Aiming at problems about environment impact identification and index system establishment in channel improvement and construction plan,we analyze and study environment impact assessment results of 13th Five-year Plan of channel improvement and construction of the Yangtze River mainline.By application of methods including system analysis,ecological factor identification,ecological impact judgment,we gain the correlation between plan elements,resource and environment elements,and build assessment index system combined with environment targets,which can provide reference and example for environment impact assessment of channel plan.