by about 50%.The anti-collision performance of the straight-line anti-collision plate is better.
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2025(12):146-152
Abstract:
The determination of slope gradient for waterway dredging is related to the stability of channel dredging slope and the normal operation of the waterway,as well as the dredging engineering quantity and engineering investment,especially for shallow and deeply excavated waterway.At present,the table lookup method is still used to determine the dredging slope gradient in the specification.The value range of waterway slope gradient is given according to different rock and soil types,and it is pointed out that slope gradient of open waterway under strong wave action needs to be slowed down,but there is no specific method to consider the wave dynamic loads.Based on phase II project of 300,000-ton class waterway in Lianyungang Port,this paper introduces the design wave standard and uses the empirical formula to determine the wave dynamic load acting on the dredging slope of waterway.The vibration triaxial test is used to simulate the wave dynamic load on the dredging slope soil,obtain the soil strength index after the wave load,calculate the soil mechanical stability safety factor of the waterway slope,and form a method for determining the waterway dredging slope quantitatively considering the influence of wave dynamic load.On the basis of the general provisions of the specification,it provides useful supplements for reasonably determining the slope gradient of waterway dredging slopes.
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2025(12):153-160
Abstract:
To the problem of normalized congestion of ships passing through locks with limited capacity in areas with busy water transportation in plain river networks,this paper is based on Yuxi double-line ship lock project to carry out a model study on the operating conditions for navigable open-gate mode.A two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model is used to research the influence law of key influencing factors,such as the difference in water level,the operation mode of ship locks,and the operation mode of the regulation lock on the water flow conditions for navigable open-gate mode.The test results show that the control node for water flow conditions during open-gate operation is located at the upper gate head.The reasonable operating water level difference for the navigable open-gate mode of the Yuxi Hub double-line ship lock should not exceed 20 cm.The formation time of the open-gate operational conditions is related to the operation mode of the ship lock.The larger the scale of the ship lock and the more lines it has,the shorter the creation time,which generally takes about 30 min.Under the premise of a certain water level difference,the combined operation mode of using multi-line locks and control gates can effectively improve the water flow conditions during open-gate operation and reduce the water flow velocity in the lock by more than 50%.The research results can be used as a reference for similar ship lock projects that plan to use the method of navigable open-gate mode to improve throughput capacity.
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2025(12):161-167
Abstract:
In response to the problem of the influence of construction wide joints on the internal force of the integral lock chamber bottom plate,the bending moment calculation analysis and research of the bottom plate are carried out under different wide joint positions,different filling heights before sealing,and different foundation conditions.Using the finite element method,taking maintenance conditions as an example,the situation with wide joints is compared with no wide joint.The results show that when the distance between the wide joint and the side wall L is 3-17 m,the negative bending moment at the mid span decreases by 26%-39%.When the filling height before sealing is 3-9 m,the negative bending moment at the mid span decreases by 18% to 40%.For soil or composite foundations,when the elastic modulus is taken as 20-100 MPa,the negative bending moment at the mid span decreases by 29%-33%.For pile foundations,when the elastic modulus of the soil is set to 20-40 MPa,the negative bending moment at the mid span decreases by 41% to 45%.For rock foundations,the negative bending moment at the mid span remains unchanged.Under soil foundation,composite foundation,or pile foundation conditions,the wide joints should be symmetrically arranged at L ranging from 0.1-0.2 times the width of the lock chamber,where the bending moment and stress are minimized.Under rock foundation conditions,construction joints can be used instead of construction wide joints.
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2025(12):168-176
Abstract:
Regarding the changes in the navigation conditions of the Xiongcheng (Xiongjiazhou-Chenglingji) river section of middle reaches of the Yangtze River over the next decade following the implementation of the waterway regulation project,this study adopts the research method of movable-bed model experiments to establish a physical model of the Xiongcheng river section.By reproducing the natural water and sediment conditions of the river section from February 2022 to March 2023,the rationality of the model design,sediment selection,and various scales is verified.Model tests are conducted in typical and series years to analyze changes in riverbed scour and deposition,as well as the evolution of shoal-channel patterns in the Xiongcheng river section after the implementation of the waterway regulation project.The results show that after implementation of the remediation plan,the riverbed of the river section has been eroded,the pattern of the beach and channel has not changed much,and the navigation conditions have significantly improved,which can achieve the remediation goals.Local erosion pits have appeared at the head of the stone throwing prism in the straight transition section on the west side of Baxingzhou,and there has been a certain degree of siltation in some areas of the Qigongling bend section at the end of each year,with the largest at the end of 4 years,which requires maintenance and dredging to ensure smooth flow.It is recommended to strengthen the observation of the Qigongling and Qixingzhou bends after the implementation of the project.If there are adverse changes or navigation problems,timely maintenance measures should be taken to ensure smooth navigation.
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2025(12):177-184
Abstract:
The Minjiang River is the largest river in Fujian Province,playing a pivotal role in regional economic development,flood control safety,shipping transportation,and ecological environment.Since 1998,under the dual influence of human activities and natural factors,the riverbed of the South Port has been comprehensively deepened,water levels have dropped,water flow has become unobstructed,and the diversion volume has increased sharply.While the estuary of the North Port has been silted up,with overall slight siltation,the water flow is in a state of blocked upstream and hindered downstream,and the diversion volume has decreased sharply.The pattern change of the diversion ratio between the North and South Ports,as well as the drastic changes in riverbed deepening and flow pattern,have posed severe threats to the shipping safety of ships in the North and South Ports,bridge safety,flood control,drinking water quality in Fuzhou,ecological environment,and urban landscape.This paper comprehensively uses historical data and measured data in recent years to fully analyze the laws of river regime changes and existing problems in the North and South Ports,and proposes targeted governance schemes such as dredging the large shallow ridges at the estuary of the North Port and dredging the main channel of the North Port with a length of about 5 km,and adjusting the single-hole two-way navigation of the Xia'nan bridge group in the South Port to a double-hole one-way navigation scheme.At the same time,a mathematical model is applied to preliminarily predict that the diversion volume of the North Port will be increased from the current 20% to 28%,and a ship model is used to verify the shipping safety of the new route scheme in the bridge group area of the South Port,providing reference for the comprehensive development and governance of the North and South Ports in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River.
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2025(12):185-191
Abstract:
As the endpoint of the Hangzhou section of the second channel of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,the Babao ship lock is a thousand ton level ship lock built simultaneously on both tracks in strong tidal bore river sections in China,which plays an important role in both navigation and tide blocking.The water flow conditions in the Qiantang River tidal bore section where the ship lock is located are complex,and the tidal bore load has a significant impact on the operation of the gate.Therefore,it is crucial to choose a reasonable gate type of ship lock.A comprehensive and systematic comparative study is conducted on various common gate types (such as herringbone gate,flat steel gate,triangular gate,etc) from multiple dimensions,including navigation smoothness,tide blocking reliability,and structural stability,on the basis of the actual operating conditions of Babao ship lock.The results show that the combination design of herringbone gates and flat steel gates has outstanding advantages in navigation smoothness and tide blocking reliability,and can better adapt to the navigation and tide blocking needs of the Babao ship lock in strong tidal environments,providing technical guarantees for the safe operation of the Babao ship lock.
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2025(12):192-197
Abstract:
The large span truss gate structure is complex.Design calculation cannot be absolutely solved by graphic design method.Based on the working conditions and structural requirements of the gate,a structural form of panel and solid web thin frame and truss beam system combination structure is proposed.Both forward and reverse directions adopt simply supported wheels.To facilitate the installation and disassembly,the simply supported wheels are installed on the wing edges of the side columns.In response to the high risk of overturning of the locking beam and the difficulty of locking in place detection,the locking device adopts a rotating push-pull locking beam with an electric push rod operation.The article analyses gate structure layout,main beam,supporting structure,gate lock device,then arrangement of the large span truss gate structure is generally completed.The static analysis of the truss gate is conducted using the finite element method to identify the weak points of the structure and propose improvement measures.The strength and displacement of the improved gate structure can satisfy design specification in the operating mode of water retaining and gate lifting.The research results can provide references for the design of large-span truss gates.
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2025(12):198-203
Abstract:
To address the issue of cross currents intruding into the main navigation channel at the Feifengjiao waterway downstream of the Datengxia ship lock under low discharge conditions (700-2,000 m3/s),which poses risks to vessel navigation safety,this study investigates the hydrodynamic causes of cross currents and develops targeted remediation methods.By integrating geological surveys,numerical model simulations,and engineering quantity calculation using cross-sectional area method,an optimized phased remediation scheme is proposed through multi-scheme comparative analysis,tailored to local topographic and hydrological characteristics.The results indicate that the cross currents primarily originate from three factors:significant narrowing of the dam's discharge channel (21 m contour width reduced by approximately 50%),elevated riverbed morphology,and flow concentration under low discharges.Short-term measures,including optimized channel alignment design,excision of the S-shaped shoal bend,and expansion of the flow cross-section,effectively reduced cross-current intensity (lateral velocity decreased by 18.5%-29.2%) and water surface gradient (70%-84% reduction),substantially improving navigability.The long-term scheme reserves expansion capacity to triple the current width of the channel throat,balancing cost efficiency with adaptive flexibility while allowing dynamic adjustments for future hydrological uncertainties.The findings demonstrate that the phased remediation strategy successfully alleviates critical bottleneck constraints,validates the efficacy of the “short-term mitigation + long-term resolution” framework,and offers actionable insights for managing similar navigation challenges downstream of hydraulic hubs in mountainous river systems.
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2025(12):204-209
Abstract:
The layout of the water conveyance system is the core and soul of ship lock design.It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive comparative study of similar water conveyance systems to select a more reasonable layout,ensuring efficient and safe passage of vessels and reducing congestion.This paper comprehensively considers factors such as water conveyance efficiency of ship lock,berthing stability conditions,throughput capacity,plan layout,construction difficulty,project investment,structural durability,and the impact on working gate vibrations.By employing technical methods such as three-dimensional mathematical model analysis and physical model testing,it separately investigates the fully dispersed water conveyance system with side branch holes in the long corridor of the lock wall and the combined water conveyance system within similar water conveyance systems.The research results indicate that both systems meet the expected design goals and requirements in terms of various indicators and berthing stability conditions.The combined water conveyance system has a slightly longer water conveyance time,and it is recommended to adopt the fully dispersed water conveyance system with side branch holes in the long corridor of the lock wall.This water conveyance system can further enhance the water conveyance efficiency of ship lock,improve throughput capacity,and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the ship lock.
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2025(12):210-216
Abstract:
Shenzhen-Zhongshan Channel is located in the core area of the middle reaches of the Pearl River.The Pearl River Estuary it crosses is one of the busiest waterways water areas with the largest ship density in China.The bridge section of the channel,with a total length of approximately 17 km,adopts a long-span design to cross several important navigational channels including the Lingding Channel,Longxue South Channel,and Hengmen East Channel.After the project is completed,it will become a permanent cross-sea structure,changing the original navigational environment of the bridge area waters.It is necessary to give full play to the navigation aids in the bridge area to ensure the navigation safety of bridges and ships.At present,the current domestic and international standards mainly impose principled requirements for bridge navigation aids,which are evidently lacking in practical guidance for the complex navigational environment and numerous design and installation constraints of large-scale cross-sea bridges.This paper takes the design scheme of the navigation aids in the bridge area of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Channel as an example.Focusing on the different navigational needs of the main bridge section and the non-navigable bridge sections of large-scale cross-sea bridges,it analyzes the main factors affecting the design of navigation aids in the bridge area,and proposes the main issues and corresponding solutions in the design process of navigation aids for large-scale cross-sea bridges.The navigation efficiency is maximized through the effective connection between bridge navigation aids and water navigation aids.At the same time,it provides reference and guidance for the revision of industry standards and the design of navigation aids for other large-scale cross-sea bridges.
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2025(12):217-222
Abstract:
In view of the problem of the challenges of excessive internal-external temperature differences,and significant cracking risks in flow-surface concrete of navigation-power hub projects during phased diversion construction caused by low-temperature river water cooling shock,an equivalent heat conduction model incorporating the negative heat source effect of cooling pipes is developed by integrating field monitoring data with three-dimensional finite element simulations.Adiabatic temperature rise inversion is employed to analyze temperature and stress fields under different temperature control strategies.An innovative multi-measure collaborative approach is proposed,combining mid-term cooling (target temperature:25 ℃),surface flow curing,and controlled pouring temperature (≤22 ℃),while quantifying the critical cooling rate threshold for crack prevention through sensitivity analysis.The results show that by normal temperature control measure,the internal along-river stress reaches 1.82 MPa (safety factor:1.27) and surface stress 1.46 MPa (safety factor:1.10),both violating anti-cracking specifications.Mid-term cooling combined with flow curing reduced surface stress to 0.46 MPa(safety factor:3.49).Introducing pouring temperature control further lowers the peak concrete temperature from 44.2 ℃ to 40.4 ℃,decreases internal stress to 1.45 MPa (safety factor:1.60),and increases the surface safety factor to 3.91.Sensitivity analysis reveals a critical cooling rate threshold of 1.0 ℃/d,exceeding this threshold caused the safetyfactor to plummet from 1.86 to 1.20.This paper establishes a systematic framework integrating thermodynamic parameter inversion,multi-field simulation,and multi-measure optimization,providing quantifiable design criteria for crack prevention in navigation-power hub projects.The proposed strategy enhances crack resistance significantly and improves structural durability.
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2025(12):223-229
Abstract:
Breccia has the characteristics of softening when exposed to water,which has a great impact on the bearing capacity of cast-in-place piles.Based on the static load test results of self-balanced method of two composite piles of steel pipe pile and cast-in-place pile in Phase I project of Yantian Port East,the bearing characteristics of composite pile of steel pipe pile and cast-in-place pile in breccia geology are studied.The results show that:1) The compressive shaft friction of cast-in-place pile in the strong weathered breccia and middle weathered breccia are not less than 150.06 and 248.67 kPa,respectively,and the pile-end resistance in middle weathered breccia is not less than 2,578.86 kPa.2) The pull-out resistance reduction coefficients of the strong weathered breccia and the middle weathered breccia are about 0.85 and 0.94,respectively.3) After the pile-soil relative displacement in the middle weathered breccia is greater than 0.50 mm,the growth rate of the shaft friction tend to stabilize,and the shaft friction of the pile is not fully activated before the pile-soil relative displacement is less than 3.68 mm.4) The theoretical calculation values of the vertical compressive ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile S1#?and S2#?are not less than 28,108.58 and 29,768.71 kN,with safety coefficients of not less than 1.34 and 1.42,respectively.The relevant results can provide reference for the pile length design of similar geological port terminals and other project.
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2025(12):230-238
Abstract:
The spatial resolution of structural vibration modes directly affects the accuracy of damage identification results based on these modes.Digital image correlation (DIC),with its non-contact,full-field measurement capabilities within the field of view,offers a high-density measurement approach.However,limited by the camera's field of view,the DIC method cannot directly perform complete testing on large,slender structures such as pile foundations.To address this challenge,a 3D-DIC stitching measurement-based method for pile foundation vibration mode testing is proposed.The method involves segmented testing to obtain full-field vibration responses of different regions of the pile foundation,uses image feature matching to derive spatial transformation matrices for each region,and achieves the stitching and fusion of full-field modal vibration modes with high spatial resolution.Combined with dynamic fingerprint indicators,the method enables the identification of local damage in pile foundations,and the physical model experiments based on the 3D-DIC stitching measurement method are carried out.The results demonstrate that the vibration modes identified by this approach closely align with finite element simulation results,and provide richer structural detail information compared to traditional acceleration sensor testing.
2025 Issue 12
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Ground and Foundation
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
