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2026(4):1-15
Abstract:
The origin of diaphragm walls technology has been over 100 years.In China,the technology of diaphragm walls in ports has developed for nearly 50 years,and the construction of wharf using diaphragm walls technology has been over 35 years,evolving from 15,000 DWT to 200,000 DWT,the world’s maximum tonnage wharf of diaphragm walls has been built.The cast-in-place diaphragm walls’ water-side face of sheet pile in the port and waterway engineering wharf has the characteristic of permanent concealment throughout the entire life cycle,to ensure the quality of the project and standardize the inspection technology,the water transport industry has formulated the Technical Specification for Testing of Diaphragm Wall Structure in Port and Waterway Engineering for the first time.It mainly stipulates the application of the sonic reflection method,crosshole sonic logging method and magnetic logging method respectively for the inspection of the quality of the trench,the quality of the concrete of the wall section and the length of the steel cage in the inspection of diaphragm walls.It focuses on 100% crosshole sonic logging method testing for the trenching and the unit wall concrete of the exposed walls of the permanent structure diaphragm walls of the quality to achieve precise control and meticulous management,and help enhance the brand building of “Made in China-diaphragm wall wharf”.
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LU Yuanwen, LIU Xiaohui, GE Hongli, LIANG Bingchen, YOU Zaijin
2026(4):16-22
Abstract:
To address the impact of ship-induced waves on surrounding mangrove wetlands during the operation of the Pinglu Canal project,a novel wave-attenuating floating structure is designed,which combines excellent wave dissipation performance with strong environmental adaptability.To investigate its wave attenuation characteristics,a combined method of three-dimensional numerical simulation using FLOW-3D and in-situ physical model tests is employed.This method quantifies the structure’s effectiveness in attenuating wave height for typical ship waves and explores the influences of water depth,relative submerged depth,and the minimum buffer distance between the structure and mangroves on the wave dissipation effect.The research results indicate that under various relative submerged depths and water depth variations,the novel wave attenuation structure maintains a stable wave height attenuation rate of 55%-75%.The structure consistently achieves a wave height attenuation rate exceeding 55% at various positions relative to the mangrove fringe.Validated by both numerical simulations and physical model experiments,the designed novel wave attenuation structure demonstrates excellent wave dissipation capability and high stability within inland canals.It provides an effective engineering solution for mitigating the erosion of ship-induced waves on the mangrove wetlands along the Pinglu Canal banks,holding significant importance for ensuring the sustainable operation of the canal and the ecological security of its banks.
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XIA Xiaodi, LUO Lin, TANG Jianhong, FENG Wei, WU Peng, CHEN Xiang, WANG Erpeng, HAO Ling
2026(4):23-30
Abstract:
To address the current issue where the highest peak water flow rate of ship lock water conveyance systems domestically and internationally can only support nearly 600 m3/s(based on the Madao Ship Lock of the Pinglu Canal)for safe passage of ships,this study explores how to further improve the peak flow rate of the water conveyance system to about 1，100 m3/s(based on the Xiangjiaba Ship lock of the Jinsha River).Combining relevant German experience,a pressure chamber water conveyance system is adopted.Compared with the four-section cover plate energy dissipation type of the single-sided inlet longitudinal branch corridor of the Madao Ship Lock of the Pinglu Canal,the pressure chamber water conveyance system overcomes the disadvantages of the constant-inertia water conveyance system,such as “complex layout,significant head losses along the way and locally,and compromised conveyance efficiency.”Numerical simulations are used for verification.Preliminary results indicate that the water conveyance system can meet the requirements for safe passage of ships.With the continuous promotion of China’s Western Development Strategy,the water head difference of navigational structures in mountainous areas will exceed 60 m,and even surpass 100 m.The pressure chamber water conveyance system will achieve the goal of smooth passage of ships through dams.Further validation through physical model tests is planned for the next phase.
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HUANG Xiang, ZHAO Junxian, LU Yuzhe, ZHUANG Ning, JIANG Chaohua
2026(4):31-40
Abstract:
In view of the problem of the unclear influencing factors of rock-breaking efficiency in underwater vibrational impact rock-breaking technology,the impact effects of various factors on rock fragmentation are investigated.By the finite-discrete element method(FDEM)and coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)method,a three-dimensional numerical model of underwater vibrational impact rock-breaking built in ABAQUS software to simulate the rock-breaking process and study the influence of different factors on rock fragmentation.The results indicate that the presence of hydrostatic pressure promotes a transition from brittle to ductile states during rock failure.Increasing the static pressure applied by the cutterhead significantly enhances its penetration capability.However,excessively high pressure exacerbates stress oscillations,necessitating optimized load combinations on the basis of engineering practice.Higher rock compressive strength increases the difficulty of cutterhead penetration.A clear negative correlation exists between water depth and penetration capability:in shallow water(5-6 m),the constraining effect of hydrostatic pressure on rock strength is weaker,resulting in lower energy loss of the cutterhead,whereas in deep water(8-9 m),penetration efficiency decreases.The penetration depth of the cutterhead exhibits a characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing with higher vibrational frequency.
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ZHUANG Ning, WANG Yalin, XIA Xujiang, ZENG Yi
2026(4):41-51
Abstract:
To address the challenges in resource utilization of dredged soil from the Yangtze River(high moisture content,low strength,and difficulty in forming),and the inadequacies of traditional bubble-mixed lightweight soil(insufficient tensile strength and high brittleness,rendering it unsuitable as a floating island substrate),research on lightweighting and fiber modification is conducted.Orthogonal experiments are conducted to determine the optimal mix proportion by varying the cement-sand ratio,foam volume content,and water-sand ratio.Basalt fiber(BF)and polypropylene fiber(PPF)with different parameters are then incorporated.The modification effects are investigated through mechanical property tests and microscopic analysis.Results indicate that the optimal mix proportion is a cement-to-sand ratio of 0.4,a foam volume fraction of 10%,and a water-to-sand ratio of 0.35,corresponding to a dry density of 0.77 g/cm3,a wet density of 0.84 g/cm3,the optimal 28-day compressive strength,and a water absorption rate of 12.3%.The optimal BF content is 0.5%(length:12 mm),which increases the splitting tensile strength by 18% and significantly reduces the dry shrinkage rate.The optimal PPF dosage is 0.3%(length:9 mm),which enhances the 28-day toughness by 30%,improves the saturated compressive strength,and reduces the probability of brittle failure.Both fibers improve the interfacial bonding strength to a certain extent.With a density close to that of water,this material can be used as a floating landscape carrier,providing technical support for the lightweight and ecological utilization of dredged soil from the Yangtze River.
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Research on inland river port planning considering portindustry integration and multimodal transport
ZHOU Jianan, LI Yuqian, ZHOU Zhehui, LIU Chong
2026(4):52-59
Abstract:
Considering the characteristics of inland ports,such as their relatively small scale and hinterland,high sensitivity to transportation costs,scattered distribution of port-adjacent enterprises,and weak foundation of the collection and distribution network,this research explores the overall planning ideas and methods for small inland ports in plain water network areas,aiming to address practical issues in the actual work of inland port planning,including how to select reasonable locations to support regional economic and industrial development,balance the relationship between the intensification of public docks and the reserved development of enterprise docks,and strengthen multimodal transport connections.The research proposes it is necessary to deeply integrate with local industrial development to strengthen the reliability of throughput forecasting,and conduct directional economic analysis and traffic volume estimation for water transportation.It is also necessary to strengthen the coordination of “multiple plans integration” to achieve full coverage of industries and regional balance in public operation areas,and a multi-port layout with sufficient reserved shoreline for cargo owners.When analyzing the specific location selection of each public operation area,factors such as location,planning,waterway conditions,industry,demand,and roads should be comprehensively considered.Furthermore,the concept of comprehensive transportation and logistics planning centered around ports should be improved.The methods have been applied to the planning practice of Tongxiang port area in Jiaxing inland river port.At present,the on-schedule implementation rate of public operation areas in this plan has exceeded 80%,which fully verifies the practical guiding value of the research methods.
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WANG Peiyin, LIU Ping, HUANG Xishuang, YUAN Hao, WEI Lingxin, FANG Huolang
2026(4):60-71
Abstract:
To address to the lack of a performance-based seismic evaluation system for high-piled frame wharves,a systematic performance-based seismic analysis is conducted on the wharf in the Gele central operation area of Dongchuan Port.On the basis of the OpenSees platform,a three-dimensional refined finite element model considering the soil-pile-structure interaction is built.Nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis is performed by inputting frequent,fortified,and rare earthquake motions to obtain the dynamic response of the structure at different earthquake levels.On the basis of domestic and international seismic design codes,a multi-level seismic performance evaluation system and quantitative control standards applicable to this type of structure are proposed,with the upper frame inter-story displacement angle and pile top displacement as key performance indicators,and the seismic performance of the structure is comprehensively evaluated.The results show that under frequent,fortified,and rare earthquake actions,the maximum inter-story displacement angles of the upper frame are 1/1 429,1/417,and 1/167,respectively,and the maximum displacements of the pile top are 0.006,0.026,and 0.060 m,respectively,all of which do not exceed the corresponding performance level limits.The overall performance of the structure is good,meeting the fortification goals of “no damage during small earthquakes,repairable during medium earthquakes,and no collapse during large earthquakes”.
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2026(4):72-81
Abstract:
To address the complex dynamic issues for barges loaded with heavy,high-center-of-gravity and large windward area cargo,such as large steel cylinders,during quayside mooring—including excessive motions,extreme mooring line tensions under effects of wind,wave,and current,a systematic numerical study is conducted.A coupled “frequency-domain and time-domain” approach is employed.A frequency-domain hydrodynamic model of barge is developed in OrcaWave using 3D potential flow theory to obtain key parameters like added mass and wave excitation forces.A fully-coupled time-domain model,integrating the barge,cargo,quay,and mooring lines,is built in OrcaFlex.Simulations are performed for four sea states with varying wave periods and wind speeds.The results quantitatively demonstrate that wave period is the dominant environmental factor governing mooring system safety.Long-period waves are the primary cause of the large-amplitude,low-frequency motions of heavy load barge that induce extreme loads in the mooring system.
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DONG Yanhe, CHEN Yiming, JIN Zhefei, HUANG Li
2026(4):82-89
Abstract:
东江作业区；挖入式港池；规划；布置方案；水流；淤积;二维数学模型
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ALOTAIBI Rami Talal T, DU Muzi, LI Zhongfu
2026(4):90-96
Abstract:
In response to the complex risk factors and difficulties in risk identification and management in overseas port construction projects,risk identification,risk level assessment,risk trend analysis,and risk correlation research have been conducted.Engineering statistical information extraction and quantitative analysis methods are adopted to extract 24 risk events from 73 overseas port construction projects.The occurrence probability,processing cost,and project delay of each risk event are calculated to draw a development trend chart.By applying conditional probability calculation and regression analysis methods,the correlation among risk events is determined,and three risk chains are finally obtained.The research results indicate that extreme high temperatures,tidal changes,changes in property owners,import restrictions,and caisson transportation and installation are high-risk events.Since 2017,the occurrence probability of natural and social environmental risks has shown an upward trend,the cost of handling extreme heat risks has significantly increased,and the delay in construction caused by owner and social risks has significantly increased.Chinese project managers can use methods such as improving contract details,strengthening preliminary planning discussions,and cooperating with design to develop material substitution plans to control the top nodes in the risk chain and curb the spread and propagation of risks.
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CHEN Jifeng, WANG Jingkun, WANG Chong, SHEN Yusheng, WU Jinming
2026(4):97-105
Abstract:
Floating breakwaters are widely used in coastal engineering due to their effective wave attenuation capabilities.To address the long-period and large-amplitude wave environment faced by offshore photovoltaic(PV)farms,this study optimizes floating-box breakwaters by attaching inclined wing plates to the bottom of the floating boxes and adopting a double-floating-box configuration.Based on the time-domain wave height response signals under irregular wave conditions obtained from scaled model tests,the wave transmission coefficients are calculated to compare and analyze the wave attenuation performance of floating breakwaters with different structural forms,and the mooring chain forces as well as the motion states of the floating boxes are further measured.The results show that both measures can reduce the wave transmission coefficient and improve the wave attenuation performance of the structure.For every 0.5 m increase in the water entry length of the inclined wing plate,the transmission coefficient decreases by approximately 15%.Selecting the local optimal solution from the experiments,a double-floating-box floating breakwater with inclined wing plates attached to its bottom is designed.This structure exhibits smaller mooring chain forces and has an obvious restraining effect on the surge,heave,and pitch motions of the floating boxes,which is an effective approach in engineering design.
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ZHAO Fei, XIAO Quanfeng, ZHOU Xiaohang, ZHOU Weiming, WANG Wu, YAN Yi
2026(4):106-112
Abstract:
Addressing the insufficient operation capacity of the fixed-side interaction mode adopted by the Guangzhou Nansha Phase IV Automated Terminal,this study proposes a collaborative solution integrating process optimization and layout innovation,based on researching the impact of the yard loading-unloading system and yard planar layout on the interaction capacity of external trucks.By subdividing the functions of interaction zones,reconstructing the operational logic,and optimizing the process flow for the coordination of fixed-point operations with loading and unloading activities,this study further proposes multiple expansion design schemes for interaction zones.Among these schemes,a yard layout featuring an end interaction zone with a U-shaped path based on single-cantilever rail-mounted gantry cranes is selected,which enables the efficient connection of operational links and the rational redistribution and utilization of terminal resources.A simulation model is adopted to verify the optimized scheme,and the results show that the operational capacity of interaction zones for external trucks is increased by 102.00%,which represents a significant breakthrough in overcoming the efficiency constraints of automated terminals with a fixed-side interaction and parallel layout.The collaborative optimization of processes and layout enables a multi-fold improvement in the efficiency of external trucks at low cost,which not only provides an upgrade path for Nansha Phase IV terminal but also serves as a reference for the automated transformation and new construction design of similar terminals.
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LI Zhenxing, ZHENG Wenjin, CHEN Jinqiao
2026(4):113-120
Abstract:
In view of the long-term risks of settlement,displacement,scouring,and collapse in breakwaters of hazardous chemical terminals,a comprehensive monitoring study on the basis of multi-source data integration is conducted,and a two-year engineering application is carried out on the breakwater of a liquefied natural gas project in Jiangsu.Twenty-five global navigation satellite system monitoring points are deployed for millimeter-level settlement and displacement monitoring.Underwater topographic data are acquired and processed by the fusion technology of multi-beam and side-scan sonar to generate high-precision 3D topographic maps.Surface sliding and collapse of the breakwater is identified by combining unmanned aerial vehicle imagery with high-definition camera surveillance.Finally,all monitoring data are integrated through a cloud platform to achieve real-time collection,monitoring,and comprehensive analysis.The results show that the integration and comprehensive analysis technique of multi-source data greatly enhances the accuracy and timeliness of breakwater monitoring,achieving a transition from single-point,low-frequency manual monitoring to multi-dimensional,automated,and intelligent monitoring.This technique provides reliable technical support for the safety management of hazardous chemical terminal breakwaters and offers valuable reference for the safe operation and risk management of similar port facilities.
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2026(4):121-127
Abstract:
The common leading mark design involves aligning the front and rear marks with the central axis of the navigation channel.The central channel marks,along with light buoys distributed on both sides of the channel,guide vessels safely in and out of the port.However,in northern ports,the winter freezing period brings large volumes of floating ice,which can damage or displace these floating marks.This poses a risk to navigation safety in channel segments where the effectiveness of central leading marks is compromised.Additionally,relying solely on central leading marks provides limited navigational assistance for two-way traffic during vessel meetings.To address these issues,Multi-group leading marks can be installed to meet different pilotage needs.However,current design standards for leading marks primarily focus on parameters for central channel marks,offering little practical guidance for designing multiple sets.The entrance channel of the Huanghua Port Coal Terminal accommodates two-way traffic for 70,000 DWT vessels,making its leading mark design a typical reference for multi-group leading marks design in northern ports.This study examines the parameter selection process in multi-group leading marks design through project examples,highlighting key considerations.It proposes a method for determining the lateral spacing of multi-group leading marks and outlines design principles for side leading marks.The study also summarizes the navigational environmental characteristics during ice periods in northern ports and analyzes suitable scenarios for deploying multi-group leading marks.Finally,it identifies the main technical points for leading marks design in northern areas of China,providing reference and guidance for similar projects and the revision of industry standards.
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GONG Weiwei, LI Yefu, CHEN Feng, CHEN Xiaokai, CHEN Jin, ZHU Xunxing
2026(4):128-134
Abstract:
This study investigates the application of static pressure pile planting technology to address challenges in the reinforcement and reconstruction of sheet pile-gravity composite wharves,including complex strata,sensitivity of existing structures,and restricted construction space.By adopting methods such as pile-pressing force decomposition analysis,equipment selection comparison,and construction process optimization,a static pressure pile planting system for steel sheet piles is established to adapt to the triple constraints of “structural protection + complex strata + limited space”.Results indicate that when penetrating various structures and complex foundation conditions,the GIKEN SCU-600M static press,combined with staged auger drilling technology using spiral drill pipes,can effectively reduce pile-end resistance,control the pile-pressing force within the range of 150-350 kN,and achieve stable penetration.After the establishment of this construction system,the construction efficiency is improved by approximately 31%,the average single-pile construction time is shortened from 3.23 h to 2.22 h,the positioning accuracy reaches ±3 mm,and the verticality error is controlled within 1%.Static pressure pile planting technology can achieve low-disturbance,high-precision,and high-reliability construction under complex conditions,making it particularly suitable for port reconstruction projects with strict structural protection requirements.The research outcomes are replicable and have popularization and application value in the reinforcement of port structures,providing a quantifiable technical reference for similar projects.
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DENG Ruimin, HUANG Yuehua, WANG Yuan
2026(4):135-142
Abstract:
To address the prominent shortcomings in safety and emergency management at Zhapo fishing port in Yangjiang,such as outdated monitoring methods,slow emergency response,insufficient collaborative linkage,and lack of scientific support for decision-making,a smart emergency command system based on digital twin technology is constructed.The system takes the five-dimensional digital twin model as its theoretical framework,integrates technologies such as the internet of things(IoT),BIM+GIS,big data,and artificial intelligence,and forms an intelligent management closed loop of “sensing-perceiving-analyzing-decision-making-controlling”.Practice shows that,compared with traditional emergency management models,this system successfully transforms the static emergency plans for “people,ships,ports,and venues” into dynamic,visual,manageable,and traceable digital solutions.In typhoon emergency scenarios,the recall response time for fishing vessels is shortened from 2 hours to 40 minutes,with an efficiency improvement of 65%.This verifies that the system can effectively promote the transformation of fishing port emergency management mode from “passive response and experience-based decision-making” to “proactive early warning and scientific regulation”, providing a replicable technical path and practical model for the construction of smart fishing ports in China.
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DENG Can, YUAN Shengliang, GUAN Zhixin, DING Jie, XIONG Zhi, WU Fengjian
2026(4):143-148
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To address the inefficiency,pollution,and safety risks of traditional floating cranes in water transshipping bulk cargo such as coal and ore,this study explores a novel transshipment technology solution to implement the requirements of the “Yangtze River Protection” strategy.Through a comparative analysis of existing transshipment models and vessel characteristics,combined with advancements in continuous loading and unloading equipment,it is proposed that a self-unloading vessel scheme is suitable for sand and gravel transshipment.For coal and ore cargo,an innovative integrated system centered on a chain-bucket continuous unloader,ship loader,and pontoon platform has been developed.Two technical solutions are designed:Scheme 1 features a separated layout of “chain-bucket unloader + belt conveyor + fixed ship loader,” while Scheme 2 integrates unloading and loading functions into a highly compact chain-bucket combined loader-unloader.The results show that both transshipment schemes can achieve an operational efficiency of 2,000 t/h,representing a 300% increase compared to traditional floating crane transshipment(500 t/h),while also enabling zero spillage and zero dust emission during operations.Among them,Scheme 2 demonstrates superior performance in energy consumption and environmental protection due to its highly integrated equipment design.This study provides an innovative technical pathway for the green and efficient transformation of heavy bulk cargo transshipment operations.
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DENG Liang’ai, ZHU Daichen, JIN Jianling
2026(4):149-158
Abstract:
The upper reaches of the Yangtze River feature numerous rapids and hazardous rapids,where navigable safety poses significant challenges.There is an urgent demand for monitoring hydraulic parameters and providing services to vessels navigating these channels,but there is a lack of practical application of suitable monitoring technologies.We analyze multiple flow monitoring technologies and their adaptability,conducting field comparison tests between unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) radar-based flow measurement and UAV surface imaging velocimetry.Then we propose a framework for intelligent application.The results demonstrate that the UAV radar-based method can simultaneously measure flow velocity and water level with high accuracy,velocity measurements achieve over 96% precision,and water level errors are within 0.1 m,making it suitable for monitoring hydraulic parameters in rapids.The UAV imaging velocimetry method effectively captures planar flow fields,proving more applicable for monitoring complex flow patterns in hazardous rapids.By developing an intelligent service system and applying the integrated use of on-site water flow monitoring data and mathematical model calculations,timely,accurate,and more comprehensive water flow information support can be provided for shipping.
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2026(4):159-166
Abstract:
Aiming at the technical challenges faced in the expansion and upgrading of navigation-obstructing dam locks during the capacity enhancement of China’s inland waterways,taking the renovation project of the Yanzhou Hydro-junction on the Lishui River as the research object,systematic research is conducted on key technologies such as optimization of the overall hub layout,arrangement of an unprotected approach channel,determination of the minimum navigable water level at the final cascade,innovative shared layout of power plant and lock structures,application of high-performance materials,and construction diversion in narrow riverbeds.Through methods such as hydraulic model tests and analysis of measured hydrological data,a new hub layout scheme is proposed,which adjusted the original Z-shaped dam alignment to a straight-line alignment,increasing the navigable flow discharge from the original 7,000 m3/s to the 2-year recurrence interval flood standard of 8,910 m3/s.Innovatively adopting a shared structure for the ship lock and power plant building,saving a width of 20 m.Ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)is applied in the bridge pier structures within the stilling basin of the sluice gate,which has three times the abrasion resistance of ordinary concrete.The staged diversion method combining precast concrete enclosure cofferdams with curtain grouting is applied in the ship lock project,successfully overcoming the construction challenges of highly permeable gravel bedding in a narrow riverbed.The conclusions indicate that this project has achieved multi-objective coordination including navigation safety,hub operation,flood control scheduling,and ecological environmental protection,providing a quantifiable and promotable technical path and engineering example for similar renovation projects of navigation-obstructing locks.
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2026(4):167-175
Abstract:
A mathematical model is employed to predict and analyze the effectiveness and impacts of the Phase II Project of the South Passage Channel Regulation in the Yangtze Estuary.The results indicate that,after the project implementation,the ebb current velocities significantly increase along the south side of the spur dike and in the main channel of the bar area,providing critical hydrodynamic support for dredging the shallow section of the bar and maintaining an 8-meter-deep main channel.The spur dike reduces tidal dynamics in the Jiangya North Passage to the north,forming a sheltered area that effectively stabilizes the hydrodynamic boundaries of the South Passage and the Jiuduansha Wetland.Following the project,the channel morphology in the bar area becomes more stable,with enhancing flow dynamics in the main channel,promoting scouring,and a stabilized thalweg—collectively improving channel stability and facilitating construction and maintenance.The results validate the correctness and feasibility of the regulation strategy focusing on “nourishing shoals,stabilizing channels,guiding flow,and blocking sediment.” Moreover,the project shows negligible impacts on adjacent hydraulic structures and the North Passage deepwater channel,with minimal influence on the South Harbor,the South Passage coast,major hydrological facilities,and floodgates.
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YU Tao, LI Jin, HE Junhui, HAN Linfeng
2026(4):176-184
Abstract:
The confluence reach of the Jiuzhou River and the Pinglu Canal is characterized by a large confluence angle,a high discharge ratio,and a considerable elevation drop.During sudden tributary floods,these conditions readily induce flow disturbances and excessive transverse velocities,posing a serious threat to navigation safety.A 150 scale physical model is built to conduct systematic experiments.One baseline design scheme and three optimized alternatives are developed to analyze flow velocity distribution,transverse velocity,sediment deposition patterns,and water surface fluctuations.The results indicate that the maximum transverse velocity in the baseline design reaches 0.49 m/s,significantly exceeding the regulatory limit.Although optimization scheme I reduces the velocity to 0.44 m/s,some non-compliant zones remain.Optimization scheme II effectively controls transverse velocity but causes severe sediment accumulation in the gentle-slope zone.In contrast,optimization scheme III not only ensures compliance with transverse velocity standards but also directs sediment deposition into the settling basin while creating additional low-flow zones suitable for fish habitats.The combined arrangement of multi-stage energy dissipation basins and steep slopes can simultaneously safeguard navigation safety,manage sediment,and support ecological protection.The proposed “navigation-sediment-ecology” integrated management approach offers a practical reference for similar regulation scheme for mountainous confluence reaches.
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LUO Tong, ZHONG Zhenyu, TANG Yi
2026(4):185-192
Abstract:
The contact relationship at the pile-soil interface is a key issue that should be considered in numerical calculations of the stress and deformation of hydraulic structures since the significant differences in the mechanical properties between the pile foundations and the foundation soil.To address the pile-soil interface contact problem,a large-scale multifunctional pile-soil interface shear apparatus independently developed is used to conduct experimental study on the frictional characteristics of the contact interface under different normal force and pile material conditions.The experimental results indicate that the interface shear stress increases with the growth of shear displacement until it reaches a peak value and then stabilizes.This peak value is proportional to the normal stress and is related to the roughness of the pile material.Based on contact mechanics,a calculation model for the pile-soil interface friction coefficient is established,considering both the undamaged and damaged states of the interface soil.The error between the calculated values of the model and the experimental data from interface friction tests is less than 5%,accurately reflecting the frictional characteristics of the pile-soil interface.This model is applied to analyze the bearing characteristics and structural stress-deformation of PHC piles in a lock chamber.The single pile load-displacement relationship and the overall structural displacement calculation results are consistent with field load test results and monitoring data.This model will contribute to enhancing the accuracy offorce and deformation analysis for hydraulic structures.
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2026(4):193-199
Abstract:
The anti-overturning stability calculation of hydraulic structures is a core issue in engineering design.However,the ambiguous division of stabilizing and overturning moments in design codes results in non-unique calculation outcomes,even when the same code or different ones are adopted for anti-overturning stability calculation.In response to the ambiguous division of stabilizing and overturning moments in current codes,this paper analyzes the controversial points of anti-overturning formulas in the Technical Specification for Retaining and Protection of Building Foundation Excavations,Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades,Code for Design of Hydraulic Structures of Shiplocks, and Code for Design of Retaining Walls for Hydropower Projects,and proposes a theoretical framework centered on base stress analysis.The study demonstrates that anti-overturning stability is essentially attributed to the control of base tensile stress.By analyzing the distribution of the compressive area of base stress using the material mechanics method,the critical ratio between stabilizing moments(vertical load moments)and overturning moments(horizontal load moments)is derived.This ratio is an indirect characterization of the base stress distribution state,which ultimately verifies the rationality of the formulas in the Code for Design of Retaining Walls for Hydropower Projects.The research results provide a theoretical basis for unifying the calculation standards of anti-overturning stability and recommend taking base stress verification as the criterion for anti-overturning stability.
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2026(4):200-205
Abstract:
To explore the influence of heavy rainfall on the lateral seepage characteristics of permeable ship lock chambers,this paper adoptes the ANSYS thermal analysis module to establishe a two-dimensional mathematical model of permeable ship lock chamber,considering the irrigation and drainage for navigation,and studies the seepage characteristics of permeable ship lock chambers under no-rainfall and multi-level rainfall conditions.The results show that under no-rainfall conditions,the seepage pressure head at observation points shows a stable periodic variation state after the chamber stable operation,the seepage pressure head amplitude and permeation gradient at the observation points far from the chamber are small.Under light rainfall conditions,the permeability characteristics of the chamber changes insignificantly.However,under heavy rainfall conditions,the seepage pressure head of other observation points rises significantly,except for the observation points controlled by the water level in chamber.The increase and attenuation of the seepage pressure head deviation lag behind the rainfall process.The permeability characteristics of the observation points behind the gate wall change significantly,the seepage pressure head deviation reaches 2.36 meters,and the maximum permeation gradient ratio reaches 2.33.The heavy rainfall has a significant impact on the permeability characteristics of permeable lock chambers and the impact is a hysteretic nature,the seepage characteristics of the soil behind the gate wall are more affected by heavy rainfall.
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CAO Huijiang, LIU Lu, LU Xiaodong
2026(4):206-213
Abstract:
To address the issues of adverse flow conditions and significant siltation in the confined waters of the Longhuazui bend in the Huangpu River,a study is conducted on the bend’s evolution analysis and regulation plan layout.By using technical methods such as data comparison,three-dimensional mathematical models,and ship simulation techniques,a waterway regulation plan is proposed,involving dredging and cutting the shoal of the Longhuazui Bend while filling and stabilizing the deep channel along the concave bank.The model calculation results show that the regulation plan is highly effective.After implementation,the main improvements in navigation conditions for the bend are as follows:1)The turning angle of the water flow within 500 m of the accident-prone bend is reduced by 5.8°.2)The maximum cross-flow during ebb tide is reduced by 30%.3)The siltation on the convex bank is reduced by about 35%.The results of the ship maneuvering simulation model show that after the implementation of the plan,the intensity and frequency of the ship’s steering personnel controlling the ship’s turning have been significantly reduced.The research shows that the menthod of combined “cutting the shoal and filling the bottom”in narrow bends can effectively improve the flow pattern of the bend and reduce siltation on the convex bank.This method has been applied to the Huangpu River,and the research results can provide valuable references and guidance for the optimization of the Huangpu River waterway conditions and similar waterway regulation in the future.
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ZHOU Dongdong, MO Xiong, YIN Binyong, WU Fangwei
2026(4):214-219
Abstract:
To the high reliability requirements of the ship lock control system,an in-depth study is conducted on the application of redundancy technology in the Hunan Water Transport Construction Project- Ship Lock Project.A multi-level redundancy designis adopted,with a dual PLC(programmable logic controller)hot standby architecture deployed at the control layer.Periodic data mirroring is achieved through a dedicated synchronization module,eliminating single point failures.At the network layer,a physically isolated dual-fiber ring network is constructed,reducing the communication packet loss rate to zero.At the data layer,dual engineering node servers are used for hot standby,forming a full-stack fault-tolerant system covering the control layer,network layer,and data layer.Combined with practical engineering cases,a practical analysis and comparison are conducted.The results show that the multi-level redundancy design can significantly improve the fault tolerance of the system,achieving an annual availability rate of 99.99% for the ship lock control system and ensuring zero unplanned downtime for the “Golden Waterway”.The relevant experience and methods can provide reference for similar projects.Based on actual on-site requirements,a dynamic redundancy adjustment mechanism can be adopted to achieve partial equipment redundancy,thereby achieving the effect of “high reliability-low cost-strong adaptability”.
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GUO Zhiyong, ZHENG Xuanbin, ZHAO Qiang
2026(4):220-227
Abstract:
Transporting high-concentration,large-grain rock mixtures via mud pumps in heavy cutter suction dredgers’ rock excavation condition,impeller geometric parameters significantly constrain performance and pose a high risk of clogging.A study is conducted on the impellers of“Tiankun”dredger’s underwater and onboard mud pumps.By applying the relationship formulas between impeller parameters and medium characteristics,combined with numerical simulation analysis of flow fields and external performance,supplemented by model pump tests for validation,the effects of impeller outlet widening and blade optimization are investigated.An analysis of the head,power,and efficiency of the impeller before and after optimization is conducted.The rotational speeds of the underwater and onboard mud pump impellers are determined.The results demonstrate that increasing the impeller outlet width by 10% and optimizing the blade design improve the flow passing diameter by over 5% and the flow volume by more than 15%,significantly enhancing the passage capability for large particles.The total power consumption of the optimized impeller meets the requirements for simultaneous operation of high-power equipment such as cutters,water pumps,and mud pumps.This optimization solution provides parameters and technical pathways for impeller design and serves as a reference for improving the performance of similar equipment in complex solid-liquid conditions.
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LIU Xiao, TENG Yanhua, LI Jing, LI Sen
2026(4):228-235
Abstract:
Large precast concrete bucket foundation for port and waterway engineering has multiple compartments sharing the same top slab,coupled with each other,and the difficulty of leveling construction is high.Excessive foundation inclination might increase resistance and even prevent sinking to designed depth.Thus,continuous and timely leveling control is vital during the sinking process.Current leveling control relies on manual operation,leading to issues such as delayed and passive leveling and low efficiency.To overcome such issues,research on automatic penetration technology is conducted based on the structural characteristics of large multi-compartment bucket foundations.A control mode dominated by foundation inclination and supplemented by pressure is proposed,and the 15 compartments bucket foundation is divided into 8 quadrants and 9 states.Using the PID（proportional，integral and derivative)method,an algorithm based on the real-time monitoring data to adjust the proportional valve opening is developed to control water extraction flow and inner pressure.An automatic leveling control program is then formulated.Engineering application results demonstrate that the automatic penetration technology can increase the penetration rate of large multi-compartment bucket foundations to 1.5 m/h.This reduces the installation time from the original 16-18 h under manual control to 12 h,with an efficiency increase of approximately 30%.Additionally,the elevation difference at monitoring points during installation is consistently maintained within 0.15 m,effectively enhancing control precision and ensuring stable and safe penetration.
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2026(4):236-244
Abstract:
The East Artificial Island of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link serves as the foundation for the large interchange between the tunnel and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen coastal expressway bridge,and it is located directly beneath the existing coastal expressway.A total of 41 piers of the expressway are situated within the island and are affected by the construction of the artificial island filling.To ensure the normal operation of the coastal expressway,both the horizontal and vertical displacement control values at the pier tops must be maintained within 5 mm during construction and after the completion of the artificial island.In response to the challenges of bridge deformation control during the construction of the artificial island,key measures such as strengthening the foundation of the island-wall structure,setting up isolation protection piles for piers,backfilling in sections with proper foundation treatment,and reasonably controlling the backfill height difference are adopted in the design scheme of the artificial island.The geotechnical finite element analysis software midas GTS NX-2017 is used to analyze the influence of the island filling process and island wall structure construction of the artificial island on the deformation of the abutments.Real-time monitoring of bridge settlement and displacement is conducted to guide the construction process.These measures successfully facilitated the formation of the East Artificial Island under the coastal expressway bridge,ensuring the smooth completion of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link and the normal operation of the coastal expressway,which provides reference significance for other engineering constructions.
2026 Issue 4
Perspective
Structure and Facilities
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Construction
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
