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XIA Yunqiang, WANG lüqing, ZHANG Qingfeng, WANG Haifeng, YAN Zhiduo
2025(11):1-6
Abstract:
The stable mass of armor units for breakwaters is a key concern in breakwater design.In terms of the wave stability of armor units for sloping breakwaters,this paper introduces a classic industry case study—the design of the deepwater breakwater at Sines Port in Portugal in the 1970 s and its damage during storms.and it compares and analyzes the stable mass calculation methods of armor units in domestic and international design codes.Using the Hudson formula,the paper re-evaluates the stability of the dolos armor units used in the Sines Port breakwater design,revealing that the mass of the dolos used was insufficient.Comparisons of calculation results from Chinese and European ROM codes show that under deepwater conditions(H/d＜0.3),the safety factor calculated by the Chinese code is higher than that of the European ROM code,while the opposite is true under shallow water conditions(H/d≥0.3).The research results can provide a reference for better understanding and applying domestic and international design codes.
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2025(11):7-12
Abstract:
The steel cylinder structure avoids foundation excavation and does not require stone throwing,allowing for rapid island formation.Compared with traditional hydraulic structures,it has obvious advantages and broad application prospects.With the advancement of engineering towards the open sea,the insertion ratio has become an important factor affecting the stability of steel cylinder structures.The existing specifications and calculation methods gradually do not meet the needs of engineering,so it is urgent to conduct in-depth research on this issue.We study the influence of insertion ratio on the stability of steel cylinder structures through centrifugal model test.The results show that the horizontal displacement of the cylinder top increases with the increase of wave load.In the initial stage,it approximately increases linearly,and after reaching the ultimate load,the horizontal displacement of the cylinder top increases sharply,and the curve shows a steep decrease.The instability and failure of steel cylinders are mainly manifested as overturning failure,during the failure,circular cracks appear on the mud surface on the sea side and radial cracks appear on the mud surface on the land side.Both the ultimate load of the steel cylinder and the load when the ratio of the horizontal displacement at the top of the cylinder to the height of the cylinder body above the mud surface S/H is 1.5% increase with the increase of the insertion ratio,showing an approximately linear relationship.The relationship between the ultimate load and insertion ratio of a steel cylinder can be approximately expressed as y=19 427x+6 268.3,and when S/H is 1.5%,the relationship between the load and insertion ratio can be approximately expressed as y=2 072.6x+6 100.7.
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QIN Changpei, WANG Luyao, MA Lunbing, JIANG Chaohua
2025(11):13-18
Abstract:
This article addresses the issue of the influence law of mud content on the performance of artificial blocks and conducts studies of the influence of different mud contents (98%,62%,52%,28%,18%,13.3%,5.3%,and 1.3%) on the mechanical properties of artificial blocks prepared by replacing ordinary sand and gravel with dredged soil based on semi-dry compression molding and it also investigates the effects of parameters such as compression strength,molding moisture,and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of dredged soil blocks.The results show that within the range of 13.3%-98.0% clay content,the strength of the specimens increase first and then decrease with the increase of clay content,and the maximum strength is reached when the clay content is 52% and its 28-day compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are 65.5 and 7.13 MPa respectively.Increasing the compressive strength within a certain range has a significant effect on improving the strength of the specimen and the maximum strength of the specimen is achieved when the moisture content is 13%.Temperature and humidity have a significant impact on the strength of specimens,and standard curing has higher strength compared to regular watering and natural curing.The softening coefficients of the standard curing and regular watering curing of the compacted specimens of dredged soil with a mud content of 52% reach 0.94 and 0.92,respectively,so that it has good characteristics of resisting water erosion.The research results can provide reference and guidance for the preparation of artificial blocks from different types of dredged soils such as silt,silty soil and silty sand.
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WANG Riwang, LI Guanxing, FENG Haibo, WU Jiaping
2025(11):19-28
Abstract:
At present,artificial beach nourishment is considered an ideal way to protect sandy beaches,which has little impact on the ecological environment.However,it faces problems such as a high nourishment loss rate and a short replenishment cycle.This paper studies the design of sandy beach protection in the western section of Yalong Bay.In view of the characteristics of significant wave-current action,high beach erosion intensity,high landscape requirements,and strict ecological and environmental protection requirements in the project area,this paper analyzes the causes of beach erosion,summarizes key indicators such as the loss amount,loss rate,and replenishment cycle of different methods,explores the suitability of different methods for different scenarios,and combines model test research to creatively propose an “integrated four-in-one” beach ecological protection design model,which integrates ecological revetments,dry beach nourishment,nearshore nourishment,and underwater sand retaining dams.It is expected that the loss rate will be reduced by more than 20% within 5 years,and the replenishment cycle will be nearly doubled.
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ZHANG Hairong, SHEN Yusheng, LI Shesheng, CAI Dongsheng
2025(11):29-38
Abstract:
The toe structure is an important part of the sloping breakwater,and natural rocks are usually used.For port construction areas that lack natural rocks,concrete artificial blocks are needed to replace natural rocks as the toe of the sloping breakwater.Taking a certain overseas port breakwater project as an example,this paper studies the stability of the artificial block toe of the sloping breakwater under the conditions of swell and complex bathymetry through the 3D physical model tests,and optimizes the breakwater toe.The characteristics of the wave action on various parts of the breakwater under the conditions of swell and complex bathymetry and the plans to improve the stability of the breakwater toe are analyzed and studied.The research results show that the wave-breaking water flows generated by waves under swell and complex bathymetry conditions have a strong effect on the inner side of the circular arc section of the breakwater roundhead and the breakwater root,and the 8 m3?Antifer of the original toe plan is unstable under design wave action.The stability of the artificial block toe of the breakwater root can be improved by opening a groove on the reef plate and placing the artificial blocks of the toe in the groove of the reef plate.The Antifer size of the breakwater trunk and roundhead is increased to 12 m3,however,due to the lack of interlocking between the Antifers and their weak resistance to the breaking wave impact,the Antifer at the breakwater trunk and the leeward side (135°-180°) of the breakwater roundhead toe are still unstable under design wave action.For the optimization schemes,the breakwater trunk and roundhead toes use artificial blocks with interlocking properties,and the rocks applied in underlayer of the artificial blocks can enhance the stability of the artificial blocks at the toe.The 12 m3?Xbloc at the breakwater trunk toe and the 16 m3?Xbloc at the leeward side (135°-180°) of the breakwater roundhead toe are stable under design wave action.
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DONG Yuqi, ZHENG Zhenjun, MA Xiaozhou, DONG Guohai
2025(11):39-46
Abstract:
When waves incident on a vertical wall at angles smaller than a specific critical angle,the phenomenon of Mach reflection occurs.In addition to the incident and reflected waves,a Stem wave propagating along the wall is generated near the vertical wall.During its propagation,the wave energy of the Stem wave increases rapidly,posing a significant threat to the stability of marine structures.Currently,research on the evolution characteristics of Stem wave patterns under regular wave conditions is relatively limited,particularly in terms of systematic quantitative analysis of the critical incident angle,wave height,and wave width.On the basis of the Boussinesq model,the critical incident angle of Stem wave formation and the effects of incident wave height and angle on the wave height and width of Stem waves are systematically investigated through numerical simulations.The results show that the critical incident angle for Stem wave formation lies within the range of 13°-14°.For smaller incident angles,both the wave height and width of Stem waves increase monotonically along the wall,with the wave height decreasing as the incident wave height increases,while the wave width exhibits the opposite trend.For larger incident angles,the wave height of Stem waves initially increases,then decreases,and eventually stabilizes,whereas the wave width decreases with increasing incident angle and shows reduced dependence on the incident wave height.
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GAO Qingyang, LI Meiqi, YANG Zhiliang, GUO Jin, ZHANG Yongxing
2025(11):47-51
Abstract:
To accurately reflect the true crack pattern of concrete structure discontinuous process from cracking to failure under the action of internal steel reinforcement corrosion,we take the electrochemical accelerated corrosion of internal reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) specimens as the object,adopt a joint action model of reinforcement-corrosion product-concrete to study the cracking and failure behavior of RC structures under internal reinforcement corrosion,and reveal the influence of internal reinforcement corrosion amount on the true crack pattern of RC structure.The results show that the employed joint action model of steel reinforcement-corrosion product-concrete can reflect the cracking behavior of RC structure under the action of internal steel reinforcement corrosion.Moreover,the surface and internal cracks appear in RC specimen as the amount of internal steel reinforcement corrosion increases under the action of internal steel reinforcement corrosion in RC specimen,and the width increase of the aforementioned cracks in the early stage of crack development is greater than that in the later stage.The reason is that the infiltration of reinforcement corrosion products into the internal cracks of RC specimens during crack development slows down the expansion pressure caused by internal reinforcement corrosion.
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WU Qiao, FAN Yanyun, LI Jiahua
2025(11):52-59
Abstract:
To clarify the similarities and differences between the pile-soil coupling finite element models established by embedded beam element and solid element,this paper takes a high pile wharf on a deep soft soil foundation in North Africa as an example,and compares the model scale,computational efficiency,overall displacement,pile deformation,negative friction,internal force and other key design factors in detail.The results show that the calculation efficiency of embedded beam element pile is 3.5 times that of solid element pile.In terms of the calculation results,both of them can well simulate the overall deformation of the wharf bank slope of soft soil foundation,the negative friction,deformation and vertical force of pile foundation,with the maximum deformation difference is controlled within 5%.However,due to the fact that the embedded beam element simplifies the simulation of the horizontal stress characteristics of pile foundations by setting elastic zones in the soil,it is difficult to consider the “flow effect” of the soil between piles,resulting in the extreme bending moment of the pile foundation reaching 1.5 times that of the solid element pile.In the pile-soil coupling analysis of the wharf bank slope,it is suggested that the embedded beam could be used for rapid evaluation and scheme comparison in the initial design stage,and the solid unit should be used for detail analysis in the implementation stage to improve the economy of the design scheme.
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2025(11):60-66
Abstract:
Regarding the design of the high-pile approach trestle structure for offshore oil and gas public pipe gallery,This article combines engineering examples to conduct structural design on different high-pile approach trestle structures.Through spatial model calculation and analysis,cost analysis,and scheme comparison,the influence of different framed bent spacing,pile foundation types,upper structures of approach trestle,and pipe frame structures on the cost of approach trestle structures is studied.The research results indicate that increasing framed bent spacing can reduce the cost of pile foundation engineering,but framed bent spacing increases the cost of the upper structure.Comprehensive analysis shows that the framed bent spacing of 18 m reduces the cost of the 9 m approach trestle structures by 2.43%,but the cost reduction is not significant.The cost of the large pipe pile approach trestle structure is reduced by 107,900 yuan per metre compared to the cast-in-place pile,and the large pipe pile has a significant cost advantage.The cost of steel structure pipe racks is 32% higher than that of concrete pipe racks,and the cost of public pipe galleries using concrete pipe racks is 3.12% lower than using steel structure pipe racks,but the cost reduction is not significant.For similar projects,priority can be given to using large pipe piles or other driven piles.The pipe frame structures type and framed bent spacing have no significant impact on the cost,and a comprehensive plan can be determined after comparative analysis.
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2025(11):67-72
Abstract:
The Pinglu Canal will be completed by the end of 2026,river-sea transportation ships will be able to reach Nanning Port.Due to the lack of division of operation areas for river-sea transportation services in the planning of Nanning Port,a research on the site selection of the operation area is conducted to better carry out river-sea transportation services.Through investigation of the restrictions on ship navigation,the preliminary navigation scope in terms of economy,surrounding industries,and supporting infrastructure is studied,then in-depth analysis from the aspects of convenience,economy,and adaptability of multimodal transport is conducted.The location of river-sea transportation at Nanning Port in Pingtang operation area,Balianlianyingchang operation area and Xinxing operation area are selected.Balianlianyingchang operation area and Xinxing operation area mainly serve the industries of the eastern industrial new city,while also taking into account upstream water transportation.Pingtang operation area serve the upstream and downstream water transportation and river-sea transportation of goods from the rear park.According to the forecast of transportation volume,the number of different types of berths in each operating area in 2027 and 2035 is proposed.
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HUANG Guoxun, GAO Chengyan, WANG Xiaoyuan
2025(11):73-78
Abstract:
To optimize the matching of threshold water depth between the expansion project of Shanxiu Ship Lock in Zuojiang River and threshold water depth of downstream cascade,this study proposes a threshold water depth design method based on continuous cascade water level analysis.By analyzing the multi-year hydrological measurement data of the main line of the Xijiang River,a multi-dimensional analytical model including water level duration and response relationships of threshold water depth is constructed.The research shows that :1) The water depth improvement in the Laokou reservoir area exhibits significant nonlinear characteristics,and the channel can be improved to the 5,000-ton class at a relatively low cost.2) There is a dynamic difference of 0.98 m between the threshold water depth of 7.29 m during the wet season of the Xijiang trunk line and the originally designed threshold water depth of 6.31 m during the wet season of Shanxiu,forming a “navigation bottleneck effect during the wet season”.Therefore,it is recommended to increase the threshold water depth from 5.8 to 6.5 m to match the downstream hub threshold water depth and avoid navigation bottlenecks.The research results can provide a quantifiable technical path for collaborative design of threshold water depth in similar hub groups.
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YU Guangnian, WANG Qi, XIAO Zhangling, LYU Biao, XU Junfeng, LI Shaoxi
2025(11):79-86
Abstract:
Long-distance navigation tunnels face critical technical challenges of affecting the improvement of the tunnel’s passing capacity,such as small cross-sectional coefficients in confined channels,interconnection of tunnels and vessel navigation factors.We take the Goupitan navigation tunnel as the case study,and adopt an integrated methodology combining data analysis,technical research,hydro-physical model and self-propelled ship model test to systematically investigate flow conditions and safe navigation control technology for ships in long-distance navigation tunnels.We reveal the relationships among the scale of the tunnel and the rules of ship travelling wave,ship navigation resistance,sinking volume and ship maneuverability,further propose the principles and main design parameters to determine the scale of the 1，000-ton class tunnel suitable for the Wujiang River waterway,and provide the maximum safe velocity under different tunnel section scales.The results show that with the same main cross-section scale tunnels,ship maneuverability is significantly improved through the tunnel interconnections,and with 60 m spacing connectivity,the maximum safe ship velocity is increased by about 15%.
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YUAN Hao, PU Chunxiu, HU Ruichang, ZHOU Xidong, XIE Chunhang
2025(11):87-94
Abstract:
When double-line ship locks share a common approach channel for both irrigation and discharge purposes,the hydraulic system becomes susceptible to unsteady flow conditions.This phenomenon primarily stems from substantial water surface fluctuations within the approach channel,leading to complex flow patterns that significantly compromise lock operational reliability and navigation safety.In this study,the RNG k-ε turbulence model is used to analyze the hydraulic characteristics such as flow velocity,flow distribution and water level fluctuation at the inlet of the approach channel and the ship locks under different operation combinations when the ship locks share the upper approach channel with the Baishiyao double-line ship locks as the background of the project,in view of the unsteady flow problem generated when the ship locks share the upper approach channel.The results show that during the irrigation period,the flow velocity and water level fluctuations at the intake of the diversion channel are the most significant,and a local vortex is formed near the intake.When the double-line ship lock is operating simultaneously,the water flow conditions at the intake are even more complex,and even small-scale vertical vortexes appears,which have a significant impact on the water delivery conditions and the operation of the valves.By analyzing the unsteady flow law of the upper diversion channel and evaluating its adverse effects on ship navigation and berthing,it can provide a reference for the actual operation of the project.
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WANG Qinzhen, HU Peng, JIANG Tao, FAN Hongxia, DENG Wei
2025(11):95-102
Abstract:
The proposed Huai’an East Shiplock is located in the south bank of floodway of Huai River,closed to the irrigation canal and Yundong sluice.Effected by the flood of irrigation canal,the flow condition in upstream navigation channel do not meet the requirements of the specifications,therefore separation levee needs to be constructed.By using numerical simulation methods,the influence laws of the upstream separation levee structure,length,permeability,and dredging measures of the ship lock on the navigation water flow conditions are studied.The results indicate that maximum crossflow is at the head of the separation levee under the flood of irrigation canal.With the shortening of upstream separation levee,the maximum transverse velocity decreases and the range of transverse velocity remains basically unchanged.When permeable structure is adopted,the maximum transverse velocity has no evident changes and the range increases obviously.The combined use of diversion pier and separation levee and the increase of permeability of separation levee can effectively reduce the transverse velocity at entrance area.The dredging in front of Yundong sluice can reduce the flow into the upper entrance area and weaken the transverse velocity.The research can provide technical support for the design of separation levee of ship lock.
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WU Linjian, ZHAO Yue, LIU Yongming, LIU Mingwei, CHEN Zongnan, ZHANG Xu
2025(11):103-109
Abstract:
The problem of water seepage through structural joints caused by the aging of water-stop materials in ship locks has persisted for a long time.The last-level ship lock of a canal situated in a tidal river section is particularly prone to the aging of structural joint water-stop due to the combined effects of saltwater intrusion from the open sea,frequent filling and draining of the lock chamber,and prolonged exposure to intense ultraviolet light.To avoid the above problems,high-performance rubber is selected as the water-stop material.However,the constitutive model parameters used to describe the mechanical behavior evolution of the material under complex service conditions have not yet been determined.Therefore,this article conducts accelerated degradation tests and uniaxial tensile tests on water-stop materials under conditions ultraviolet aging and high-frequency dry-wet alternation of saline water environment,and studied the evolution laws of stress-strain relationship curves of four types of rubber waterstops,namely ordinary,OMEGA,GB and ultra-high performance waterstops,over time in this environment.The results indicate that with the increase of time,the stress-strain relationship curves of the four types of waterproofing materials show a decreasing trend.By regression fitting the scatter values of mechanical constitutive parameters of different rubber materials,the time-varying relationship between stress and elongation of waterproofing materials under different aging times is obtained,which improved the Mooney-Rivlin 2 parameter model.Finally,combined with the experimental acceleration ratio,the mechanical constitutive parameters of four types of water-stop materials under natural aging conditions are converted from the experimental environment,providing reference for the design and maintenance of ship locks in similar environments.
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2025(11):110-117
Abstract:
Gongqiaogou reaches is a pebble shoal during dry season and a brook outlet rapids during middle and the flood period on the end section of Xiangjiaba Reservoir during subsidence period,and the Fotan is a narrow channel type rapids in pre-flood falling stage of the reservoir.The two beach are close in distance and the navigation environment is relatively complex.On the basis of the relevant research on the beaches carrying capacity of ships in the Yangtze River and Jinsha River,the allowable value of the comprehensive judgment E for beach clearance is fitted.According to the characteristics of rapids and navigation obstruction,the measures are adopted such as clearing obstacles to increase the channel scale and increase the discharge area of the Gongqiaogou reaches,and removing protruding reefs at the entrance of the Fotan rapids to smooth the water flow.The regulation effect of waterway engineering is analyzed and evaluated by actual ship seaworthiness test and mathematical models calculation.The mathematical model calculation results show that,the E value of hydraulic parameter of rapids abating of the Gongqiaogou reaches decreased from 0.60 to 0.48 m at 6,000 m3/s during the subsidence period after regulation,and the Fotan rapids decreased from 0.71 to 0.62 m,and the flow diversion is slowed down.Under the actual ship seaworthiness test conditions,the ships can safely pass through the regulated river section,indicating that the regulation effect of the waterway engineering meets the design requirement.Taking into account the navigation conditions of the river section near the Xiluodu Dam,it is recommended that the restricted discharge during the subsidence period of this river section is 7,000 m3/s.
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LI Kunhong, CHEN Ming, JIANG Peng, YANG Lanbin
2025(11):118-124
Abstract:
To address the issue of unsteady waves and currents in the intermediate channel caused by the concentrated discharge of the ship lock in a combined navigation structure,the objective of this paper is to enhance the navigational conditions for ships in the intermediate channel by modifying the number of outlets from the ship lock.The research focuses on a structure comprising a 1,000-ton class ship lock and an intermediate channel with dimensions of 1,400 m in length,20 m in width,and 4 m in depth.Utilizing three-dimensional flow numerical simulation methods,the study investigates the impact of the number of ship lock outlets on the hydraulic characteristics of the intermediate channel.The findings indicate that,in contrast to a centralized outlet configuration,a decentralized layout significantly ameliorates wave and current conditions within the channel.Specifically,increasing the number of outlets from a single point to eight symmetrically dispersed outlets results in a 74.3% reduction in the maximum water surface gradient and a 55.0% decrease in the maximum velocity within the berthing area.However,when the number of outlets exceeds six,the rate of improvement in wave and current conditions diminishes,with reductions in maximum water surface gradient and flow velocity in the berthing area falling below 5%.The research results can provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the design of intermediate channels in similar projects.
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LIU Qiuyan, ZHUANG Qianmian, WANG Yunli, ZHOU Shiliang, LIU Yang
2025(11):125-134
Abstract:
In view of the downstream outlet of Fenghuangjing pumping and drainage station that diagonally flows into the downstream outlet connection section of the ship lock,its dispatching and operation mode has adverse impact on the navigation flow conditions.Through the physical model test of the whole fixed bed,the influence of the Fenghuangjing pumping and drainage station on the navigation flow conditions of the outer connecting section of the downstream gate of the ship lock under different dispatching modes is systematically studied.The test results show that under the self-discharge condition of the drainage from the West River to the Yangtze River,the water flow obliquely flows into the downstream connection section of the ship lock,resulting in the maximum lateral velocity of the intersection area reaching 0.48 m/s,which has a great influence on the navigation flow conditions of the connection section.In contrast,the lateral flow velocity is only 0.28 m/s under the mechanical diversion condition of the Yangtze River to the West River diversion,and the influence degree is relatively small.Further research has found that the lower the water level on the Yangtze River side,the more significant the influence of the outflow of the pumping and drainage station on the navigation flow conditions of the connecting section.Taking the self-discharge condition as the most unfavorable condition,the engineering optimization scheme of adding a permeable diversion wall between the drainage channel and the connecting section of the pumping station is proposed.The test shows that the measure can effectively control the transverse velocity within 0.30 m/s.
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SONG Hongyu, GAO Chengyan, HU Jiang, LI Yao
2025(11):135-144
Abstract:
To analyze the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the air curtain of the estuarine ship lock under low concentration salt water conditions under different inlet pressures and the salinity of the lock chamber,a two-dimensional model of the air curtain for mitigating salt instrusion of the ship lock is established based on the VOF multiphase flow model and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model of CFD software.The three-phase flow simulation of the air curtain for mitigating salt instrusion process under different inlet pressures and salinity of the estuarine lock is carried out.The simulation results show that the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the ship lock air curtain is related to the inlet pressure of the bubble curtain.When the water level is 8 m and the salinity of the lock chamber is 2.5 ‰,there is an optimal inlet pressure that maximizes the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the ship lock air curtain;When the inlet pressure is closer to the optimal inlet pressure,the exchange rate of saltwater and freshwater is lower,the mitigating salt instrusion coefficient of the air curtain is larger,and the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the air curtain is better.The optimal inlet pressure is related to the salinity of the chamber,and the higher the salinity of the chamber,the greater the optimal inlet pressure of the air curtain.When the salinity of the lock chamber increases,the inlet pressure should be increased in time to achieve a reasonable effect of mitigating salt instrusion.
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ZHAO Jiaqiang, YUAN Xueming, YU Guangnian
2025(11):145-151
Abstract:
The scale of the renovated ship lock at Bailongtan has been greatly improved,but due to the curved river conditions in the downstream mountainous canyon,the layout of the ship lock is extremely difficult.By utilizing a 180 overall hydraulic physical model,the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of the downstream approach channel are investigated,and measures to improve navigation conditions are proposed.The results show that after the confluence of flow discharged from the power station and the overflow dam,the continuous longitudinal contraction of the channel due to the narrowing effect of the diversion dike causes the flow to concentrate into a narrow and deep riverbed with persistently increasing dynamics.The sudden expansion of the channel behind the diversion dike leads to unfavorable flow patterns such as significant cross flows and back-flow in the entrance area of the approach channel,resulting in poor navigation conditions.By implementing engineering measures such as excavating high and steep slopes to widen the river channel,and widening the gorge’s high side slopes,creating permeable openings in the diversion dike,and installing permeable piles,the relative velocity gradient between the main flow and the entrance area can be significantly reduced.This effectively mitigates issues such as excessive cross-flow and back-flow,substantially improving navigation conditions.
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2025(11):152-157
Abstract:
Focusing on the safety risks of in-service ship locks induced by underlying karst cavities,this study investigates the upper lock head of the Lianjiang Jietan hub ship lock through three-dimensional finite element modeling(FEM) and multi-scenario analysis to quantify the mechanical impacts of cavities and propose targeted reinforcement solutions.A refined 3D finite element model is developed using ANSYS software,incorporating the Drucker-Prager elastoplastic model for soil-rock foundations,SOLID65 elements to simulate concrete and masonry materials,and contact elements to characterize the interactions between the ship lock head and the foundation.The calculation results reveal that basal cavities induce stress redistribution,with tensile stress concentration in the left pier identified as the primary risk.It is recommended to fill the cavities pressure grouting combined with tensile zone reinforcement using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets or steel lining plates.This research establishes a closed-loop “three-dimensional FEM-field monitoring” evaluation methodology,providing a quantitative framework for safety assessment of navigation locks in karst regions.The modeling approach,reinforcement strategies,and monitoring threshold criteria can offer references for similar projects,demonstrating practical value for extending service life and ensuring navigational safety.
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BU Meifei, YANG Hongxiang, SUN Baohu, ZHANG Jinhe
2025(11):158-165
Abstract:
The construction level of the Xinglong Hub Second Line Ship Lock is Grade II,with the effective scale of 300 m×34 m×5.6 m and maximum design water head of 13.73 m.It belongs to the medium head large ship lock,with the maximum water transport volume of 155,000 m3?at a time.This article adopts a decentralized water supply system with gate walls,long corridors,and side support holes.There are currently few engineering examples of using a gate wall long corridor side branch hole filling and emptying system for such a water transmission scale.It is necessary to carefully study whether this filling and emptying system can ensure the safe and efficient passage of ships under such a water transmission scale.With the help of engineering examples,a three-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model is used to study the hydraulic characteristics,gallery pressure,and gate chamber parking conditions of the side branch hole water delivery system of the gate wall corridor.The results indicate that the Xinglong Second Line Ship Lock is feasible to use the filling and emptying system with gate walls long corridors and side support holes.All hydraulic characteristic indicators of water transmission meet the design and specification requirements.The water flow conditions during the transfer of water in the lock chamber meet the requirements for safe passage of ships,and the water delivery time can be controlled within the 12 minute range required by the design.
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QU Xindong, FAN Hongxia, ZHANG Yuedong, HU Peng, WANG Yong
2025(11):166-174
Abstract:
The Xinyi River is an artificial flood discharge channel in the lower reaches of the Yi-Shu-Si River system,designed to handle flood from Luoma Lake.It is regulated by the Zhangshan Gate,and the flood is characterized by rapid rise,high discharge,and prolonged durations.The Sulian Channel is planned Class II and crosses the Xinyi River over a long distance after exiting the Chaiyi River in Shuyang County.The traversal section exists numerous troughs and shoals,tributaries converge and numerous facilities.The flood discharge of Xinyi River forms strong cross-currents,severely restricting navigation duration and safety of the Sulian Channel.Under the current conditions,it is difficult to navigate at the design-required flow corresponding to the 20-year return period water level.Reducing the maximum navigable discharge and implementing channel regulation measures can improve navigational flow conditions.Based on large-scale topographic surveys and on-site hydrological measurements during flood periods,a mathematical model of water flow in the intersection area is established.By analyzing the daily average flow with guarantee rate and river boundary conditions,it is recommended to use the 99% guarantee flow rate at the Shuyang Hydrological Station as the maximum navigable discharge.Through mathematical model calculations,corresponding channel regulation plans are proposed.The research can provide a basis for engineering design and operation,as well as reference for similar projects.
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LI Xueye, JIANG Xingliang, ZHONG Shanshan, HOU Daibing
2025(11):175-182
Abstract:
In response to the problem that the evaluation index system for green and low-carbon ship locks is neither systematic nor comprehensive,considering the characteristics of ship lock projects,this study aims to achieve resource conservation and intensive utilization,energy structure optimization,energy efficiency improvement,environmental and ecological protection,intelligent operation management,and innovative development.By employing methods such as hierarchical analysis,goal decomposition,trend analysis,and the PDCA cycle,the study systematically proposes key elements of green and low-carbon throughout the life cycle of ship lock projects,constructs an evaluation index system for green and low-carbon ship locks,and suggests methods for assigning weights to indicators,scoring,and evaluation.The index system covers 6 primary indicators including overall indicators,resource utilization and conservation,energy structure and efficiency,environmental and ecological protection,operation management,and innovative development,along with 30 secondary indicators.Among these,“innovative development” serves as a bonus indicator,while the others are regular indicators.The index system combines quantitative and qualitative approaches,possesses characteristic attributes of ship lock projects,and is systematic,scientific,operational,forward-looking,and open.It can provide guidance and reference for the green and low-carbon construction of major water transport projects both domestically and internationally.
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ZHANG Shengli, SHEN Si, XU Shuo
2025(11):183-189
Abstract:
This paper delves into the application of big data technology in the digital twin system of waterways,focusing on the governance technology of waterway big data and multi-dimensional mining algorithms.By constructing a waterway data resource warehouse,designing efficient indexing technology,and combining multi-dimensional mining algorithms,an innovative waterway big data governance solution is proposed.This effectively addresses issues such as data dispersion and low retrieval efficiency,and enhancing the retrievability,accessibility,and usability of waterway data resources.Meanwhile,through the construction of digital twin scenarios in the demonstration section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River waterway,the application practices of ship traffic flow analysis and navigation guidance display in bridge areas,the actual effects and application potential of this technology are verified.Furthermore,the future development prospects of big data and digital twin technology in modern waterways are proposed,providing a systematic solution for the intelligent transformation of waterways.
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LIANG Kai, LI Mingwei, HAN Yue, TIAN Yibo
2025(11):190-196
Abstract:
To the technical challenge of real-time online monitoring of surface obstruction flow in inland waterway hubs,this paper conducts research on the design of an intelligent recognition system that integrates deep learning and multimodal data augmentation.The aim is to break through the bottleneck of traditional measurement techniques that cannot monitor in real-time online and improve navigation safety and security capabilities.A surface flow intelligent recognition system is designed,which includes modules such as image acquisition and preprocessing,object detection and recognition,flow velocity calculation and flow classification,and data visualization.Three core algorithms are proposed:a large-scale particle image velocimetry algorithm based on deep learning,which calculates the fluid velocity field through LSPIV and optimizes the calculation results using BP neural network,reducing the relative measurement error to 3.48%.A multi-stage risk perception algorithm based on YOLO-BP network,combined with YOLOv5 object detection and BP neural network classification,achieves dynamic assessment of flow obstruction risk with an accuracy rate of 98.34%.A special working condition data augmentation algorithm for interference such as reflection,rain and fog,using wavelet analysis,sparse coding and dark channel theory,effectively improves image recognition quality.Through actual testing and verification of the Three Gorges and Gezhouba hub section of the Yangtze River,the single point monitoring range of the system is about 400 m × 500 m,supporting continuous operation for 7×24 h.It can provide high-precision,all-weather flow monitoring technology support for inland waterway hubs and has reference significance for promoting the development of intelligent shipping technology.
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MAN Jiangbin, CHAI Guanjun, JIAN Pu, FENG Guolun, JIA Weiyu
2025(11):197-201
Abstract:
To address the issues of low accuracy and inefficiency in traditional sand vessel volume measurement methods,which primarily rely on manual operations,we propose a deep learning-based sand vessel measurement algorithm.Integrating 3D point cloud technology with the PointNet++ deep learning network achieves automatic classification and precise segmentation of sand body point clouds inside the vessel.An artificial intelligence (AI)-based sand vessel volume measurement system is developed,and a PointNet++ model is built to perform semantic segmentation on the collected point cloud data and calculate the sand volume.The results show that in an overseas reclamation project,the system reduces the internal volume processing time for a single vessel from 60 min (manual) to under 10 min,improving efficiency significantly.The accuracy of automatic sand compartment classification increases to over 95%,and the measurement error rate drops to below 2%.The proposed AI-based sand vessel volume measurement approach significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of sand load calculations,reduces on-site operational risks,and meets the intelligent measurement demands of modern marine engineering,offering strong practical value for engineering applications.
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PAN Xinying, DAI Xuebing, WANG Dingcheng, NING Meng
2025(11):202-211
Abstract:
Regarding the problem of the unclear influence of different tandem and side-by-side spacing ratios on the flow field characteristics in pile foundation structures,we use particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology to carry out a physical model test of the flow field of a nine-pile group structure arranged in a rectangle under subcritical Reynolds number conditions,and systematically study the variation laws of the flow field characteristics of the pile group under the arrangements of tandem spacing ratios (X*) and side-by-side spacing ratios (Y*) at 1.5,2.5,and 4.0.The results show that with the increase of the tandem spacing ratio,the attached vortices behind the piles gradually expand and tend to roll up and detach;while the increase of the side-by-side spacing ratio significantly reduces the number of vortices inside the pile group,and gradually weakens the interaction of the shear layers between rows.The flow pattern shows an evolution trend from the (R,R) type to the (R,J) type and then to the (J,J) type with the increase of the tandem spacing ratio,and the smaller side-by-side spacing delays the roll-up of the shear layer.There is an obvious backflow phenomenon in the near-pile area,and the small spacing ratio condition can effectively suppress the backflow length.In addition,the small spacing ratio can reduce the turbulence intensity of the flow field in the pile group structure and inhibit the momentum exchange of the fluid.
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YANG Ruochen, LI Chengfeng, LIU Run, CHEN Jifeng
2025(11):212-224
Abstract:
Creep can cause changes in the strength parameters of foundation soil.To quantitatively analyze the impact of creep on the bearing reliability of gravity wharf,a time-varying model for the mean value and variation coefficient of soil strength parameters is established based on the results of triaxial creep test of marine undisturbed soil.The time-varying reliability of gravity wharf bearing under creep action is studied by using the stochastic finite element method,and the influence of variation coefficients of soil strength parameters and related distances on the bearing reliability is analyzed.Adjustment coefficient of resistance partial coefficient considering the creep effect of foundation soil is proposed.The research results show that under the action of creep,the average cohesion of soil decreases but the coefficient of variation increases,and the average internal friction angle decreases while the coefficient of variation decreases.When a constant partial resistance coefficient is used,the load bearing reliability of the terminal decreases,and the partial resistance factor needs to be adjusted to maintain the same safety level.The adjustment coefficient of resistance partial coefficient is related to the initial variation coefficient of the foundation soil parameters,the relevant distance and the specified safety level.Overall,it decreases with the increase of the partial resistance coefficient.
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YANG Can, TANG Deying, ABI Erdi, TAN Dingjie, PAN Jian
2025(11):225-232
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the soil seepage failure and the resulting instability of deep foundation pits caused by the excavation of deep foundation pits in coastal areas with high groundwater levels,conduct research on the influencing factors of foundation pit well-point dewatering based on numerical simulation methods.Based on the foundation pit engineering of Babao ship lock,a numerical model of foundation pit dewatering is established to analyze the effect law of the depth and permeability coefficient of water curtain,the depth and layout of dewatering well on the foundation pit pore water pressure and surface settlement.The results show that increasing the depth of the curtain can reduce the pore water pressure of foundation soil and the surface settlement.Reducing the permeability coefficient of the curtain can effectively block the seepage of groundwater into the foundation pit and reduce the surface settlement.With the increase of the depth of dewatering well,the pore water pressure of foundation pit decreases gradually,and the surface settlement increases continuously.The distance between the ground surface and the foundation pit gradually increases,and the ground settlement decreases first and then increases.The more the number of dewatering wells is,the smaller the pore water pressure of foundation pit is,the smaller the surface settlement is.The arrangement of three dewatering wells in the pit and one dewatering well outside the pit minimizes the surface settlement.
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2025(11):233-237
Abstract:
For the soft soil foundation with poor physical properties,the upper retaining wall often faces the problems of anti-sliding and insufficient bearing capacity of the foundation.Traditional prefabricated pile and cast-in-place pile schemes often face problems such as the safety of buildings around the project,residents’ noise complaints and environmental pressure from the discharge of drilling mud.Moreover,the construction period and cost requirements are high and cannot be guaranteed.In view of the above problems,the anti-slide of retaining wall and the bearing capacity of foundation are analyzed respectively.The geogrid in the reinforced soil can bear all or part of the horizontal force of the soil and the strength composite piles can improve the bearing capacity of the foundation.In the design of retaining wall on soft soil foundation,a new idea of combined protection of geogrid and strength composite piles is put forward and a relatively complete design calculation and analysis is carried out.The results show that the combination of the two can not only meet the anti-sliding stability of the retaining wall but also ensure the bearing capacity of the foundation.The combined scheme of geogrid and strength composite piles is convenient for construction and can save engineering investment.The research results have reference significance for the design and construction of retaining wall on soft soil foundation.
2025 Issue 11
Comprehensive
Port
Waterway and Navigation Strucure
Information Technology
Ground and Foundation
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LIU Xiaobin, WU Xiaolei, WU Peng
2025(2):1-8
Abstract:
The Canal Economic Zone represents an economic form that tightly integrates shipping economy with regional economy,serving as a significant measure to provide shipping support for the country’s new development pattern of “dual circulation”.Addressing issues such as unclear definition of the Canal Economic Zone,insufficient theoretical foundation,unclear operational logic,and unsystematic overall understanding,this article proposes the connotative characteristics of the Canal Economic Zone and a canal-oriented economic zone system.By employing interdisciplinary research,qualitative analysis,and case study methods,it concludes that the core content of Canal Economic Zone planning is to comprehensively develop the regions along the canal,develop canal-related industrial systems,organize production factors around the canal,and guide the agglomeration of urban and rural populations,ultimately forming a banded territorial spatial layout.The research results show that Canal Economic Zone planning should focus on six key aspects:core industries,banded space,open mechanisms,green development,county economy,and government-enterprise cooperation,to establish a canal-oriented productivity organization and territorial spatial layout model.
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XIE Libo, SU Lei, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Yuanxin, BI Jianwei, LING Xianzhang
2025(2):27-35
Abstract:
Wave is the main environmental load for pile-supported wharf (PSW) in deep water area.Investigating the dynamic response characteristics of PSW-seabed system under wave action is the basis of dynamic design for deep water port.In this paper,a 3D finite element model of wave-PSW-seabed is established by ADINA.Pore water pressure and acceleration of seabed around pile,deck displacement,as well as dynamic water pressure time history of pile shaft under wave action are obtained.The dynamic response characteristics of the PSW-seabed system are analyzed,and the influence of the changing wave period on the dynamic response of this system is discussed.The numerical simulation results show that:1) there is no cumulative effect on pore pressure around pile under wave action;2) Dynamic water pressure of middle pile is significantly greater than that of the side pile;3) Amplitudes of seabed pore pressure,seabed acceleration,and dynamic water pressure attenuate along the wave propagation,and the smaller wave period,the more significant the attenuation effect.The modeling technique involved in this study can provide reference for similar PSW numerical simulation under wave action,and the investigation results can provide support for dynamic design of PSW-seabed system.
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CHENG Lixing, GU Yong, LIANG Xin, HAO Yuchi
2025(2):184-190
Abstract:
Scour protection is one of the important issues that need to be faced in the design and maintenance of dock pile foundations.This article explores the feasibility of using solidified soil for pile foundation erosion protection,that is,using engineering construction soil to add suitable solidification agents to form solidified soil,covering the scouring area of bridge piers in an appropriate way,enhancing the anti erosion performance of the bed surface,and thus playing a protective role.This article conducted targeted physical model experiments and numerical simulations on the flowability,shear strength,and erosion resistance of different solidified soil formulations.The experimental results show that the collapse diameter of solidified soil increases with the increase of soil to water ratio,and the fluidity of solidified soil decreases rapidly with time.The shear strength of solidified soil slowly increases over time,and as the ash to soil ratio increases,the strength of solidified soil will also increase accordingly.The overall resistance of solidified soil to water flow erosion is good,and it can be used as a new type of erosion protection material.In underwater environments,the strength of solidified soil also increases over time,and its durability is good.
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FU Xuhui, GONG Huiling, HE Jinglin, TANG Rongling, ZHANG Bo
2025(2):110-118
Abstract:
In recent years,with the rapid development of shipping economy,waterway regulation projects are frequent in the Yangtze River basin.Although waterway regulation projects can improve flow conditions,they also have a certain impact on fish habitat.To explore the impact of different waterway regulation projects on fish habitat,we take Luoqi Reach of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as an example,and use numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the changes of habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carps before and after the waterway regulation project from the perspective of ecology and hydraulics.The results show that after the waterway regulation project,the very suitable area ratio of fish habitat increases by 1.21% at most,and the unsuitable area ratio decreases by 1.85% at most.Moreover,with the increase of water level and flow,the sub channel upstream of Luoqi will produce a suitable habitat environment for survival.
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2025(2):164-171
Abstract:
After the 175 m water storage operation of the Three Gorges project,the scale of Jiulongpo to Chaotianmen reach cannot meet planning requirements.During the sedimentation period,the sediment is washed up and down,and the erosion is not timely,causing shallow navigation obstruction in the channel.The channel regulation of this reach is carried out from 2016 to 2020 to improve the channel scale of the engineering reach and curb the adverse development of channel conditions.After the completion of the project,the improvement effect is analyzed through regular observation.The results show that the river regime in the engineering reach is stable,the scale of the channel is significantly improved,and the unfavorable development trend is curbed,resulting in effective improvement of the channel conditions,achieving the goal of channel regulation.
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XIE Yuxuan, WANG Guangsheng, YU Tong, GUAN Dawei
2025(2):17-26
Abstract:
The modern coastal protection systems place higher demands on the crest elevation and permeable of breakwaters.A three-dimensional numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is established to investigate the wave force of submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters under the action of shallow water waves.The results indicate that there is a phase difference between the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the submerged semi-circular breakwater,with the critical sliding moment generally corresponding to the moment of maximum shoreward horizontal force.As the perforation rate increases from 0% to 25%,the dimensionless maximum shoreward and seaward horizontal forces on the submerged semi-circular breakwater decrease by 27.8% and 39.8%,respectively.With decreasing wave period and increasing submergence depth,the seaward sliding force on the submerged semi-circular breakwater increases.Empirical formulas provide conservative estimates for the total force on unperforated semi-circular breakwaters under long-period waves and extreme submergence conditions,and further overestimate the wave forces on submerged perforated semi-circular breakwaters.
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LIU Meimei, YING Zongquan, LI Jiamin, ZHAO Juan, LIANG Zihao
2025(2):45-50
Abstract:
To accurately evaluate the bending capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam,we take three corroded reinforced concrete beams of prototype members as research objects,carry out the bearing capacity test and simulation analysis,and put forward a simplified calculation method for bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beam with modified code.By using this method,the average cross-section corrosion ratio of all the steel bars in the same section can be converted from the corrosion ratio of one or several steel bars detected in the field,which can be used to calculate the strength utilization coefficient of the corroded steel bars,and solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of the bearing capacity when the cross-section corrosion ratio of the steel bar is greater than 10%.
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LIU Lu, SHI Youren, LU Xiaodong, CAO Huijiang
2025(2):157-163
Abstract:
The riverway conditions of the Huangpu River are complicated with many river bends,while Lujiazui Bend owns the largest curvature together with the smallest turning radius of the waterway among all the river bends of Huangpu River.With the rapid growth of the number of navigable ships in the Huangpu River,the silting of the beach near the convex bank of the Lujiazui Bend has a certain influence on the safe navigation of passing ships in recent years.Viewing platforms,regarded as urban reception halls of Shanghai,are set along Luijiazui Bend.Adverse impacts will be resulted from safety incidents in case.Therefore,we analyze the hydrological and sediment characteristics of Lujiazui Bend of Huangpu River,and historical changes of river regime as well as navigation characteristics of ships and surrounding restrictions,and propose the waterway layout and regulation measures in Lujiazui.The results show that cutting and widening the convex bank shoals on the east side of Lujiazui can slove the narrow problem of navigable waters of the bend,and improve the bend navigation environment for ships.
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SU Shiding, XU Xiong, ZHANG Bo, LYU Shuhui
2025(2):197-202
Abstract:
Coral reef sand,due to its special engineering properties such as fragility and high compressibility,differs from conventional sand.During impact pile driving,the process can easily cause complex changes in coral reef sand particles,such as breakage and shear,leading to pile running.Unanticipated pile running,especially over long distances,not only increases the difficulty of pile driving control but also poses high construction risks.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an analysis method to predict the depth of pile running in deep coral sand formations to guide pile driving control and reduce construction risks.In this paper,high strain pile tests are conducted in deep coral reef sand formations based on actual engineering scenarios.The analysis of soil resistance values in pile running conditions in coral reef sand is carried out,and a method for predicting the distance of pile running in coral reef sand formations is proposed.Furthermore,the pile driving control method that considers the risk reduction of pile running is proposed,and it is applied to 602 driven piles on-site for risk prediction of pile running and pile driving control,and the laws of pile diving in coral reef sand stratum are summarized.
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ZHU Zhengtao, JIANG Qingrong, HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, CHEN Xinchi
2025(2):72-80
Abstract:
Taking a dock project on the left bank of the Beijiang River as an example,the finite volume method is used to establish the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 37.0 km long section of the Shaoguan (II) hydrological station to Mengli hydropower station,and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 4.6 km long section of the project.A quantitative study is conducted on the differences in flood level,flow velocity distribution,and flood storage capacity of river channels under different construction schemes.The results show that when the flood frequency ranges from once every 50 years to once every 10 years,the increment of flood level is lower than 0.02 m under different schemes.The changes in flow velocity and pattern are mainly concentrated in the local river section from 100 m upstream to 260 m downstream of the dock.However,the changes in high flow velocity areas of the river are relatively small,as well as the changes in the dynamic axis of the main channel.Meanwhile,the actual flood storage capacity of the river has increased under the action of dredging in the harbor.From the perspective of flood safety and cargo safety,scheme 2 is a recommended plan,and relevant research methods can provide scientific reference for similar dock construction plans.
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2025(2):81-88
Abstract:
Among the four major systems in automated terminals- seaside loading and discharging,horizontal transportation,yard handling,landside collection and distribution-the yard handling system presents the greatest difference across terminals.The Chinese port industry continues to innovate in yard layouts,based on the “vertical layout + end interaction” mode and the “horizontal layout + gate control” mode,introducing innovative transfer modes as well as “vertical layout + U-shaped channel” design.Through data gathering from automated terminals with varied yard configurations that have been put into operation,this study analyzes the characteristics of different yard layouts in terms of key indicators such as safety,land utilization rate,operational efficiency,automation level and energy consumption per TEU.It explores the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the layout of automated terminals,providing a thorough and impartial assessment of various layout patterns to guide the construction and operation of automated terminals.The study also discusses the yard layouts for currently envisioned automated terminals.The research results have reference value for the layout planning and design of new automated terminal yards and the automation upgrading or renovation of traditional terminals.
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2025(2):150-156
Abstract:
In response to the comprehensive characteristics of multiple branching and large flow of the Heishazhou waterway,as well as the complex flow of the tidal river section in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the hydrological observation data are analyzed and summarized.Combined with the on-site practical work of the second phase of waterway regulation project construction,in-depth research is conducted on surface velocity and flow direction measurement,gradient observation,hydrological section measurement,etc.in hydrological observation.Modern new equipment and technology are used to optimize the layout of hydrological sections and water gauge positions,efficiently organize and implement,improve work efficiency,and obtain complete and detailed hydrological observation data.This method effectively solves the problems existing in the hydrological observation of the tidal reach of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and provides reliable basic data for the project design,construction and related thematic research.The research results can provide reference for similar projects.
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SHANGGUAN Yifei, HE Jinchao, XIE Feng, YUAN Hao, ZHAO Jiang
2025(2):142-149
Abstract:
The Mangdantan channel,consisting of three continuous branches,locates in the middle and lower reaches of the Nujiang River with bad flow condition.To investigate the natural navigation obstruction characteristics in Mangdantan continuous branching channel,the influence of different discharges in normal and dry period on the flow diversion,gradient,water depth condition and current speed distribution are numerically analyzed by the two-dimensional planar hydrodynamic model.The results show that the natural navigation obstruction characteristics include large gradient,insufficient water depth and rapid current speed.In addition,the flow condition in the branches R1-L2-L3 is better than those in the branches R1-R2-L3,therefore the branches R1-L2-L3 are suggested to be developed as the navigation channel.The research results can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the regulation of Mangdantan and the channel development of similar continuous branching rivers.
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Impact of Mujing first-lane ship lock discharge pattern on flow conditions in lower approach channel
WANG Zhaobing, GUO Tingting, ZHOU Xidong, HU Ruichang, YUAN Hao
2025(2):127-134
Abstract:
In the context of the double-lane ship locks sharing approach channel project,unsteady flow is prone to occur in the approach channel during lock discharge,causing turbulence in the flow field inside the approach channel,seriously affecting the safety of ship navigation and docking in the approach channel.Taking Mujing ship lock as an example,based on the RNG k-ε turbulent flow model,the navigation hydraulic characteristics of the approach channel are numerically simulated,and the unsteady navigation conditions inside the second-lane lock and the approach channel are analyzed during the discharge of the first-lane ship lock.The results show that when both sides of the first-lane ship lock release water simultaneously,the flow velocity in the approach channel does not meet the requirements of ship navigation and docking,and the formation of reflux,oblique and transverse flow patterns at the front of the separation dike of the second-lane ship lock affects the safety of ships entering and exiting the second-lane ship lock.After adopting the recommended side discharge method,the flow pattern in the approach channel has been improved,and the navigation flow conditions meet the requirements of safe navigation.The research results can provide a solution for the discharge method of double-lane ship locks.
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ZHOU Jingxiang, PAN Haitao, CHEN Yongjian, YAN Qiang, WANG Yulong, WANG Chaoliang, ZHANG Zhisen, WANG Shuai
2025(2):9-16
Abstract:
Pinglu Canal is the key project of the Western Land-Sea New Corridor,and building an efficient,intelligent,green,and resilient canal is an important component of the construction of Pinglu Canal with high standard and high-quality.By planning the overall architecture of the smart canal and combining the characteristics and needs of the construction and operation management of Pinglu Canal,the smart construction and management system is proposed as a typical application scenario including “full process integration and coordination of construction and management,full cycle digital twin of progress management,full process simulation and regulation of quality management,all-around early warning and prevention of safety management,and full-link monitoring and early warning of green management”,as well as the typical application scenarios of the smart operation system,including “one-net efficient coordination of operation management,one-body seamless coordination and linkage of operation and dispatch,one-map scientific and intelligent management of locks and maintenance,one-click coordinated and connected emergency response,and one-station efficient and convenient logistics services”.Furthermore,we summarize the innovative technical features of the digital twin Pinglu Canal from five aspects of “full-factorial three-dimensional perception,full-process digital twin,full-process simulation and simulation,all-around intelligent services,and full-technology self-developed and controllable”,which can provide reference for the construction of similar smart port and navigation projects.
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LIU Zuofei, ZHU Binhua, FAN Shugang
2025(2):172-177
Abstract:
Research and practice on maintenance and dredging engineering are conducted to address the navigation obstacles faced by the Xiaziliang shoal section of the Three Gorges Reservoir’s variable backwater area during dry season,such as bends,narrowness,rapidity,and danger.It is found that the overall trend of this beach section is slow and continuous sedimentation by collecting a large amount of historical measured data and comparing and analyzing the changes in isobaths and erosion and sedimentation over the years.On the basis of the waterway conditions and water characteristics of this river section,the construction equipment and the water level are compared,and a reasonable maintenance and dredging plan is formulated.Implementation results of the project indicate that the maintenance and dredging project can improve the conditions of the waterway,expand navigable waters,and reduce the difficulty of ship operation,thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the waterway.
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LIU Mingwei, ZHANG Siqi, WU Linjian, LI Huijiuyuan, DI Yutao, DAI Chuan
2025(2):51-62
Abstract:
To ensure the long-term operational safety of frame-structure vertical wharfs in inland waterways,it is crucial to conduct monitoring and inspection of their service performance.The placement and scheme of monitoring sensors directly affect the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results.Therefore,sensors should ideally be positioned within the structural load sensitive areas.However,due to the complexity of frame-structure vertical wharfs and the large number of load combinations,the locations and distributions of structural load sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations remain unclear.To address this issue,this study,based on a large inland hub port,establishes a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of a frame-structure vertical wharf segment.By developing an algorithm to identify the most adverse load combinations for critical structural components,the most adverse load combinations for each component are determined.On this basis,the distribution patterns of load response points and the ranges of sensitive areas under the most adverse load combinations are identified by using finite element numerical simulation.The results indicate that under complex load combinations,steel components of frame-structure vertical wharfs exhibit greater load sensitivity compared to concrete components.The sensitive areas of steel components are primarily located at the junctions of high and low water levels and the cantilever ends of the front-row steel mooring structures.This study addresses issues such as redundancy and ineffectiveness in monitoring point placement,providing a theoretical basis for the deployment of monitoring sensors in inland hub port wharfs.
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ZHANG Qiyi, MENG Xiangfei, CHEN Kai, GUO Dongqi
2025(2):178-183
Abstract:
High pile structure is a kind of structure widely used in port and coast.Its dynamic response under wave action is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the wharf.The software ABAQUS is used to build a three-dimensional wharf model and a wave flume with STAR-CCM+.The k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) motion interface tracking method are used to simulate waves,and the simulation of bidirectional coupling between wharf pile groups and waves is realized.Since the ratio of pile spacing to pile diameter is greater than 4,the interaction between piles does not need to be considered,and the error of the comparison model test is less than 5%,which can meet the requirements.The results show that the maximum force and displacement of the wharf pile groups under wave heights of 0.3 m,0.4 m,and 0.5 m can meet the code requirements.The displacement at the top of the pile is the largest,which is 0.66 mm.The maximum stress occurs at the bottom of the front row of piles in the pile group,which is 152.4 kPa.The concrete in the pile bottom area is prone to instability and failure,and special attention should be paid in practical engineering.
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YAO Hongcheng, XU Yanwen, ZHANG Wei, JI Xiaomei, HUANG Liming, WANG Xiaoguang, WU Yao
2025(2):36-44
Abstract:
Tidal asymmetry exerts an influence on nearshore material transportation and geomorphic evolution.Based on the Delft 3D FM,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is employed to establish the tidal movement simulations of Lingding Bay under the conditions of 1 970 s,2 010 s and the 2016 governing guideline shoreline.The response of tidal asymmetry to the seaward advancement of the shoreline in this area is analyzed by combining the reconciliation analysis and the skewness calculation method.Furthermore,the mechanism underlying tidal asymmetry change is examined by analyzing the contribution of different tidal constituent combinations.The research results show that the tidal height asymmetry between spring and neap tides in Lingding Bay varies.The seaward advance of the shoreline strengthens the flood tide dominance in tidal asymmetry.The seaward extension of the shoreline increases the tidal amplitude of the shallow water components while reducing the amplitude of the astronomical components,concurrently accelerating the tidal wave propagation speed.The contribution of the astronomical tidal components to tidal asymmetry gradually decreases upstream,whereas the contribution of the shallow water tidal components gradually increases.
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MENG Xiangyong, XUE Guodong, CAO Baojie, GAO Ruichao, MENG Xiankuo, WANG Hongwei, LIU Shixing
2025(2):191-196
Abstract:
multi-beam echo sounder system is used to monitor short-term erosion and sedimentation changes in the offshore area of the logistics park embankment in Binhai Port.It is found that there is an east-west oriented scour hole on the outer side of the embankment corner,which is about 570 m long and 110 m wide,and its edge has reached the bottom of the embankment,posing significant safety hazards.Through the analysis of monitoring data from May to November 2023,it is found that the edges of the scour hole continues to erode and showed no signs of slowing down.The research results provide accurate data support for subsequent embankment projects.The multi-beam echo sounder system can accurately identify the spatiotemporal changes in underwater topography,offering effective reference for similar embankment deformation monitoring.
