Based on the comparative analysis of dynamic characteristics of different types of spur dikes through moving bed scouring experiment，and combining with the riverbed scouring terrain contours,we find the relationship between the turbulence characteristics and bed scour.On this basis,we carry out an in-depth analysis of the impact of different types of dikes on the dynamic characteristics of turbulent flow,and optimize the structure of the new-type dam.Test results show that the erosion of terrain around the spur dike is associated with the intensity of turbulence flow,the depth of the scour pit increases first and decreases later along with the change of flow turbulence characteristics;the sand ridge is mainly composed of coarse sand,and the cross section is in the “streamlined” shape,the backflow zone appears fine sand layer,and the circular cross section and hook type of spur dike has a certain advantage in less flow turbulence.