Abstract:Phase Ⅰ container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port is a systematic renovation project for old terminal in China.It has made proactive explorations in the green and smart ecological upgrades of the port,conducting a series of innovative practices.Through the“stock renovation+technological innovation”model,it has reduced carbon emissions from traditional bulk cargo terminals by 85% and improved operational efficiency by 30%.In terms of green exploration,detailed plans for demolition,renovation,and construction are formulated,achieving a resource utilization rate of 70% for old structures.The 30% of demolished building materials are all reused.Green and energy-saving technologies such as full berth shore power supply,construction of AIV(intelligent guided vehicle)intelligent charging and swapping stations,and photovoltaic power generation within the port area are implemented.The total clean energy consumption has reached 97% of the comprehensive energy consumption,achieving green and energy-saving operation of the terminal.In the construction of smart ports,a new generation of intelligent control system Neo-TOS is developed using full stack autonomous and controllable network technology,control technology,operating system,computing chip,storage and database system,etc.,to achieve intelligent operation of production planning,task scheduling,and interactive control.Through the newly developed horizontal transportation management and scheduling system(HTMS),the project innovatively achieves full automation mixed operation of different levels of automated horizontal transportation equipment within the same port area.

Abstract:The existing bulk cargo terminal shoreline and adjacent land area in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port will be upgraded into an automated container terminal through integrated renovation.After multi-scheme demonstration,the engineering design pioneers an automated container terminal solution featuring the “long approach bridge,one-line triple-use” shoreline utilization model,creating a new approach for renovating deep-water shoreline terminals.The designed throughput capacity of the 100 m shoreline of the project is approximately 30% higher than that of ordinary shoreward-type terminals.During the renovation process,70% of the original pile foundations and existing structures are retained,while 100% of the dismantled materials from the remaining 30% are recycled.During the operation phase,fully electric-powered equipment is employed,combined with photovoltaic power generation and shore power systems,to achieve zero carbon emissions during operations.Relying on the self-developed intelligent management system Neo-TOS and horizontal transport scheduling system HTMS,the project enables L4 unmanned AIVs to navigate the entire site without magnetic nails and supports the mixed operation of various automated equipment.This enhances operation efficiency by 30% and reduces operating costs by 25%.By reconstructing shoreline and land space resources and innovation of engineering methods to enhance quality and efficiency,this approach provides a reference for similar ports undergoing transformation and upgrading to achieve green,low-carbon operations and resource recycling.It demonstrates significant value for the high-quality development of green and smart ports in the industry.

Abstract:With the accelerating global trend towards intelligent port upgrades,in view of the key problems of critical challenges of efficient shoreline resource utilization and optimized layout adjustment encountered during the transformation of traditional bulk cargo terminals into automated container terminals,phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port is focused on,and shoreline utilization schemes that meet future development demands and align with port intelligent upgrades are studied.The core factors influencing berth layout are systematically identified and thoroughly analyzed by closely integrating the port area's existing conditions with the specific technical requirements of automated container terminal layouts.Detailed analysis and projections are conducted regarding the port area's functional positioning,construction scale,and vessel types.Two distinct berth utilization schemes including the retained basin entrance plan and the closed basin entrance plan are proposed.A comprehensive comparative assessment is carried out encompassing shoreline resource utilization efficiency,adaptability to operation,suitability for automation,operational efficiency and management implications.The results show that the retained basin entrance plan is better suited to the specific characteristics and developmental requirements of this project.

Abstract:The phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port is the first fully renovative case in China to convert a traditional bulk cargo terminal into an automated container terminal.The project exemplifies the intensive and economical use of resources,and represents a significant practice in developing new quality productive forces through the renovation and upgrading of traditional industries.In terms of general layout,the project innovatively introduces a “triple lines of berths in single shoreline along the long approach bridge” design.The traditional physical isolation between manually assisted operation areas and automated operation zones at the terminal front operation area is removed.The automated handling process and traffic flow organization achieves limited mixed operation between automated intelligent vehicle and manually driven trucks.The construction plan fully demonstrates the circular and intensive utilization of existing facilities.On the basis of the characteristics of phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,we summarize some innovative methods on the general layout mode for building new generation automated container terminals,and provide references for the construction of other domestic automated container terminals and the automation upgrading and renovation of traditional manual terminals.

Abstract:Shanghai Port is located at the junction of two major economic belts and serves as an international comprehensive transportation hub in the national integrated three-dimensional transportation network.It is a strategic support point for building a new development pattern and achieving domestic and international dual circulation.Luojing port area is one of the three main cargo port areas of Shanghai Port.Luojing operation area was once the main operation area for bulk and general cargo transportation in Shanghai Port.However,due to market changes,environmental protection requirements and other factors,the bulk cargo terminal was shut down.Under the development requirements of the new era,how to re-examine the role and status of Luojing operation area in the development of the city and the regional logistics pattern,and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the port is a major challenge after the shutdown of the bulk cargo terminal.We systematically analyze the impact of the withdrawal of the bulk cargo function of Luojing port area on the transportation of bulk energy and materials along the Yangtze River through comparative analysis and other methods.We analyze the main problems existing in the development of Shanghai Port from a global perspective,and make full use of the resource conditions to propose that Luojing terminal would primarily focus on container and breakbulk cargo transportation.Through technical upgrades,the bulk cargo berth would be adjusted to include 3 berths with a capacity of 50,000 to 100,000 tonnage and 7 container berths with a capacity of 10,000 tonnage,resulting in an overall capacity of approximately 4 million TEU,to increase the container handling capacity of Shanghai Port by 10%.The results can provide an important resource guarantee for the sustainable development of Shanghai International Shipping Center.

Abstract:The automated container yard is a crucial component of automated terminals.Rational layout of automated container yard will have a positive impact on the comprehensive throughput capacity,operation efficiency and operating costs of the terminal.Based on the utilization plan for water area shoreline,land resources,and operational characteristics of automated container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area,a systematic study is conducted on the layout model of its automated container yard.The proposed layout mode includes arranging the yard operation lines parallel to the quay,allowing automated intelligent vehicles to enter the yard for operations.The yard operation adopts a combination of single-arm and double-arm automated rail-mounted gantry cranes (ARMGs).In the front single-arm ARMG operation area,trucks are physically isolated by a fence,while in the rear double-arm ARMG operation area,isolation is achieved through separate lanes for internal and external trucks plus a P-shaped path at the end of the operation line for turning around.This layout mode features high equipment utilization,low construction and operational costs,efficient use of land area,and effective traffic organization.It offers reference value for the construction of similar container terminals and the automation upgrade of traditional container terminals.

Abstract:To ensure safe and efficient operations,dedicated layout and handling equipment for automated container terminals are generally applied to isolate automated zones from non-automated areas spatially or temporally.It is difficult to achieve complete isolation between automated intelligent vehicle (AIV) and manually operated vehicle in the wharf and approach bridge areas in phase I container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port.By summarizing the layout principles of safety isolation facilities and safety management protocols for automated container terminals under different technical approaches,we organize a series of combined innovative practices in areas such as cargo handling technology routes,traffic flow organization,and yard management combining with the characteristics of the phase I project.We provide detailed explanations regarding the layout of automated and non-automated zones,the arrangement of fencing and access control systems,the path planning principles for AIV and manually operated vehicle,innovative designs for personnel and vehicle safety management within the automated zone,and future optimization directions.Ultimately,mixed operation between AIV and manually operated vehicle within the automated zone is achieved.

Abstract:Driven by the global intelligent transformation of ports and the dual carbon goals,fully automated container terminals have become the core direction for port upgrading.In view of the different characteristics of automated container terminals themselves,especially in the approach bridge type terminal structure (such as Shanghai Waigaoqiao port area and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port),the high waterway-waterway transit ratio (such as the fourth phase of Guangzhou Nansha),as well as the complex water conditions of the terminal (such as inland river terminal in the Yangtze River ) or in the case of renovated terminals,the traditional layout mode of automated container terminals with the container yard operation lines perpendicular to the shoreline cannot be well adapted.By analyzing the existing problems in the vertical layout and end loading and unloading mode automated terminals in terms of traffic organization and operational efficiency when dealing with the conditions of approach bridge and high waterway-waterway transit ratio,this paper proposes a suitable container terminal yard layout mode for approach bridge layout and waterway-waterway transit ratio conditions from the aspects of terminal shoreline utilization and water area layout,yard layout,and traffic organization,which can provide reference for the design of similar fully automated container terminals.

Abstract:In the design of automated container terminals,the horizontal transportation is one of the most challenging aspects to achieve automation,and the smoothness of traffic organization has a direct impact on the operational efficiency of the terminal.Currently,the traffic organization methods adopted in automated container terminals can be classified into complete isolation,spatial isolation,and temporal isolation of manned and unmanned horizontal transportation equipment.By analyzing the characteristics of different isolation modes of manned and unmanned horizontal transportation equipment in existing automated terminals,and in light of the features of phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,three isolation methods are proposed.Comparative analyses are conducted in terms of traffic organization,vehicle travel distance,reduction in the number of ground container positions,and the impact on future traffic adjustments.It is clarified that the end turn (P-shaped) isolation mode is adopted for manned and unmanned horizontal transportation equipment in this project.

Abstract:A solution under the“long-span bridge,one line for three uses”shoreline utilization model is innovatively proposed for phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port.The automated loading and unloading mode at the terminal front,the selection of gantry cranes,the layout plan for the terminal front operation zone,and traffic organization within the terminal area are systematically studied in this paper.The selection of gantry crane equipment with the modification plan for hydraulic structures,the loading and unloading process scheme,and the overall layout of water areas and vehicle flow are comprehensive studied by considering the characteristics and requirements of this renovation project.The two common fully terminal front automated loading and unloading modes are comprehensive analyzed.An automated single small crane container handling bridge combined with automated intelligent vehicle (AIV) for track-internal loading and unloading,the suitable scheme for the features of this project,is proposed.This project has already been put into operation,and related studies have been well validated in practice.

Abstract:After the commissioning phase Ⅰ container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port（abbreviation：phase I renovation project in Luojing）,the traffic congestion at the intersection of the quay front and approach bridge has become a bottleneck restricting the improvement of wharf operational efficiency.To effectively improve this situation,a traffic organization optimization plan is proposed and its optimization effect is verified using system simulation methods.Taking the transportation within the port as the core research object,based on the wharf layout,vehicle driving rules,and traffic flow path planning,a traffic simulation model for the wharf front approach bridges of phase I renovation project in Luojing is constructed.By simulating the operation process of AIV (automated intelligent vehicle) during the peak operation period at the wharf,key indicators such as intersection delay time,quay crane efficiency and utilization rate,and AIV cycle time are statistically analyzed to conduct a quantitative comparative analysis of different traffic organization schemes.The research shows that compared with the current operational scheme of the terminal,the optimized traffic organization scheme demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in reducing traffic conflicts and enhancing the efficiency of quay cranes.Moreover,as the number of AIV deployed increases,the advantages of this optimized scheme become even more prominent,providing strong support for improving the overall operational efficiency of the terminal.

Abstract:The pipeline network layout in the terminal land area is extensive,with a wide variety of pipeline types.Moreover,as a hidden project,the pipelines are difficult to maintain and inspect later on.This paper proposes the use of building information modeling (BIM)+augmented reality (AR) technology to enhance the reliability of the design scheme and improve the precision of pipeline layout.At the same time,it aims to accumulate data assets to lay a foundation for later digital operation and maintenance.Due to its three-dimensional visualization advantages,BIM technology can play a significant role in pipeline network design.BIM+AR technology can further conduct on-site layout of pipeline design results,thus expanding the application value of BIM technology.However,the application practice of BIM+AR technology in the pipeline network of the terminal yard is currently limited.This paper presents the implementation steps and application methods of BIM+AR technology in the pipeline network integration of the terminal yard and verifies them through phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port.The results show that BIM+AR technology can be used for scheme optimization and briefing,construction progress,quality and safety management,guiding the construction of complex nodes,and serving later operation and maintenance.The technology is replicable and can be promoted.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of how to effectively utilize the original terminal structure in the upgrading and reconstruction project of high pile wharf,based on the phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,the principles and key issues of comprehensive utilization of the original terminal structure are put proposed.The compliance of the original structure with existing specifications,the judgment method of remaining service life,and the treatment method of the interface between new and old concrete are analyzed and studied.This paper proposes a comprehensive solution to the problems of general layout,process,and hydraulic structure during renovation,and lists multiple feasible technical routes for utilizing the original structure during renovation.The general conclusions are that it is advisable to mainly review the structural construction requirements according to the design specifications of the current year,and the remaining life of the structure should be determined through testing and evaluation.The project willThree original wharves are arranged in the plan layout at the location of the less loaded driving channel,and lightweight equipment is used to reduce the load on the quay crane by about 20%.Through practice,conventional construction methods can be used to achieve technical routes such as dismantling and rebuilding the original structure,reinforcing the original structure with supplementary pile foundations,raising the dock elevation by 0.2-1.6 m,adding scaffolding and replacing panels to the approach bridge,and constructing new water and electricity pipeline routes under the original structure.

Abstract:To promote the conservation and efficient use of resources,in recent years,China has accelerated the renovation and expansion of various old wharves.With the development of the economy and the improvement of port engineering technology,the relevant codes and standards for water transport projects have been gradually updated.The differences between the old and new codes are often reflected in the stricter requirements of the new codes.In response to the problem that some old structures in the renovation of old wharves cannot meet the current code requirements,a study on the differences between the old and new norms is conducted.Through the example of phase Ⅰ container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,the differences in five aspects,including the concrete strength grade,the limit value of concrete chloride ion permeability,the minimum reinforcement ratio of concrete,the minimum thickness of concrete cover,and the dimension parameters in calculation of the compressive bearing capacity of the positive section of the pile foundation,as well as the ideas and precautions for structural reinforcement and renovation,are summarized.The results can provide more targeted guidance for the renovation of old wharf structures and offer certain references for similar old wharf renovation projects.

Abstract:To improve transportation efficiency,reduce logistics transportation costs,increase transportation safety and ensure cargo quality,and make rational use of limited shoreline resources,it has become more and more common for ports to convert bulk cargoes originally transported in bulk to container transportation in recent years.To ensure the safety and normal operation of the wharf structure after reconstruction,the existing wharf usually needs to first assess and grade the damage conditions,then repair and strengthen the original structural components before further reconstruction and expansion into a container terminal.In the process of wharf design,it is necessary to select and compare the reinforcement and reconstruction schemes commonly used in engineering,put forward a set of clear,safe and practical technical path for wharf reinforcement and reconstruction,systematically match the damage types of complex old wharf with the repair and reinforcement scheme,form the technical requirements that can be promoted and provide clear,complete,safe,applicable and highly implementable technical requirements for construction.According to the different damage conditions of the original wharf structure,such as crack closure,damage repair,structural component reinforcement,pile foundation repair and so on,phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port has formulated the corresponding repair scheme.It provides technical reference cases and reusable engineering experience for the repair and reconstruction of high-pile beam and slab wharfs in other regions.

Abstract:There are the insufficient bearing capacity,inadequate operational space,and structural aging of the old approach bridge in Luojing port area.To achieve scientific decision-making for the renovation scheme,we build a quantitative evaluation system with 5 primary indicators(progress,cost,safety,quality,environmental protection) and 13 secondary indicators by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).After experts built judgment matrices by the 1-5 scaling method and passed consistency checking,we identify cost and progress as core evaluation dimensions,and quantitatively compare three schemes including scheme 1(adding piers to reduce span to 13.5 m with existing piles),scheme 2(supplementing piles to maintain 27 m span),and scheme 3(full demolition and reconstruction of a 40 m approach bridge).The results show scheme 1 scored highest(4.16/5),outperforming scheme 2(3.58) and scheme 3(2.45),with 20% lower direct costs and 30% shorter construction period.Although scheme 1 reduces flood discharge section,optimizing pile layout and anti-collision measures mitigate flood impacts.AHP can effectively solve the problem of multi-objective decision-making,providing a replicable quantitative framework for port approach bridge renovation and referencing similar projects.

Abstract:Accelerated development of port infrastructure in China has intensified demands for higher throughput capacity and elevated berth class standards.Parallel shifts in vessel-transported cargo types necessitate multifunctional wharf structures.To adapt to the development trend of modern ports,it is urgent to carry out renovation and upgrading of the existing aging wharfs.Wharfs with critically limited residual service life and insufficient adaptability to modern vessel dimensions or operational profiles typically require complete demolition followed by in-situ reconstruction.Taking the demolition project of coal terminal in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as an example,this study establishes technical requirements for demolition scope delineation,dismantlement of pile-supported wharf components (beams,slabs,and piles),and dredging strategy optimization.Cost breakdown analysis of demolition methodologies provides foundational technical parameters for subsequent reconstruction.The research results can provide a reference for similar pile-supported wharf demolition projects.

Abstract:Given the insufficient construction technology of the early wharf pile foundation,which led to poor pile driving accuracy,the detection of original pile positions has become crucial for the reconstruction and expansion projects of high-pile wharfs.Taking the coal terminal in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as an example,this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the detection technology for the parameters of the dismantled and retained piles in the original wharf.In practical detection,unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a laser radar and unmanned ships equipped with multi-beam system are used to detect the underwater pile positions.Total stations are employed to measure the pile positions of the retained parts of the wharf.By combining modeling,measurement,and calculation methods,the pile position information is accurately obtained.The research concludes that the reconstruction projects of wharfs with a long construction history,the original pile position detection and analysis should be carried out to support the layout of new pile positions.After large-scale demolition,UAVs and unmanned ships offer fast detection rates and high precision.The undemolished wharf deck and equipment cause significant interference and low precision in underwater detection.Data on retained piles can be measured using a total station,which may have low efficiency but high precision after correction.These conclusions provide a reliable basis for the design of new pile positions in wharf reconstruction and expansion projects at their original sites.

Abstract:After the buckling instability of a compressed member,it will lose the ability to bear the original designed load,which may lead to serious consequences such as structural collapse.Therefore,it should be avoided as much as possible in the structural design process.Based on the previous design experience of high-pile wharves,due to the limited tonnage of the wharf,the calculated length of the pile foundation is relatively small,and the slenderness ratio is not large.Generally,the buckling stability of the pile foundation can meet the requirements.During the design process,more attention is often paid to the bearing capacity of the pile foundation controlled by the soil layer of the foundation,while the bearing capacity of the pile foundation controlled by the buckling stability is ignored.With the development of large-scale ships in recent years and the increasing tonnage of wharves,compared with previous projects,the length of the pile foundation above the mud surface of high-pile wharves has changed significantly,and buckling stability may become a controlling factor for the bearing capacity of the pile foundation.In response to the above problems,taking phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as an example,the buckling stability of the pile foundation of high-pile wharves is studied,and the force performance and characteristics of pile foundation of different scales are analyzed.The conclusion is drawn that the buckling stability of large-scale pile foundations is less sensitive to changes in pile length and is more suitable for large wharves.The research results can provide a reference for the selection of pile types in wharf structure design.

Abstract:As an important port engineering structure,steel piles are more and more widely used in port engineering.However,due to the long-term exposure to complex marine (river) environment，steel piles in port engineering face serious chemical corrosion.The commonly used anti-corrosion measures for steel piles include:coating protection,metal thermal spraying protection,wrapped organic composite layer protection,sacrificial anode cathodic protection,impressed current cathodic protection and other methods.Among the many anti-corrosion measures,the sacrificial anode cathodic protection method is one of the most commonly used and effective method at home and abroad,which is commonly used in underwater area and mud area.In view of the problem that the strength of steel piles is reduced due to corrosion,which has an important impact on the structural safety of port engineering,the application of sacrificial anode cathodic protection technology in wharf engineering is studied.The protection effect of aluminum-zinc-indium anode is evaluated by combining theoretical analysis with on-site experience through means such as potential detection.The results show that when the protection potential is maintained at -1.05 - -0.85 V ( relative to the Cu/CuSO4?electrode ),the corrosion rate of the steel pile is reduced by about 90 %.The service life of the anode body of a single pile can reach about 30 years,and the sacrificial anode system can significantly prolong the service life of the steel pile structure of the wharf.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of initial accident rainwater collection in goods loading and unloading area of Luojing container terminal,the initial rainwater collection scheme and its influence on the terminal are studied.The collection schemes of initial rainwater confluence from both sides to the middle and from the middle to both sides are designed.The comparative analysis method is used to qualitatively compare the effects of the two schemes on drainage function,usage function,hydraulic structure and cost investment.The research shows that the water collection scheme from both sides to the middle realizes the efficient collection and automatic collection management of the initial rainwater gravity flow through the design of the double drainage ditch in the middle.The structure layout is simple,but the cover plate of the double drainage ditch in the middle has a certain influence on the driving of the vehicle.The water collection scheme from the middle to both sides is arranged through the three drainage channels of the front,middle and rear.Although the influence of the cover plate of the middle drainage ditch on the driving of the vehicle is reduced,the scheme of collecting water is complicated due to the shortage of the front space.Whether it is the manual collection of the sewage vehicle scattered in the collecting pool or the continuous water collection design that increasing the distance between the front rail and the front line of the wharf,they are faced with the problems of reduced water collection efficiency,increased structural complexity,potential loading and unloading capacity and limited efficiency.The two water collection schemes only affect the detailed structure of the wharf,and the cost can be ignored compared with the wharf investment.This study shows the importance of initial rainwater collection and structural collaborative design of high-pile beam-slab wharf,and provides reference for subsequent similar wharf design.

Abstract:The adjustment of port cargo types is deeply bound to environmental protection policies,and has become the core path for the green transformation of ports.Aiming at the problems such as the significant increase in surface runoff of rainwater,the multi-party constraints on the path and scale of rainwater discharge,and the control of initial rainwater runoff pollution,we carry out a study on the drainage design of automated container renovation projects under restrictions.Using the methods such as qualitative and quantitative analysis and case studies,we combine the drainage concept of “infiltration,retention,storage,purification,utilization,and discharge” of municipal sponge cities with the operational characteristics of automated container yards and the actual situation of renovation projects,and summarize a sponge drainage design scheme suitable for the green renovation and upgrading of ports.The results show that by adopting the design scheme of using old strip stone paving between containers,decentralized rainwater storage tanks for peak shaving and pollution control,and joint drainage and regulation of the port area drainage system,the problem of rainwater runoff discharge gaps can be solved,the interception and disposal of initial rainwater can be realized,and the ecological benefits and engineering feasibility can be balanced.The results can provide a reusable technical path for the similar port automation renovation projects.

Abstract:With the continuous improvement of the domestic economic development and the increasing requirements for environmental protection,the intelligent and clean transformation of old terminals has become a hot topic.Taking phaseⅠautomated container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as an example,the key points of water supply-drainage and fire fighting design under restrictive factors such as the change of the terminal cargo type and structural transformation are discussed.By comparing and analyzing the differences of water supply-drainage and fire fighting facilities before and after the change of cargo type at the terminal,it is concluded that in the renovation of old terminals,the principle of benefiting fire fighting and rainwater systems of old terminal should be given priority.By optimizing the layout and installation of water supply-drainage,as well as fire fighting pipelines,we will benefit the old structures such as potholes,corbel,and beams of old wharfs,so as to avoid the numerous and complex problems of water supply-drainage,fire fighting facility potholes,and corbel in the hydraulic structure after the dock renovation.At the same time,the advantages and disadvantages of the current dock ballast water treatment technology are compared and summarized.From the perspective of protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River and the marine,a plan for reserved dock ballast water receiving pipelines and treatment facilities is proposed,which can provide reference for renovation projects of similar old terminals.

Abstract:AIV (autonomous intelligent vehicle) as the core horizontal transport equipment in large-scale fully automated container terminals,directly affects the operational efficiency,operating costs,and reliability of loading and unloading process system in the port area through its power and energy supply mode.To the selection of energy medium supplementation methods for electrically driven AIVs in the phase I of the container terminal renovation project in the Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the two energy medium supplementation methods of charging and battery swapping for electrically driven AIVs are conducted.It is determined that the intelligent battery-swapping system would be adopted to provide energy supplementation for the AIV transfer equipment.Regarding the determination of battery swap station locations and layout configurations,multiple factors are thoroughly evaluated,including:annual throughput capacity,land utilization efficiency and traffic flow organization.The analysis obtains a layout mode of the intelligent battery swap station suitable for this project.As a large fully automated container terminal,the application of the main energy replenishment method for the horizontal transportation equipment AIV and the layout scheme of the intelligent battery swap system in this project can provide decision-making basis for the construction of similar port projects.

Abstract:Luojing container terminal renovation project is a “bulk-to-container” functional transformation project.It involves redesigning and constructing the existing Luojing bulk cargo terminal into a fully automated container terminal model.After the conversion from bulk cargo to containers,both the types and capacity of the electrical load in the port area have significantly increased,with dynamic changes in demand across different phases.The main challenges include:how to carry out the renovation of the power supply and distribution system based on the existing two 35 kV main step-down substations in the original bulk cargo port area,how to ensure the orderly integration of the power supply and distribution system and pipeline network with subsequent phases during the construction of the fully automated container terminal,and how to enhance the stability and reliability of power supply system of the terminal.Considering the current conditions of the Luojing bulk cargo port area and relevant regulatory requirements,an overall upgrade and load distribution plan for the power supply and distribution system and a “master planning,phased implementation” approach for the power supply and distribution system and pipeline network are developed,research and analysis are carried out on the construction of intelligent power distribution systems in ports,and corresponding solutions and measures have been implemented,which can serve as a reference for the design of power supply and distribution systems in similar port projects.

Abstract:Aiming at the complex stress problem of caisson structure in soft soil area,taking the caisson foundation of rainwater storage tank in the first phase of container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as an example,the key points of caisson design and construction of large storage tank structure are analyzed.The three-dimensional integral finite element calculation and analysis model is used to analyze the overall stress of the caisson structure in three stages:before sinking to the bottom,after sinking to the bottom and normal use.According to the results of stress analysis,considering the checking requirements of ultimate limit state and service limit state,the reinforcement design of each structural member is carried out respectively,and the amount of reinforcement is optimized.Based on the construction experience of engineering caisson foundations,the key points of caisson foundation construction are summarized.The results show that it is reasonable to use three-dimensional integral finite element analysis for the stress structure with complex stress,and some stress concentration parts should be reasonably judged before further structural design.During the construction of the caisson,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and formulate the construction emergency record to ensure the safety during the construction period.The research results can provide reference for design and construction of similar engineering.

Abstract:This study addresses the absence of mature,standardized construction techniques and formal cost estimation benchmarks for high-pile wharf demolition.Taking the container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as a case study,the research systematically investigates demolition methodologies.It analyzes key processes including beam-slab cutting,intermediate dredging around piles,pile truncation,and reinforced concrete recycling to propose a rational demolition sequence compliant with current safety and environmental regulations.By analyzing resource consumption data from actual demolition cases and referencing quotas from similar projects,the study develops a tailored framework for cost estimation in waterway engineering.Based on this,taking the standard beam-slab structure of the high-pile wharf as the research object,the analysis identifies the most economical and efficient solution as a combined cutting-and-hoisting scheme.The results demonstrate that segmenting superstructures using wire-saw cutting into sections under 200 t,followed by hoisting,is the optimal method.For underwater pile foundations,heavy grab or underwater mechanical cutting is recommended,with a productivity of 1.5-2.0 piles per day.The estimated demolition cost for the superstructure reinforced concrete ranges from 563 to 811 CNY/m3.

Abstract:The complex natural conditions,high utilization rate,and frequent design changes of the wharf renovation project pose challenges to its engineering pricing work.The current relevant specification has problems in cost audit,including incomplete feature descriptions,insufficient types of sub-items,inconsistency between quota consumption and actual situation,and inconsistent rules for calculating quantities.Taking the phase I container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port as the research object,by using the case analysis method,the key issues in the project settlement audit are sorted out,and solutions such as splitting list items,adding special sub-items,adjusting quota consumption,and standardizing quantity calculation rules of the project quantity are proposed.A four-level cost indicator system for wharf renovation projects is constructed.The second-level and third-level indicators decompose construction costs to realize the classification and refinement of cost indicators.The fourth-level indicators such as engineering quantity indicators and comprehensive unit prices provide accurate quantitative basis for the content of wharf renovation project.The research conclusions provide a practical paradigm for the cost audit of wharf renovation projects,and the accumulated cost data provide key support for the dynamic update of the pricing standards for port and waterway engineering.

Abstract:To address issues such as low efficiency,insufficient intelligent scheduling,and poor system compatibility in horizontal transportation at port terminals,a horizontal transportation management system is developed for smart port operations,aiming to establish an efficient scheduling framework with intelligent dispatching,autonomous decision-making,and multi-database compatibility.Driven by national policies and the urgent need for digital transformation in the port industry,a collaborative architecture of “vehicle-road-cloud-network” is proposed to enhance operational quality and efficiency.Key technical challenges in data interaction,platform compatibility,and scheduling performance are solved through standardized data model design,localized map data processing,development of optimized scheduling and routing algorithms,and database-independent adaptation.The system integrates real-time dynamic routing algorithms,multi-constraint scheduling models,and FMS compatible data interfaces.Practical application demonstrates that this solution can effectively improve operational efficiency and reduce operating costs.With strong intelligence,modularity,and scalability,the system provides a replicable and promotable technological path that supports the automation and intelligent upgrading of ports and enhances the international competitiveness of port enterprises.

Abstract:Concerning how to build an all-domain communication infrastructure and deep integration of various machines with remote and ultra-remote control based on fifth-generation fixed network (F5G) technology application in ports,we conduct research on the application of F5G network architecture and communication infrastructure in Luojing port area in Shanghai Port.By analyzing the characteristics of remote control operations in the port and the method of designing different business application schemes in a classified manner,we obtain the results that the construction of an F5G passive simple network architecture and an ultra-remote fully optical ring network communication infrastructure can ensure the real-time communication of control signals from three different programmable logic controller (PLC) systems,namely Chuanfeng,ABB,and TMEIC in entire port area.Meanwhile,the three-location fully optical ring network can meet the requirements of large bandwidth,massive connectivity,low latency,and zero packet loss for three ultra-remote control centers.The classified design of remote control operations based on F5G technology can provide stable remote control data transmission links for 14 quay cranes and 31 rail-mounted gantry cranes.The results offer theoretical support for the integrated collaborative operation of multiple machines and applications,and has significant reference value for promoting the normal automation of all-domain machinery in port areas,the establishment of ultra-remote control centers.

Abstract:To the prominent issues of insufficient recognition accuracy,frequent manual intervention,and excessive weighing detection costs in the container gate system during the automated transformation of terminals,this paper conducts a systematic study based on machine vision and deep learning technologies.The research enhances the reliability of vehicle number matching by constructing a dual-binding mechanism for license plate recognition,replaces traditional weighbridge devices with video intelligent recognition technology,and develops a multi-dimensional container damage detection algorithm.As a result,the automatic release rate of the gate,the accuracy of container number recognition,and the accuracy of damaged area positioning have all exceed 98%,and the accuracy of damaged type recognition has reached 92%.Meanwhile,the feature extraction algorithm is used to accurately detect the weighing status of the front and rear wheels of container trucks,increasing the efficiency of weighing detection operations by 230% compared to manual methods.The full-process appointment of gate operations is realized through a mobile app,combined with an intelligent path guidance function for automatic navigation,the problem of limited wharf site reconstruction can be effectively solved.This research provides a replicable technical paradigm for the automated upgrading of traditional terminals and has important practical value for comprehensively improving the intelligence level of ports.

Abstract:To the transformation of coal,ore and other bulk cargo yards into fully automated container yard,with varying load sizes and stacking times in different regions,resulting in significant differences in site conditions,a study is conducted on the settlement calculation of the foundation to meet the requirements for the use of fully automated container yards.The study adopts the layer-wise summation method,the settlement calculation method considering stress history,and the stress area method for settlement analysis,and considers the location,stratigraphic distribution,and previous stacking load,stacking service life,and other conditions for each hole.The results indicate that in the foundation renovation of the yard,the settlement calculation method considering stress history under uniform load conditions provides a more accurate representation of actual conditions.The application of the settlement calculation method considering stress history under uniform load conditions to calculate the foundation settlement of the renovated yard has good guiding significance,and can provide reference for the foundation design of automated container yards in yard renovation.

Abstract:The land area part of the first phase of container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port involves the transformation of an existing bulk cargo yard.For the existing stacking area,the bear capacity ≥150 kPa and a settlement of more than 1 m has occured due to several years of preloading,while the non-stacking area has experienced relatively smaller consolidation and settlement.The ground is uneven considerably.The ARMG wheel load is heavy and is sensitive to settlement and differential settlement of railway for automated container yard.In view of the aforementioned design features,a research on ARMG railway foundation structure is carried out.The pile foundation railway beam and rail sleeper ballast are compared,and an integrated design concept for the ground and the ARMG railway foundation is proposed.A new structure consisting of the elastic foundation beam+steel grid reinforced cushion+adjustable bearing system is adopted based on settlement and FLAC3D model calculation results,which can take full advantage of the preloaded foundation's benefits,reduce differential settlement and simplify the modification of ARMG railway foundation.Compared with pile foundation railway beam,this new structure can save 18% engineering cost,and compared with rail sleeper ballast the maintenance requirements can be reduced.

Abstract:In heavy-duty storage yard projects located in soft soil regions,differential settlement frequently causes instability in yard foundation and rail facilities,while conventional plastic geogrid reinforcement demonstrates limited effectiveness.Focusing on the phase Ⅰ container terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,we propose a technique of container yard structure-foundation integrated stiffness enhancement using steel geogrid-reinforced gravel cushion to improve integral rigidity of structure-foundation and reduce differential settlement.We systematically investigate its optimized design through FLAC3D numerical simulations and discuss the influence mechanisms of cushion material properties and steel geogrid layering configuration on differential settlement control.The results show that although increasing the elastic modulus of cushion materials reduces total settlement slightly,its effectiveness in mitigating differential settlement remains constrained.Conversely,additional steel geogrid layers significantly decrease differential settlement,achieving a 31%-45.4% reduction with two-layer installation.However,the improvement rate diminishes with further layer additions.Considering economic viability and project benefit,the solution of combining dual-layer steel geogrids with 80 MPa elastic modulus graded crushed stone is recommended.The solution reduces differential settlement between strip foundations and rail tracks by 15%-29.02%,simultaneously forming a rigid stiffened layer that enhances overall foundation stiffness and suppresses lateral deformation.

Abstract:Many of the port construction sites are formed through land reclamation or sediment deposition.In the construction of storage yards,it is common to build heavy storage yards on such soft foundation.Due to the poor bearing capacity of such foundation and the large settlement after loading,foundation treatment must be carried out before the construction of heavy storage yards.In response to the problems of time-consuming,labor-intensive,and costly conventional treatment methods for soft soil foundation,this study investigates the use of high-strength steel wire grids combined with cushion materials to form a reinforced cushion structure on soft foundation.The interlocking effect of the steel wire grid and cushion fillers is fully utilized to form a mesh like structure similar to a suspended surface,which rapidly spreads the vertical stress to the surrounding areas,making the vertical stress distribution on the soft foundation wider and more uniform.Ultimately,the goal of eliminating uneven settlement is achieved,and the goal of constructing a heavy-load storage yard on soft foundation with only simple treatment is successfully achieved.Practice has proven that it can effectively shorten the construction period and save project costs,with significant results.

Abstract:During the construction process of the automated phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port,it is necessary to cut off the pile foundation below the old dock along the design elevation,and on the basis of retaining the underwater residual piles,new pile foundations should be installed in the gaps between the residual piles.In response to the high safety risks of pile cutting and underwater collision during the construction process,multiple process comparisons,research,and practical comparisons are conducted.Finally,the method of divers cooperating with pile cutters is adopted to dismantle old pile foundations,reducing the safety risks of divers working underwater for a long time.New technologies such as “laser radar scanning+3D modeling” are also reasonably used to conduct semi visual prediction of pile positions and guide the adjustment of the entire pile foundation construction process.At the same time,combined with the vibration pile driving construction technology,the collision problem between new and old pile foundations is reasonably and effectively avoided,and the overall deviation qualification rate of the engineering pile foundation construction reaches over 95%.The research results can provide a reference for the upgrading and renovation of similar old docks.

Abstract:To advance the construction of smart ports,integrate shoreline resources,the first phase of the renovation of the container terminal in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port involves enlarging the old approach bridge,which is 877.81 m long,to a width of 40 m.Addressing the low efficiency of the“construction while opening to traffic”for the long approach bridge widening,challenges from tides and technological constraints,along with issues from unreasonable demolition processes and installation methods,we conduct an analysis of the constraining factors and a study on improving work efficiency.By adopting an optimized hoisting process (floating crane+bridge erection machine),innovating hoisting beams,applying sand cylinders for temporary fixation,and overcoming the influence of tides,efficient construction is achieved while maintaining traffic,with the construction period shortened by 50%.This solution successfully solved the problem of renovating a long approach bridge under complex conditions.The research results have significant demonstrative value for advancing smart port development and integrating shoreline resources.

Abstract:The phaseⅠcontainer terminal renovation project in Luojing port area of Shanghai Port is the country's first systematic port renovation project.It adheres to green,intelligent,and resource integration principles,retaining old pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pile foundations and sinking new piles into the old ones to minimize marine geological disturbance.In view of the problems that the qualification rate of the upgraded pile sinking in the old port area is limited by the distance between the new and old pile foundations at least 40 cm,the measurement error of underwater obstacles and the performance of the piling ship,the process optimization research to improve the accuracy of the short-range pile sinking is carried out,and the new technology “LiDAR scanning measurement and 3D modeling” is used to simulate the collision,and the vibrating pile sinking construction technology and the full-rotation piling ship are introduced to reasonably avoid the collision problem,so as to realize the early prediction of the collision risk before construction,and the reasonable adjustment of the pile position to achieve accurate interspersing.Measures to replace PHC pipe piles with steel pipe piles are developed for special pile positions.The final pile foundation unit project alignment rate and pass rate are more than 95%.The technical system successfully solves the problem of pile sinking under complex conditions,and provides key technical support and practical experience for the green and intelligent upgrading and transformation of old terminals.

Abstract:Taking the construction of the stormwater drainage box culvert along the coast as an example,this paper discusses the problems of high tide water erosion and foundation pit protection in the construction of coastal rainwater drainage box culverts based on on-site practice.During the construction of the stormwater drainage box culvert,the dual safety hazards of the coastal slope being eroded by high tide water and the instability of the deep foundation pit slope on the land side are addressed.Through on-site investigation and review of tidal data,the anti-erosion measures such as “stacking accropode+sandbag cofferdam” and the protection measures such as “Larsen sheet pile+staged slope excavation” are taken according to local conditions for the onshore foundation pit.Through on-site construction control and relevant measurements,the total settlement after excavation of the foundation pit is controlled within 60 mm,and the outlet section of the box culvert is completed 8 d ahead of the planned node schedule.At the same time,the construction cost of driving 50 t of sheet piles is saved.The above measures effectively ensure the stability and safety of the foundation pit during the construction of the coastal stormwater drainage box culvert,and the construction progress and cost of the measures have reached the expected goals,providing certain reference value for similar projects.