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LYU Xiaolong, WU Peng, PAN Haitao
2025(4):1-7
Abstract:
The determination of the layout plan for the hub cascade is an important prerequisite for cross water system connectivity development projects.By conducting a comprehensive comparison and selection of different cascade layout schemes for navigation hubs,taking into account factors such as navigation efficiency,water supply,irrigation,flood control,ecology,and land acquisition and resettlement,a differential economic analysis of engineering investment and operation costs is conducted to further improve the technical and economic efficiency of the project and the comprehensive utilization of water resources.The research case proposes a comparative method for the demonstration and selection of cascade layout schemes for water system connectivity engineering hubs mainly based on shipping,which can provide reference for similar projects.
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ZHANG Ning, CHENG Jinxiang, GAO Yujian, HAN Zhaoxing, XIAO Yang, LIU Shengqiang, LYU Jinpeng
2025(4):8-13
Abstract:
Curving cutoff is one of the important measures in the regulation of inland waterways.However,while it facilitates the navigation of ships,it also has a certain impact on the aquatic ecological environment of the original river channel and oxbow lake.This article focuses on the ecological impact and restoration issues of the curving cutoff project.By analyzing the quantity of the Pinglu curving cutoff project and combining existing research results,it is proposed that the curving cutoff project will cause damage to the biological habitats in the main river channel and oxbow lake,as well as varying degrees of population reduction.Restoration and mitigation measures for the ecological impact of the curving cutoff project are proposed from three aspects:formulating ecological protection plans,constructing biological habitats,and carrying out construction of river sections for breeding and releasing,the selection and construction methods of biological habitats are analyzed in detail.These measures can provide reference for the green and orderly development of the Pinglu Canal.
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KANG Gelin, ZHANG Yu, JIN Ruijia, GENG Baolei
2025(4):14-22
Abstract:
To adapt to the development of marine engineering to deep water,a combination of tension mooring and combined stiffness mooring system is proposed and applied to floating breakwater.A numerical model of the floating breakwater with tensioned combined stiffness mooring is established based on the high-order boundary element method under the potential flow theory,and the accuracy of the numerical model is proved by comparing the bypassing wave force with the classical literature.Setting the incident wave as a second-order Stokes wave,the hydrodynamic characteristics of the floating breakwater under the influence of combined mooring stiffness and cable length factors are analyzed and the mooring tension safety factor is calculated.The results showed that the heave motion curves of the floating breakwater under each wave period exhibit obvious irregular phenomena,and the nonlinear influence of mooring geometry is significant.Different mooring stiffness schemes have different degrees of geometric nonlinearity and large differences in breakwater motion amplitude,and the statistics of breakwater motion displacements for different cable lengths are close to each other with similar motion characteristics.Finally,by comparing the safety factors of mooring tension,the parameters of the tensioned combined stiffness mooring system suitable for the designed wave conditions are derived.
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ZHANG Yingdi, LI Xueyan, QU Hengliang, WANG Yukun, CHEN Lankai
2025(4):23-31
Abstract:
The arc plate permeable breakwater has gradually attracted attention and research due to its advantages of simple structure,low cost,short construction period and strong ability to adapt to the external environment.Opening on an arc plate permeable breakwater is beneficial to further improve its wave dissipation performance.The wave dissipation performance of an arc plate breakwater under different opening methods is studied through physical model tests.According to the opening position and opening shape,opening methods can be divided into circular openings on the wave-facing side,square openings on the wave-facing side,circular openings on the wave-back side,and square openings on the wave-back side.Physical model tests are carried out under different diving depths (-0.03 m,0 m,0.03 m),wave periods (1.2 s,1.4 s,1.6 s,1.8 s,2.0 s) and wave heights (0.06 m,0.10 m) to study the transmittance and reflection coefficients of arc plate permeable breakwaters with different opening methods,and to analyze their wave dissipation performance.The results show that when the submergence depth of the arc plate permeable breakwater is -0.03 m,the square hole is conducive to improving the wave dissipation performance of the arc plate permeable breakwater.When the submergence depth of the arc plate permeable breakwater is 0.03 m,compared with other opening methods,the square hole on the wave-facing side can significantly improve the wave dissipation performance of the arc plate permeable breakwater.
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2025(4):32-38
Abstract:
Harbor oscillations is the most common form of wave disaster,which is very harmful.Accurate and efficient prediction of waves in the port is helpful to reduce economic losses and avoid casualties.The numerical simulation based on Boussinesq equation is an important method to study the harbor oscillation,and the calculation cost is high.To cope with the business oriented prediction of harbor oscillations,this paper proposes a parametric model of harbor oscillation and achieves rapid prediction of wave heights in the port,taking the Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka as an example.Based on the measured data of Hambantota port,the wave spectrum is divided into independent wave systems,each wave system is parameterized,the maximum difference selection algorithm (MDA) is used to select the calculation conditions,and the FUNWAVE-TVD numerical model is input to simulate the response of waves in the port under different incident wave parameter combinations,and the dataset is generated.The dataset is divided into generalization set and test set.The former is used to train and select the convolutional neural network (CNN),while the latter is utilized to measure the network performance on unknown cases.The output of the network is significant wave height and low-frequency wave height over the whole computing domain within the port.The results show that the model performs well on the test set and can accurately estimate the full-field wave height under unknown conditions.Then,the model is successfully verified according to the field measurement data,which proves the reliability of the wave numerical model and CNN.Once the wave parameters outside the port are obtained,the wave conditions inside the port can be quickly estimated.
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2025(4):39-44
Abstract:
In the nearshore construction,the crane vessel and the transportation vessel are normally under the ship to ship condition with a T-shaped berthing during the lightering operation at sea.The vessel motion response under such condition is studied.Two common construction ships in the field of offshore wind power construction in China are selected,and the frequency domain analysis method is carried out to calculate significant valves of the transportation vessel motion response with the consideration of interactions between two ships.The results reveal that when the transportation vessel faces the waves,the transportation vessel motions are significantly greater than the its motions when the crane vessel faces the sea.However,the disturbance on the crane vessel by the transportation vessel is subtle.In the meanwhile,the clearance between the two ships are ignorable to the motion response of the transportation vessel.For the cargo with different lifting point heights,different wave-facing strategies can be applied when the crane vessel and the transportation vessel are under the ship to ship condition with a T-shape configuration during the lightering and linking operation.For the higher lifting point case,the relative motion between the hook and the lifting point can be effectively curtailed when the crane vessel faces waves.When the lifting point is located near the deck of the transportation vessel,the transportation vessel facing waves may be preferable for short period wave conditions,the transportation vessel is a floating breakwater for the crane vessel in such a condition,effectively curtailing wave energy transmitted to the crane and relative motions between the hook and the lifting point.
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LIU Jinghan, GAO Yi, TANG Ting, WEI Zhuobin, LI Lingfeng, LI Shuqing
2025(4):45-56
Abstract:
Beam-slab pile-supported wharf is an important wharf structural type in China.The wharf is inclined to be unusable in wartime by enemy strikes.For the rapid restoration of wharf functions,we analyze possible air and underwater explosions during war and terrorist attacks,and summarize damage modes of surface layer,longitudinal and transverse beams and pile based on research results from home and abroad.Then we analyze the damage characteristics of pile-supported wharf under air and underwater explosions,and propose suggestions for emergency repair methods for typical damage forms of various parts of wharf considering existing emergency repair methods and engineering application cases.The results show that surface layer,longitudinal and transverse beams and pile have different damage modes subjected to air and underwater explosion.The local damage includes cracks,spalling,craters,break,deformation.The overall damage includes the topside and pile foundation of the wharf have penetration failure.For different damaged parts and damage degrees of wharf,existing engineering technologies can basically repair the local damage in surface layer,longitudinal and transverse beams and pile.Prefabricated components can improve construction efficiency.Emergency repair for pile under water is of high technical requirements in design and more difficulty in construction.Pile repair is a key factor which restricts the construction speed and quality.Considering complex damage conditions and working during wartime,existing repair techniques still need be verified by practice.
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2025(4):57-63
Abstract:
With the development of the domestic shipping industry,a large number of high-pile wharf urgently require maintenance.Establishing a scientific and reasonable performance evaluation method for high-pile wharf components is the prerequisite for accurately determining their maintenance needs.In order to find a method that can comprehensively evaluate the maintenance requirements of high-pile wharf components in all aspects,this paper conducts an in-depth study on the service performance of high-pile wharf components.It proposes a performance indicator system for high-pile wharf components and uses an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each indicator.Based on the fuzziness and randomness in the performance evaluation of high-pile wharf components,a performance evaluation method based on a cloud model is established.This method is applied to a structural evaluation of a container terminal in Tianjin,using the evaluation results of panels from section 29 to section 30 to determine the service performance status and provide repair recommendations for the panel.This approach offers a basis for maintenance decision-making of high-pile wharf.
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ZHANG Aobo, GUAN Hongxu, XU Yanmin, LI Longhao
2025(4):64-72
Abstract:
With the advancement of China's “Belt and Road” initiative,the scale and number of ships and ports have been increasing,and the study of mooring stability conditions is becoming increasingly important.This paper analyzes the impact of mooring stability conditions on ship mooring systems based on ship simulation experiments.By establishing ship motion and environmental load models,the stress response of cables with different materials and diameters under complex environmental conditions is simulated,verifying the accuracy and feasibility of the ship handling simulator.The results show that the roll motion of the moored vessel is a key factor affecting the stress of the mooring line.Increasing the pre tension of the cable within a certain range or using cables with higher elongation can effectively reduce cable stress.Wave height significantly affect rope stress,especially when the coupled wave period is close to the ship's roll period.The research provides scientific basis for port design and ship mooring,and proposes suggestions for improving the stability of mooring systems.
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HUANG Xiaopeng, HU Wei, ZHAO Zhiwei
2025(4):73-80
Abstract:
This paper conducts research on the optimization of the plane design of channels within the port area in response to the problem that there is no planned waiting anchorage or emergency anchorage in the coastal port area,and the current water area in the port is limited,making it difficult to separately arrange the emergency anchorage area for dangerous cargo vessels.Based on risk analysis,the requirements for emergency berthing and emergency evacuation of vessels,relevant regulations and the current conditions of the port water area,through site selection analysis,demonstration of different anchoring methods,and comparison and selection of several plane schemes,the rationality and feasibility of emergency berthing and evacuation of dangerous cargo vessels in the port area are studied.An optimization plane design scheme of the channel within the port area that meets the requirements of the regulations and is feasible,using the water area of the channel within the port as the emergency berthing area,is proposed.Through comprehensive analysis of actual cases,the optimized channel has a “general” navigation risk level.It meets the emergency berthing and evacuation requirements of the designed vessel type.The channel has good stability.It has a relatively small impact on the surrounding water area,and certain economic and social benefits.This provides certain reference value for the plane design and scale optimization of using the water area of the channels within the port area as the emergency berthing area.
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GAO Shanjun, BAO Jinhu, WU Feng
2025(4):81-87
Abstract:
Aiming at the key joint connection problem between precast beam and pile foundation of fully prefabricated pile-supported wharf,we carry out a joint model test of the grouting connection method,and analyze and compare with the conventional cast-in-place joints to study the reliability of different connection methods.Relying on an actual project,we carry out the structural design of a fully prefabricated wharf,and at the same time,for the installation of large-volume prefabricated beam components on site,we adopt the corresponding design of supporting piles to meet construction requirements.The results show that the joint design scheme of fully prefabricated pile-supported wharf is safe and feasible.Under complex natural conditions,the overall safety of the fully prefabricated wharf can be ensured by adopting joint strengthening measures such as channel steel and corrugated pipe,as well as supporting piles during the construction process.
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2025(4):88-93
Abstract:
In view of the problem that the old wharf can not meet the use demand,the upgrading technology of the old wharf is systematically analyzed and summarized.Taking a general wharf in Nantong as an example,this paper analyzes the characteristics of upgrading and reconstruction,and discusses the service life and function of the wharf after the reconstruction from the demonstration of the design scheme.Based on the analysis of the test results of the old wharf structure,the reconstruction scheme is determined on the premise of realizing the functional objectives,and the necessary technical demonstration is carried out from the aspects of structural safety,usability and durability.In addition,the key construction schemes for wharf reconstruction are summarized.The research results can provide reference for the upgrading of similar wharves.
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2025(4):94-98
Abstract:
A numerical calculation method is studied to determine the environmental conditions for emergency anchorage design of liquefied natural gas terminals.The calculation methods for LNG carrier environmental loads and anchorage loads are systematically analyzed using relevant regulations in international standards.The external environmental loads of large LNG ships anchored in the anchorage are obtained under different levels of wind speed,wave height,and current speed combinations,as well as anchorage loads under different bottom environments.The main influencing factors for determining the environmental conditions of LNG emergency anchorage design and the limit environmental standards for emergency anchorage for large LNG ships under different bottom conditions are preliminarily determined.The important influence of ship anchor parameters,anchorage bottom,and water depth on the limit environmental standards for emergency anchorage is demonstrated,and the wind speed limit standard and recommended measures for LNG emergency anchorage are proposed.The research methods can be applied to the early site selection of LNG emergency anchorage,saving experimental research time and costs.
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2025(4):99-105
Abstract:
In view of the problem that the protection standards of the existing breakwater can not meet the operational standards in the port after the changes in the functions of the port area,it is analyzed that the wave in harbor is mainly caused by the secondary wave overtopping of the breakwater,the incident wave from the entrance and its diffraction.Based on the verified hydrologic wave data,the structural stability of the original breakwater is checked,and the elevation of the top of the breast wall is checked,and the technical reconstruction measures such as increasing the elevation of the top of the breast wall and optimizing the layout of the breakwater are adopted to improve the berth conditions in the port and realize the improvement of the port functions.The top elevation of the breast wall is calculated according to the water level and wave climbing height,and determined synthetically according to the protection standard,reconstruction conditions and feasibility,while the optimal layout of the breakwater is adjusting the direction of the entrance and the length of the breakwater according to the hydrologic wave and water depth conditions at the entrance.After many times of comparison and demonstration,combined with the results of model test,this paper puts forward a more targeted technical transformation scheme,which has a certain reference significance for similar projects.
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FU Xuhui, ZHANG Bo, DU Hongyuan, HE Jinglin, GONG Huiling
2025(4):106-113
Abstract:
Baoying junction is located at the end of the connecting section of the S-shaped bend in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Baihe River.The river section has the characteristics of small flow in non rainy season and sharp rise in rainstorm season.The upstream approach channel of the ship lock is affected by the topographic conditions of the bend and the river section,and the flow conditions in the entrance area are very disordered,which is difficult to meet the navigation requirements.In view of the complex flow regime in the upstream entrance area of the ship lock,combined with the characteristics of the dam site and the navigation requirements of the ship lock,this study conducts a numerical simulation of the overall flow conditions in the upstream channel of the junction.By analyzing the causes of the adverse flow conditions,this study proposes the treatment measures of “horn” inlet+permeable breakwater and carries out comparison and optimization.The results show that adjusting the shoreline shape and adding a suitable permeable breakwater project can significantly improve the complex flow regime in the entrance area and ensure the navigation safety of ships passing through the ship lock.The research results can provide technical reference for similar projects.
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WAN Xinning, JIA Yushao, LU Xingchang, HUANG Zhiyang
2025(4):114-119
Abstract:
To solve the problem of rapid growth of ship flow and insufficient channel capacity in Xiaomiaohong Channel,which is navigable by tidal channel in the radial sandbar sea area of northern Jiangsu province,and then the compound channel design is studied.Combined with the water depth conditions and the surrounding wading structures,it is determined that the section type of the compound channel adopts“the middle main channel and the small ship channel on both sides”.According to the prediction results of ship flow and the needs of maritime departments,the comprehensive comparison and recommendation of the construction scale,plane layout and navigation mark distribution schemes of multiple complex channels are carried out.The research results can provide scientific reference for the construction of radial sandbar sea area and other similar compound channels.
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2025(4):120-126
Abstract:
Weishan three-line ship lock is the largest ship lock on the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal with an effective scale of 280 m×34 m×5.5 m (length×width×threshold depth) and a designed maximum water head of 4.0m.It is determined that the ship lock is adopt the form of end filling and emptying system according to the general layout of the ship lock and requirements of the code.On the basis of Weishan three-line ship lock project,a physical model test with geometric scale of 1:30 is established to study the hydraulic characteristics of the filling and emptying system.There are some bad hydraulic phenomena in the original scheme,such as the local formation of the funnel vortex,the uneven distribution of the flow velocity in the sluice chamber and the visible suction vortex in the intake of the drainage gallery.Some optimization measures are proposed to solve above problems,such as adding a permeable vortex eliminator at the water inlet,optimizing the arrangement of energy dissipation grid and adjusting the buried depth of drainage gallery.The results show that after optimizing the layout of the filling and emptying system,all hydraulic characteristics meet requirements of the code.
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SHI Lei, ZENG Xiaojun, MO Zhifang, LU Chuanteng, ZHU Xianbo
2025(4):127-134
Abstract:
To study the water and sediment characteristics of the completed Sheyang Port waterway,on-site hydrological tests are conducted.According to the hydrological test results,the flow velocity outside the entrance of the Sheyang Port waterway is greater than that inside the entrance.At the inner channel of the double guide embankment,the rapid flow velocity is higher in the surface layer and lower in the bottom layer,while the rapid flow velocity in the water layer is higher than that in the 0.4H-0.8H range.The surface layer is the smallest,and the residual flow direction in the middle and upper layers of water is falling tide,while the middle and lower layers of water is rising tide.The sediment concentration outside the entrance of the waterway is significantly higher than inside.In the channel,during the low tide period,the average sediment concentration of the upper and middle water bodies of the falling tide is greater than that of the rising tide,while the middle and lower water bodies of the rising tide is greater.and during the high tide period,the average sediment concentration of the falling tide is mostly greater than that of the rising tide.The single width sediment transport rate at both high and low tide levels in the channel is greater than that at low tide,and the net sediment transport is from the channel entrance towards the harbor.The net sediment transport rate during the low tide period is greater than that during the high tide period.It takes about 4.5 to 6.5 hours for the bottom water flow to move from the entrance of the waterway to the harbor.Within a tidal cycle,the sediment from the outer sea can be transported from the entrance of the waterway to the harbor,providing a source of sediment for the sedimentation of the waterway and harbor.
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LUO Jinxian, JIANG Tao, YU Ning
2025(4):135-142
Abstract:
With the continuous development of the water transportation industry,low-grade channels are gradually upgraded,and in recent years,large-scale ships has developed rapidly,and the main dimensions of actual navigable ships often exceed the channel design standards.The navigation clearance scale of some bridges is not compatible with the navigation standard of the upgraded channel.However,due to the limitation of engineering investment and other reasons,it is impossible to dismantle and rebuild in time,which has certain restrictions on the navigation of the channel.This article takes the Wuxuan Bridge as an example to analyze the navigation clearance scale of the bridge,the hydrological conditions of the river section where it is located,and the navigation ship type.Numerical simulation methods are used to simulate and analyze the navigation flow conditions and collision resistance performance of the bridge.From the perspective of navigable clear width,navigation clearance height,bridge anti-collision ability and meteorological factors ,etc.,the limiting conditions and safety guarantee measures for the safe passage of various types of ships through old bridges are proposed,which can provide reference for the navigation and management of similar old bridges.
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ZHENG Tianqi, LIU Chunze, LI Gang, CHU Guangqiang, TANG Ying
2025(4):143-148
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The implementation of bulk cargo transportation through ship-to-ship transfer system can effectively reduce the construction costs of ports and waterways.The operation of ship-to-ship transfer system is affected by factors such as the ability of transfer operations,channel conditions,number of transfer ships,navigation and avoidance of transfer ships.Therefore,the reasonable number of transfer ships cannot be determined only by the calculation of standardized formulas.Based on practical engineering cases,the production operation process of the transfer system is analyzed,a simulation model for the transfer system is established,its operation process is simulated,and sensitivity research on the configuration scale of transfer ships is conducted.The results show that as the number of transfer ships increases,the average waiting time per ship increases and the average operating time decreases.In addition,the minimum number of barge configurations for different periods is determined based on meeting the demand for transportation volume.The system simulation analysis method can provide certain support for the design and subsequent operation of the transshipment system.
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SU Hongming, ZHANG Zhikun, LIU Ling, HU Wenhui
2025(4):149-155
Abstract:
The construction of offshore artificial islands lacks high-precision geographical information spatio-temporal benchmarks and effective communication methods.At the same time,there are also issues such as overall settlement monitoring technology and a unified engineering application comprehensive management platform.In view of these problems,digital and intelligent technology for offshore construction of artificial islands is studied.Using BDS-based construction ship maritime positioning communication,digital construction machinery automatic control and BDS high-precision safety monitoring technology methods,the overall architecture and microservice functional architecture of the artificial island digital intelligent construction management platform are designed and developed.The platform is deployed and applied on-site in the Pasay Blow-Fill-Seal Project.The results show that the comprehensive utilization of BDS technology can realize the unified dispatching and command of ships,machinery,and personnel at the construction site,reliable communication guarantee,and artificial island safety monitoring services,and improves the work efficiency and digital intelligence level of artificial island construction.
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HUANG Chaotian, SHEN Ting, WANG Aowei
2025(4):156-163
Abstract:
In view of problems of low efficiency,low level of intelligence,and relatively backward management and maintenance modes in the operation and maintenance of ship lock,we conduct research on key technologies for smart management and maintenance of ship lock,including building information modeling(BIM) data governance and integration,intelligent control of ship lock operation,real-time perception of ship lock health status,intelligent monitoring of channel siltation,and digital inspection of ship lock.We use internet of things(IoT),BIM,geographic information system(GIS),big data and other technologies to build a smart ship lock management and maintenance system,and apply it in Babao ship lock project in Hangzhou.The results show that compared with the traditional ship lock management and maintenance mode,key technologies of smart ship lock management and maintenance can effectively improve the level of ship lock operation and maintenance,increase the maintenance efficiency of ship lock facilities and equipment,and realize the digital management,visual display,and intelligent application of ship lock maintenance information.
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2025(4):164-169
Abstract:
To the problem of BIM model can not be directly applied to the finite element structural analysis calculation,this paper carries out the research of extracting BIM model data and transforming it into finite element calculation model data.By formulating the modeling rules for BIM model of high-piled wharf and developing data interface software based on the specific structural calculation software,the extracted data from the BIM model is converted into the calculation data for the structural calculation software.The finite element structure calculation model is created through the calculation software for internal force calculation,achieving data transfer from BIM model to finite element calculation model.Engineering practice shows that this technology can transmit data accurately and improve design efficiency.
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WANG Jianxiong, YANG Junkai, YANG Zhenlin, WANG You
2025(4):170-175
Abstract:
Traditional photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR scanning for intertidal zone surveying face challenges such as difficulty in image control points layout,producing aerial triangulation and creating topographic map.Based on the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of using these two technologies independently for tidal flat surveying and mapping,a method is proposed to fuse the photogrammetric aerial triangulation point cloud and the airborne LiDAR point cloud to construct a real-time 3D model based on the terrain features of intertidal zone.Experiments demonstrate that the method can give full play to the capability of photogrammetry in object identification and data extraction,overcome the numerical uncertainty caused by extracting elevation from LiDAR point cloud in traditional map drawing,make up the limitations of the two individual techniques,make them play their respective advantages,and provide a convenient and effective new method for tidal flat surveying and mapping.
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WANG Hanchen, LIU Jian, DING Kuo, CHEN Shiya, SHI Jiayi
2025(4):176-183
Abstract:
The disintegration characteristics of soft rock under water immersion condition are closely associated with various geological hazards.To further investigate the disintegration properties of soft rock,this study focuses on the soft rock of the Pinglu Canal.Indoor soaking disintegration experiments are conducted to observe the disintegration behavior of soft rock at different soaking times and analyze its disintegration patterns.The study incorporated X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the mineral composition and microstructure changes of the samples.Additionally,the discrete element method is utilized to simulate the disintegration process of the soft rock and explore its disintegration mechanism.The results indicate that soft rock undergoes significant disintegration in the initial stages of soaking,followed by a deceleration in the disintegration rate.As soaking time extends,the internal pores of the samples gradually enlarge,and changes in mineral composition exacerbate the disintegration.During the disintegration process,friction and collision between particles lead to a rapid increase in kinetic energy,while elastic potential energy also rises due to the deformation of the internal structure.This study reveals the disintegration patterns and microstructure changes of soft rock under water immersion condition.Combined with discrete element modeling,it analyzes the disintegration mechanism,providing some reference for engineering construction in the area.
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SUN Donghui, ZHAO Qingxi, YIN Jun, ZHU Yan
2025(4):184-190
Abstract:
The large variability of soil parameter causes that the overall stability of dock slope often has large uncertainty.The reliability analysis of a dock slope is carried out considering the variability of the soil cohesive force and internal friction angle in order to analyze the overall stability of the dock slope more accurately and reduce the uncertainty in the stability analysis.The slope stability numerical simulation software Slide is used to obtain the deterministic safety factor on the basis of the rigid body limit equilibrium analysis.Then according to the measured soil parameter distribution of the dock slope,the response surface method and the first-order second moment method are used to calculate the reliability of the dock slope.The results show that the safety factor based on the deterministic analysis of the standard value of soil parameters is one-sided to the reliability evaluation of the dock slope,and the stability of slope based on the reliability analysis is closer to the actual situation.In the actual engineering design and construction,the safety factor and reliability of the slope should be considered comprehensively.
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LI Jinfeng, XU Bin, ZHAO Qiang
2025(4):191-197
Abstract:
The suction grille of cutter suction vessels often experiences stone blockage,and the cleaning of stones requires stopping the pump,which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.This article introduces a new type of retractable suction grille,in which each group of retractable suction grilles consists of a fixed inner grille and a movable outer grille.During normal construction of cutter suction vessels,the outer grille is in an upward pushing state under the action of high-speed water flow,and the spacing between the grilles is small.When the stones are blocked between the grilles,the flow rate is reduced to below the critical flow rate,the outer grille drops,the spacing between the grilles increases,and the stones fall off on their own.This article provides a design method for the overall dimensions of the grille,and provides a calculation method for the critical velocity of the upward push of the outer grille and the critical velocity of the detachment of the outer grille and the blocked stone through the theoretical force analysis of the grille and the blocked stone.Furthermore,typical case designs are carried out using theoretical calculations.The grille designed using this method can clean the cutter suction without stopping the pump,effectively improving the efficiency of the cutter suction dredger,and can be used for dredging multi stone soil.
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LIN Sen, SU Zhaobin, LIU Rongzhen, SUN Shousheng, LI Xiaolei
2025(4):198-203
Abstract:
In response to difficulties,high risks,and low efficiency of the extra large cutterhead reversing operation,a design scheme for the cutterhead reversing device is built by three-dimensional software.Hinge positions at both ends of the hydraulic cylinder are reasonably selected according to the requirements of the deck space,and appropriate hydraulic cylinder shape parameters are selected on the basis of this.Force states of the reversing device at five angles are analyzed by the enumeration method,and hydraulic cylinder parameters are calculated to meet the force requirements.The structural strength and stiffness of the cutterhead bracket and base are verified by finite analysis software.The results show that the developed cutterhead reversing device can improve the efficiency of cutterhead reversing and reduce labor safety risks of crew members.
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FENG Yuquan, LU Zilai, LIU Chaoqun
2025(4):204-210
Abstract:
In recent years,with the realization of aerial photogrammetry by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) carrying a variety of sensors and the development of computer science and technology,aerial photogrammetry technology and products have become more and more widely used to serve a variety of industries.Several drones from DJI are used to carry out aerial survey equipment in Minjiang,Jinsha,Tuojiang,and Jialing Rivers in Sichuan Province for the application of water transportation engineering survey projects.The principle and process of the drone aerial surveying production operation are pointed out.The quality and accuracy of aerial survey products are evaluated,such as photographs,videos,digital orthophotographs(DOM),digital surface models (DSM),point cloud,etc.Their new applications in water transportation engineering survey scenarios are analyzed,such as land topographic map survey,water topographic map survey,hydrological data acquisition,and power line overhang height capture.The future development of UAV aerial survey technology is looked forward to.The UAV aerial survey technology product is more advanced than traditional operation methods,and can better serve the cause of water transportation engineering survey.
2025 Issue 4
The New Western Land-sea Corridor:Pinglu Canal Project Construction Column
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Information Technology
Ground and Foundation
Construction
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
