In view of the prominent problems such as the development of extremely soft rock and deep pebble layer and the influence of groundwater on the Xiba anchorage area of Miaozui Yangtze River Bridge in Yichang,the geotechnical characteristics and hydrogeological characteristics of the rock and soil layers in the anchorage area are mainly discussed from the perspective of engineering geology and hydrogeology.Engineering geological comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to obtain that the extremely soft rock encounters water softening easily lead to trench wall collapse,the formation of trench in deep pebble layer is difficult and can lead to tilting of the trench section，groundwater seepage destruction can cause piping,which can affect the stability of the trench.Reinforcement measures and construction techniques for the trench of the earth wall and suggested measures for dewatering the foundation pit are proposed,which provided a reliable basis for optimizing the foundation pit construction plan and could be used as a reference for similar projects.