XIA Yunqiang , WANG lüqing , ZHANG Qingfeng , WANG Haifeng , YAN Zhiduo
2025(11):1-6.
Abstract:The stable mass of armor units for breakwaters is a key concern in breakwater design.In terms of the wave stability of armor units for sloping breakwaters,this paper introduces a classic industry case study—the design of the deepwater breakwater at Sines Port in Portugal in the 1970 s and its damage during storms.and it compares and analyzes the stable mass calculation methods of armor units in domestic and international design codes.Using the Hudson formula,the paper re-evaluates the stability of the dolos armor units used in the Sines Port breakwater design,revealing that the mass of the dolos used was insufficient.Comparisons of calculation results from Chinese and European ROM codes show that under deepwater conditions(H/d＜0.3),the safety factor calculated by the Chinese code is higher than that of the European ROM code,while the opposite is true under shallow water conditions(H/d≥0.3).The research results can provide a reference for better understanding and applying domestic and international design codes.
2025(11):7-12.
Abstract:The steel cylinder structure avoids foundation excavation and does not require stone throwing,allowing for rapid island formation.Compared with traditional hydraulic structures,it has obvious advantages and broad application prospects.With the advancement of engineering towards the open sea,the insertion ratio has become an important factor affecting the stability of steel cylinder structures.The existing specifications and calculation methods gradually do not meet the needs of engineering,so it is urgent to conduct in-depth research on this issue.We study the influence of insertion ratio on the stability of steel cylinder structures through centrifugal model test.The results show that the horizontal displacement of the cylinder top increases with the increase of wave load.In the initial stage,it approximately increases linearly,and after reaching the ultimate load,the horizontal displacement of the cylinder top increases sharply,and the curve shows a steep decrease.The instability and failure of steel cylinders are mainly manifested as overturning failure,during the failure,circular cracks appear on the mud surface on the sea side and radial cracks appear on the mud surface on the land side.Both the ultimate load of the steel cylinder and the load when the ratio of the horizontal displacement at the top of the cylinder to the height of the cylinder body above the mud surface S/H is 1.5% increase with the increase of the insertion ratio,showing an approximately linear relationship.The relationship between the ultimate load and insertion ratio of a steel cylinder can be approximately expressed as y=19 427x+6 268.3,and when S/H is 1.5%,the relationship between the load and insertion ratio can be approximately expressed as y=2 072.6x+6 100.7.
QIN Changpei , WANG Luyao , MA Lunbing , JIANG Chaohua
2025(11):13-18.
Abstract:This article addresses the issue of the influence law of mud content on the performance of artificial blocks and conducts studies of the influence of different mud contents (98%,62%,52%,28%,18%,13.3%,5.3%,and 1.3%) on the mechanical properties of artificial blocks prepared by replacing ordinary sand and gravel with dredged soil based on semi-dry compression molding and it also investigates the effects of parameters such as compression strength,molding moisture,and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of dredged soil blocks.The results show that within the range of 13.3%-98.0% clay content,the strength of the specimens increase first and then decrease with the increase of clay content,and the maximum strength is reached when the clay content is 52% and its 28-day compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are 65.5 and 7.13 MPa respectively.Increasing the compressive strength within a certain range has a significant effect on improving the strength of the specimen and the maximum strength of the specimen is achieved when the moisture content is 13%.Temperature and humidity have a significant impact on the strength of specimens,and standard curing has higher strength compared to regular watering and natural curing.The softening coefficients of the standard curing and regular watering curing of the compacted specimens of dredged soil with a mud content of 52% reach 0.94 and 0.92,respectively,so that it has good characteristics of resisting water erosion.The research results can provide reference and guidance for the preparation of artificial blocks from different types of dredged soils such as silt,silty soil and silty sand.
WANG Riwang , LI Guanxing , FENG Haibo , WU Jiaping
2025(11):19-28.
Abstract:At present,artificial beach nourishment is considered an ideal way to protect sandy beaches,which has little impact on the ecological environment.However,it faces problems such as a high nourishment loss rate and a short replenishment cycle.This paper studies the design of sandy beach protection in the western section of Yalong Bay.In view of the characteristics of significant wave-current action,high beach erosion intensity,high landscape requirements,and strict ecological and environmental protection requirements in the project area,this paper analyzes the causes of beach erosion,summarizes key indicators such as the loss amount,loss rate,and replenishment cycle of different methods,explores the suitability of different methods for different scenarios,and combines model test research to creatively propose an “integrated four-in-one” beach ecological protection design model,which integrates ecological revetments,dry beach nourishment,nearshore nourishment,and underwater sand retaining dams.It is expected that the loss rate will be reduced by more than 20% within 5 years,and the replenishment cycle will be nearly doubled.
ZHANG Hairong , SHEN Yusheng , LI Shesheng , CAI Dongsheng
2025(11):29-38.
Abstract:The toe structure is an important part of the sloping breakwater,and natural rocks are usually used.For port construction areas that lack natural rocks,concrete artificial blocks are needed to replace natural rocks as the toe of the sloping breakwater.Taking a certain overseas port breakwater project as an example,this paper studies the stability of the artificial block toe of the sloping breakwater under the conditions of swell and complex bathymetry through the 3D physical model tests,and optimizes the breakwater toe.The characteristics of the wave action on various parts of the breakwater under the conditions of swell and complex bathymetry and the plans to improve the stability of the breakwater toe are analyzed and studied.The research results show that the wave-breaking water flows generated by waves under swell and complex bathymetry conditions have a strong effect on the inner side of the circular arc section of the breakwater roundhead and the breakwater root,and the 8 m3?Antifer of the original toe plan is unstable under design wave action.The stability of the artificial block toe of the breakwater root can be improved by opening a groove on the reef plate and placing the artificial blocks of the toe in the groove of the reef plate.The Antifer size of the breakwater trunk and roundhead is increased to 12 m3,however,due to the lack of interlocking between the Antifers and their weak resistance to the breaking wave impact,the Antifer at the breakwater trunk and the leeward side (135°-180°) of the breakwater roundhead toe are still unstable under design wave action.For the optimization schemes,the breakwater trunk and roundhead toes use artificial blocks with interlocking properties,and the rocks applied in underlayer of the artificial blocks can enhance the stability of the artificial blocks at the toe.The 12 m3?Xbloc at the breakwater trunk toe and the 16 m3?Xbloc at the leeward side (135°-180°) of the breakwater roundhead toe are stable under design wave action.
DONG Yuqi , ZHENG Zhenjun , MA Xiaozhou , DONG Guohai
2025(11):39-46.
Abstract:When waves incident on a vertical wall at angles smaller than a specific critical angle,the phenomenon of Mach reflection occurs.In addition to the incident and reflected waves,a Stem wave propagating along the wall is generated near the vertical wall.During its propagation,the wave energy of the Stem wave increases rapidly,posing a significant threat to the stability of marine structures.Currently,research on the evolution characteristics of Stem wave patterns under regular wave conditions is relatively limited,particularly in terms of systematic quantitative analysis of the critical incident angle,wave height,and wave width.On the basis of the Boussinesq model,the critical incident angle of Stem wave formation and the effects of incident wave height and angle on the wave height and width of Stem waves are systematically investigated through numerical simulations.The results show that the critical incident angle for Stem wave formation lies within the range of 13°-14°.For smaller incident angles,both the wave height and width of Stem waves increase monotonically along the wall,with the wave height decreasing as the incident wave height increases,while the wave width exhibits the opposite trend.For larger incident angles,the wave height of Stem waves initially increases,then decreases,and eventually stabilizes,whereas the wave width decreases with increasing incident angle and shows reduced dependence on the incident wave height.
GAO Qingyang , LI Meiqi , YANG Zhiliang , GUO Jin , ZHANG Yongxing
2025(11):47-51.
Abstract:To accurately reflect the true crack pattern of concrete structure discontinuous process from cracking to failure under the action of internal steel reinforcement corrosion,we take the electrochemical accelerated corrosion of internal reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) specimens as the object,adopt a joint action model of reinforcement-corrosion product-concrete to study the cracking and failure behavior of RC structures under internal reinforcement corrosion,and reveal the influence of internal reinforcement corrosion amount on the true crack pattern of RC structure.The results show that the employed joint action model of steel reinforcement-corrosion product-concrete can reflect the cracking behavior of RC structure under the action of internal steel reinforcement corrosion.Moreover,the surface and internal cracks appear in RC specimen as the amount of internal steel reinforcement corrosion increases under the action of internal steel reinforcement corrosion in RC specimen,and the width increase of the aforementioned cracks in the early stage of crack development is greater than that in the later stage.The reason is that the infiltration of reinforcement corrosion products into the internal cracks of RC specimens during crack development slows down the expansion pressure caused by internal reinforcement corrosion.
WU Qiao , FAN Yanyun , LI Jiahua
2025(11):52-59.
Abstract:To clarify the similarities and differences between the pile-soil coupling finite element models established by embedded beam element and solid element,this paper takes a high pile wharf on a deep soft soil foundation in North Africa as an example,and compares the model scale,computational efficiency,overall displacement,pile deformation,negative friction,internal force and other key design factors in detail.The results show that the calculation efficiency of embedded beam element pile is 3.5 times that of solid element pile.In terms of the calculation results,both of them can well simulate the overall deformation of the wharf bank slope of soft soil foundation,the negative friction,deformation and vertical force of pile foundation,with the maximum deformation difference is controlled within 5%.However,due to the fact that the embedded beam element simplifies the simulation of the horizontal stress characteristics of pile foundations by setting elastic zones in the soil,it is difficult to consider the “flow effect” of the soil between piles,resulting in the extreme bending moment of the pile foundation reaching 1.5 times that of the solid element pile.In the pile-soil coupling analysis of the wharf bank slope,it is suggested that the embedded beam could be used for rapid evaluation and scheme comparison in the initial design stage,and the solid unit should be used for detail analysis in the implementation stage to improve the economy of the design scheme.
2025(11):60-66.
Abstract:Regarding the design of the high-pile approach trestle structure for offshore oil and gas public pipe gallery,This article combines engineering examples to conduct structural design on different high-pile approach trestle structures.Through spatial model calculation and analysis,cost analysis,and scheme comparison,the influence of different framed bent spacing,pile foundation types,upper structures of approach trestle,and pipe frame structures on the cost of approach trestle structures is studied.The research results indicate that increasing framed bent spacing can reduce the cost of pile foundation engineering,but framed bent spacing increases the cost of the upper structure.Comprehensive analysis shows that the framed bent spacing of 18 m reduces the cost of the 9 m approach trestle structures by 2.43%,but the cost reduction is not significant.The cost of the large pipe pile approach trestle structure is reduced by 107,900 yuan per metre compared to the cast-in-place pile,and the large pipe pile has a significant cost advantage.The cost of steel structure pipe racks is 32% higher than that of concrete pipe racks,and the cost of public pipe galleries using concrete pipe racks is 3.12% lower than using steel structure pipe racks,but the cost reduction is not significant.For similar projects,priority can be given to using large pipe piles or other driven piles.The pipe frame structures type and framed bent spacing have no significant impact on the cost,and a comprehensive plan can be determined after comparative analysis.
2025(11):67-72.
Abstract:The Pinglu Canal will be completed by the end of 2026,river-sea transportation ships will be able to reach Nanning Port.Due to the lack of division of operation areas for river-sea transportation services in the planning of Nanning Port,a research on the site selection of the operation area is conducted to better carry out river-sea transportation services.Through investigation of the restrictions on ship navigation,the preliminary navigation scope in terms of economy,surrounding industries,and supporting infrastructure is studied,then in-depth analysis from the aspects of convenience,economy,and adaptability of multimodal transport is conducted.The location of river-sea transportation at Nanning Port in Pingtang operation area,Balianlianyingchang operation area and Xinxing operation area are selected.Balianlianyingchang operation area and Xinxing operation area mainly serve the industries of the eastern industrial new city,while also taking into account upstream water transportation.Pingtang operation area serve the upstream and downstream water transportation and river-sea transportation of goods from the rear park.According to the forecast of transportation volume,the number of different types of berths in each operating area in 2027 and 2035 is proposed.
HUANG Guoxun , GAO Chengyan , WANG Xiaoyuan
2025(11):73-78.
Abstract:To optimize the matching of threshold water depth between the expansion project of Shanxiu Ship Lock in Zuojiang River and threshold water depth of downstream cascade,this study proposes a threshold water depth design method based on continuous cascade water level analysis.By analyzing the multi-year hydrological measurement data of the main line of the Xijiang River,a multi-dimensional analytical model including water level duration and response relationships of threshold water depth is constructed.The research shows that :1) The water depth improvement in the Laokou reservoir area exhibits significant nonlinear characteristics,and the channel can be improved to the 5,000-ton class at a relatively low cost.2) There is a dynamic difference of 0.98 m between the threshold water depth of 7.29 m during the wet season of the Xijiang trunk line and the originally designed threshold water depth of 6.31 m during the wet season of Shanxiu,forming a “navigation bottleneck effect during the wet season”.Therefore,it is recommended to increase the threshold water depth from 5.8 to 6.5 m to match the downstream hub threshold water depth and avoid navigation bottlenecks.The research results can provide a quantifiable technical path for collaborative design of threshold water depth in similar hub groups.
YU Guangnian , WANG Qi , XIAO Zhangling , LYU Biao , XU Junfeng , LI Shaoxi
2025(11):79-86.
Abstract:Long-distance navigation tunnels face critical technical challenges of affecting the improvement of the tunnel’s passing capacity,such as small cross-sectional coefficients in confined channels,interconnection of tunnels and vessel navigation factors.We take the Goupitan navigation tunnel as the case study,and adopt an integrated methodology combining data analysis,technical research,hydro-physical model and self-propelled ship model test to systematically investigate flow conditions and safe navigation control technology for ships in long-distance navigation tunnels.We reveal the relationships among the scale of the tunnel and the rules of ship travelling wave,ship navigation resistance,sinking volume and ship maneuverability,further propose the principles and main design parameters to determine the scale of the 1，000-ton class tunnel suitable for the Wujiang River waterway,and provide the maximum safe velocity under different tunnel section scales.The results show that with the same main cross-section scale tunnels,ship maneuverability is significantly improved through the tunnel interconnections,and with 60 m spacing connectivity,the maximum safe ship velocity is increased by about 15%.
YUAN Hao , PU Chunxiu , HU Ruichang , ZHOU Xidong , XIE Chunhang
2025(11):87-94.
Abstract:When double-line ship locks share a common approach channel for both irrigation and discharge purposes,the hydraulic system becomes susceptible to unsteady flow conditions.This phenomenon primarily stems from substantial water surface fluctuations within the approach channel,leading to complex flow patterns that significantly compromise lock operational reliability and navigation safety.In this study,the RNG k-ε turbulence model is used to analyze the hydraulic characteristics such as flow velocity,flow distribution and water level fluctuation at the inlet of the approach channel and the ship locks under different operation combinations when the ship locks share the upper approach channel with the Baishiyao double-line ship locks as the background of the project,in view of the unsteady flow problem generated when the ship locks share the upper approach channel.The results show that during the irrigation period,the flow velocity and water level fluctuations at the intake of the diversion channel are the most significant,and a local vortex is formed near the intake.When the double-line ship lock is operating simultaneously,the water flow conditions at the intake are even more complex,and even small-scale vertical vortexes appears,which have a significant impact on the water delivery conditions and the operation of the valves.By analyzing the unsteady flow law of the upper diversion channel and evaluating its adverse effects on ship navigation and berthing,it can provide a reference for the actual operation of the project.
WANG Qinzhen , HU Peng , JIANG Tao , FAN Hongxia , DENG Wei
2025(11):95-102.
Abstract:The proposed Huai’an East Shiplock is located in the south bank of floodway of Huai River,closed to the irrigation canal and Yundong sluice.Effected by the flood of irrigation canal,the flow condition in upstream navigation channel do not meet the requirements of the specifications,therefore separation levee needs to be constructed.By using numerical simulation methods,the influence laws of the upstream separation levee structure,length,permeability,and dredging measures of the ship lock on the navigation water flow conditions are studied.The results indicate that maximum crossflow is at the head of the separation levee under the flood of irrigation canal.With the shortening of upstream separation levee,the maximum transverse velocity decreases and the range of transverse velocity remains basically unchanged.When permeable structure is adopted,the maximum transverse velocity has no evident changes and the range increases obviously.The combined use of diversion pier and separation levee and the increase of permeability of separation levee can effectively reduce the transverse velocity at entrance area.The dredging in front of Yundong sluice can reduce the flow into the upper entrance area and weaken the transverse velocity.The research can provide technical support for the design of separation levee of ship lock.
WU Linjian , ZHAO Yue , LIU Yongming , LIU Mingwei , CHEN Zongnan , ZHANG Xu
2025(11):103-109.
Abstract:The problem of water seepage through structural joints caused by the aging of water-stop materials in ship locks has persisted for a long time.The last-level ship lock of a canal situated in a tidal river section is particularly prone to the aging of structural joint water-stop due to the combined effects of saltwater intrusion from the open sea,frequent filling and draining of the lock chamber,and prolonged exposure to intense ultraviolet light.To avoid the above problems,high-performance rubber is selected as the water-stop material.However,the constitutive model parameters used to describe the mechanical behavior evolution of the material under complex service conditions have not yet been determined.Therefore,this article conducts accelerated degradation tests and uniaxial tensile tests on water-stop materials under conditions ultraviolet aging and high-frequency dry-wet alternation of saline water environment,and studied the evolution laws of stress-strain relationship curves of four types of rubber waterstops,namely ordinary,OMEGA,GB and ultra-high performance waterstops,over time in this environment.The results indicate that with the increase of time,the stress-strain relationship curves of the four types of waterproofing materials show a decreasing trend.By regression fitting the scatter values of mechanical constitutive parameters of different rubber materials,the time-varying relationship between stress and elongation of waterproofing materials under different aging times is obtained,which improved the Mooney-Rivlin 2 parameter model.Finally,combined with the experimental acceleration ratio,the mechanical constitutive parameters of four types of water-stop materials under natural aging conditions are converted from the experimental environment,providing reference for the design and maintenance of ship locks in similar environments.
2025(11):110-117.
Abstract:Gongqiaogou reaches is a pebble shoal during dry season and a brook outlet rapids during middle and the flood period on the end section of Xiangjiaba Reservoir during subsidence period,and the Fotan is a narrow channel type rapids in pre-flood falling stage of the reservoir.The two beach are close in distance and the navigation environment is relatively complex.On the basis of the relevant research on the beaches carrying capacity of ships in the Yangtze River and Jinsha River,the allowable value of the comprehensive judgment E for beach clearance is fitted.According to the characteristics of rapids and navigation obstruction,the measures are adopted such as clearing obstacles to increase the channel scale and increase the discharge area of the Gongqiaogou reaches,and removing protruding reefs at the entrance of the Fotan rapids to smooth the water flow.The regulation effect of waterway engineering is analyzed and evaluated by actual ship seaworthiness test and mathematical models calculation.The mathematical model calculation results show that,the E value of hydraulic parameter of rapids abating of the Gongqiaogou reaches decreased from 0.60 to 0.48 m at 6,000 m3/s during the subsidence period after regulation,and the Fotan rapids decreased from 0.71 to 0.62 m,and the flow diversion is slowed down.Under the actual ship seaworthiness test conditions,the ships can safely pass through the regulated river section,indicating that the regulation effect of the waterway engineering meets the design requirement.Taking into account the navigation conditions of the river section near the Xiluodu Dam,it is recommended that the restricted discharge during the subsidence period of this river section is 7,000 m3/s.
LI Kunhong , CHEN Ming , JIANG Peng , YANG Lanbin
2025(11):118-124.
Abstract:To address the issue of unsteady waves and currents in the intermediate channel caused by the concentrated discharge of the ship lock in a combined navigation structure,the objective of this paper is to enhance the navigational conditions for ships in the intermediate channel by modifying the number of outlets from the ship lock.The research focuses on a structure comprising a 1,000-ton class ship lock and an intermediate channel with dimensions of 1,400 m in length,20 m in width,and 4 m in depth.Utilizing three-dimensional flow numerical simulation methods,the study investigates the impact of the number of ship lock outlets on the hydraulic characteristics of the intermediate channel.The findings indicate that,in contrast to a centralized outlet configuration,a decentralized layout significantly ameliorates wave and current conditions within the channel.Specifically,increasing the number of outlets from a single point to eight symmetrically dispersed outlets results in a 74.3% reduction in the maximum water surface gradient and a 55.0% decrease in the maximum velocity within the berthing area.However,when the number of outlets exceeds six,the rate of improvement in wave and current conditions diminishes,with reductions in maximum water surface gradient and flow velocity in the berthing area falling below 5%.The research results can provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the design of intermediate channels in similar projects.
LIU Qiuyan , ZHUANG Qianmian , WANG Yunli , ZHOU Shiliang , LIU Yang
2025(11):125-134.
Abstract:In view of the downstream outlet of Fenghuangjing pumping and drainage station that diagonally flows into the downstream outlet connection section of the ship lock,its dispatching and operation mode has adverse impact on the navigation flow conditions.Through the physical model test of the whole fixed bed,the influence of the Fenghuangjing pumping and drainage station on the navigation flow conditions of the outer connecting section of the downstream gate of the ship lock under different dispatching modes is systematically studied.The test results show that under the self-discharge condition of the drainage from the West River to the Yangtze River,the water flow obliquely flows into the downstream connection section of the ship lock,resulting in the maximum lateral velocity of the intersection area reaching 0.48 m/s,which has a great influence on the navigation flow conditions of the connection section.In contrast,the lateral flow velocity is only 0.28 m/s under the mechanical diversion condition of the Yangtze River to the West River diversion,and the influence degree is relatively small.Further research has found that the lower the water level on the Yangtze River side,the more significant the influence of the outflow of the pumping and drainage station on the navigation flow conditions of the connecting section.Taking the self-discharge condition as the most unfavorable condition,the engineering optimization scheme of adding a permeable diversion wall between the drainage channel and the connecting section of the pumping station is proposed.The test shows that the measure can effectively control the transverse velocity within 0.30 m/s.
SONG Hongyu , GAO Chengyan , HU Jiang , LI Yao
2025(11):135-144.
Abstract:To analyze the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the air curtain of the estuarine ship lock under low concentration salt water conditions under different inlet pressures and the salinity of the lock chamber,a two-dimensional model of the air curtain for mitigating salt instrusion of the ship lock is established based on the VOF multiphase flow model and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model of CFD software.The three-phase flow simulation of the air curtain for mitigating salt instrusion process under different inlet pressures and salinity of the estuarine lock is carried out.The simulation results show that the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the ship lock air curtain is related to the inlet pressure of the bubble curtain.When the water level is 8 m and the salinity of the lock chamber is 2.5 ‰,there is an optimal inlet pressure that maximizes the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the ship lock air curtain;When the inlet pressure is closer to the optimal inlet pressure,the exchange rate of saltwater and freshwater is lower,the mitigating salt instrusion coefficient of the air curtain is larger,and the effect of mitigating salt instrusion of the air curtain is better.The optimal inlet pressure is related to the salinity of the chamber,and the higher the salinity of the chamber,the greater the optimal inlet pressure of the air curtain.When the salinity of the lock chamber increases,the inlet pressure should be increased in time to achieve a reasonable effect of mitigating salt instrusion.
ZHAO Jiaqiang , YUAN Xueming , YU Guangnian
2025(11):145-151.
Abstract:The scale of the renovated ship lock at Bailongtan has been greatly improved,but due to the curved river conditions in the downstream mountainous canyon,the layout of the ship lock is extremely difficult.By utilizing a 180 overall hydraulic physical model,the navigation flow conditions in the entrance area of the downstream approach channel are investigated,and measures to improve navigation conditions are proposed.The results show that after the confluence of flow discharged from the power station and the overflow dam,the continuous longitudinal contraction of the channel due to the narrowing effect of the diversion dike causes the flow to concentrate into a narrow and deep riverbed with persistently increasing dynamics.The sudden expansion of the channel behind the diversion dike leads to unfavorable flow patterns such as significant cross flows and back-flow in the entrance area of the approach channel,resulting in poor navigation conditions.By implementing engineering measures such as excavating high and steep slopes to widen the river channel,and widening the gorge’s high side slopes,creating permeable openings in the diversion dike,and installing permeable piles,the relative velocity gradient between the main flow and the entrance area can be significantly reduced.This effectively mitigates issues such as excessive cross-flow and back-flow,substantially improving navigation conditions.
2025(11):152-157.
Abstract:Focusing on the safety risks of in-service ship locks induced by underlying karst cavities,this study investigates the upper lock head of the Lianjiang Jietan hub ship lock through three-dimensional finite element modeling(FEM) and multi-scenario analysis to quantify the mechanical impacts of cavities and propose targeted reinforcement solutions.A refined 3D finite element model is developed using ANSYS software,incorporating the Drucker-Prager elastoplastic model for soil-rock foundations,SOLID65 elements to simulate concrete and masonry materials,and contact elements to characterize the interactions between the ship lock head and the foundation.The calculation results reveal that basal cavities induce stress redistribution,with tensile stress concentration in the left pier identified as the primary risk.It is recommended to fill the cavities pressure grouting combined with tensile zone reinforcement using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets or steel lining plates.This research establishes a closed-loop “three-dimensional FEM-field monitoring” evaluation methodology,providing a quantitative framework for safety assessment of navigation locks in karst regions.The modeling approach,reinforcement strategies,and monitoring threshold criteria can offer references for similar projects,demonstrating practical value for extending service life and ensuring navigational safety.
BU Meifei , YANG Hongxiang , SUN Baohu , ZHANG Jinhe
2025(11):158-165.
Abstract:The construction level of the Xinglong Hub Second Line Ship Lock is Grade II,with the effective scale of 300 m×34 m×5.6 m and maximum design water head of 13.73 m.It belongs to the medium head large ship lock,with the maximum water transport volume of 155,000 m3?at a time.This article adopts a decentralized water supply system with gate walls,long corridors,and side support holes.There are currently few engineering examples of using a gate wall long corridor side branch hole filling and emptying system for such a water transmission scale.It is necessary to carefully study whether this filling and emptying system can ensure the safe and efficient passage of ships under such a water transmission scale.With the help of engineering examples,a three-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model is used to study the hydraulic characteristics,gallery pressure,and gate chamber parking conditions of the side branch hole water delivery system of the gate wall corridor.The results indicate that the Xinglong Second Line Ship Lock is feasible to use the filling and emptying system with gate walls long corridors and side support holes.All hydraulic characteristic indicators of water transmission meet the design and specification requirements.The water flow conditions during the transfer of water in the lock chamber meet the requirements for safe passage of ships,and the water delivery time can be controlled within the 12 minute range required by the design.
QU Xindong , FAN Hongxia , ZHANG Yuedong , HU Peng , WANG Yong
2025(11):166-174.
Abstract:The Xinyi River is an artificial flood discharge channel in the lower reaches of the Yi-Shu-Si River system,designed to handle flood from Luoma Lake.It is regulated by the Zhangshan Gate,and the flood is characterized by rapid rise,high discharge,and prolonged durations.The Sulian Channel is planned Class II and crosses the Xinyi River over a long distance after exiting the Chaiyi River in Shuyang County.The traversal section exists numerous troughs and shoals,tributaries converge and numerous facilities.The flood discharge of Xinyi River forms strong cross-currents,severely restricting navigation duration and safety of the Sulian Channel.Under the current conditions,it is difficult to navigate at the design-required flow corresponding to the 20-year return period water level.Reducing the maximum navigable discharge and implementing channel regulation measures can improve navigational flow conditions.Based on large-scale topographic surveys and on-site hydrological measurements during flood periods,a mathematical model of water flow in the intersection area is established.By analyzing the daily average flow with guarantee rate and river boundary conditions,it is recommended to use the 99% guarantee flow rate at the Shuyang Hydrological Station as the maximum navigable discharge.Through mathematical model calculations,corresponding channel regulation plans are proposed.The research can provide a basis for engineering design and operation,as well as reference for similar projects.
LI Xueye , JIANG Xingliang , ZHONG Shanshan , HOU Daibing
2025(11):175-182.
Abstract:In response to the problem that the evaluation index system for green and low-carbon ship locks is neither systematic nor comprehensive,considering the characteristics of ship lock projects,this study aims to achieve resource conservation and intensive utilization,energy structure optimization,energy efficiency improvement,environmental and ecological protection,intelligent operation management,and innovative development.By employing methods such as hierarchical analysis,goal decomposition,trend analysis,and the PDCA cycle,the study systematically proposes key elements of green and low-carbon throughout the life cycle of ship lock projects,constructs an evaluation index system for green and low-carbon ship locks,and suggests methods for assigning weights to indicators,scoring,and evaluation.The index system covers 6 primary indicators including overall indicators,resource utilization and conservation,energy structure and efficiency,environmental and ecological protection,operation management,and innovative development,along with 30 secondary indicators.Among these,“innovative development” serves as a bonus indicator,while the others are regular indicators.The index system combines quantitative and qualitative approaches,possesses characteristic attributes of ship lock projects,and is systematic,scientific,operational,forward-looking,and open.It can provide guidance and reference for the green and low-carbon construction of major water transport projects both domestically and internationally.
ZHANG Shengli , SHEN Si , XU Shuo
2025(11):183-189.
Abstract:This paper delves into the application of big data technology in the digital twin system of waterways,focusing on the governance technology of waterway big data and multi-dimensional mining algorithms.By constructing a waterway data resource warehouse,designing efficient indexing technology,and combining multi-dimensional mining algorithms,an innovative waterway big data governance solution is proposed.This effectively addresses issues such as data dispersion and low retrieval efficiency,and enhancing the retrievability,accessibility,and usability of waterway data resources.Meanwhile,through the construction of digital twin scenarios in the demonstration section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River waterway,the application practices of ship traffic flow analysis and navigation guidance display in bridge areas,the actual effects and application potential of this technology are verified.Furthermore,the future development prospects of big data and digital twin technology in modern waterways are proposed,providing a systematic solution for the intelligent transformation of waterways.
LIANG Kai , LI Mingwei , HAN Yue , TIAN Yibo
2025(11):190-196.
Abstract:To the technical challenge of real-time online monitoring of surface obstruction flow in inland waterway hubs,this paper conducts research on the design of an intelligent recognition system that integrates deep learning and multimodal data augmentation.The aim is to break through the bottleneck of traditional measurement techniques that cannot monitor in real-time online and improve navigation safety and security capabilities.A surface flow intelligent recognition system is designed,which includes modules such as image acquisition and preprocessing,object detection and recognition,flow velocity calculation and flow classification,and data visualization.Three core algorithms are proposed:a large-scale particle image velocimetry algorithm based on deep learning,which calculates the fluid velocity field through LSPIV and optimizes the calculation results using BP neural network,reducing the relative measurement error to 3.48%.A multi-stage risk perception algorithm based on YOLO-BP network,combined with YOLOv5 object detection and BP neural network classification,achieves dynamic assessment of flow obstruction risk with an accuracy rate of 98.34%.A special working condition data augmentation algorithm for interference such as reflection,rain and fog,using wavelet analysis,sparse coding and dark channel theory,effectively improves image recognition quality.Through actual testing and verification of the Three Gorges and Gezhouba hub section of the Yangtze River,the single point monitoring range of the system is about 400 m × 500 m,supporting continuous operation for 7×24 h.It can provide high-precision,all-weather flow monitoring technology support for inland waterway hubs and has reference significance for promoting the development of intelligent shipping technology.
MAN Jiangbin , CHAI Guanjun , JIAN Pu , FENG Guolun , JIA Weiyu
2025(11):197-201.
Abstract:To address the issues of low accuracy and inefficiency in traditional sand vessel volume measurement methods,which primarily rely on manual operations,we propose a deep learning-based sand vessel measurement algorithm.Integrating 3D point cloud technology with the PointNet++ deep learning network achieves automatic classification and precise segmentation of sand body point clouds inside the vessel.An artificial intelligence (AI)-based sand vessel volume measurement system is developed,and a PointNet++ model is built to perform semantic segmentation on the collected point cloud data and calculate the sand volume.The results show that in an overseas reclamation project,the system reduces the internal volume processing time for a single vessel from 60 min (manual) to under 10 min,improving efficiency significantly.The accuracy of automatic sand compartment classification increases to over 95%,and the measurement error rate drops to below 2%.The proposed AI-based sand vessel volume measurement approach significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of sand load calculations,reduces on-site operational risks,and meets the intelligent measurement demands of modern marine engineering,offering strong practical value for engineering applications.
PAN Xinying , DAI Xuebing , WANG Dingcheng , NING Meng
2025(11):202-211.
Abstract:Regarding the problem of the unclear influence of different tandem and side-by-side spacing ratios on the flow field characteristics in pile foundation structures,we use particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology to carry out a physical model test of the flow field of a nine-pile group structure arranged in a rectangle under subcritical Reynolds number conditions,and systematically study the variation laws of the flow field characteristics of the pile group under the arrangements of tandem spacing ratios (X*) and side-by-side spacing ratios (Y*) at 1.5,2.5,and 4.0.The results show that with the increase of the tandem spacing ratio,the attached vortices behind the piles gradually expand and tend to roll up and detach;while the increase of the side-by-side spacing ratio significantly reduces the number of vortices inside the pile group,and gradually weakens the interaction of the shear layers between rows.The flow pattern shows an evolution trend from the (R,R) type to the (R,J) type and then to the (J,J) type with the increase of the tandem spacing ratio,and the smaller side-by-side spacing delays the roll-up of the shear layer.There is an obvious backflow phenomenon in the near-pile area,and the small spacing ratio condition can effectively suppress the backflow length.In addition,the small spacing ratio can reduce the turbulence intensity of the flow field in the pile group structure and inhibit the momentum exchange of the fluid.
YANG Ruochen , LI Chengfeng , LIU Run , CHEN Jifeng
2025(11):212-224.
Abstract:Creep can cause changes in the strength parameters of foundation soil.To quantitatively analyze the impact of creep on the bearing reliability of gravity wharf,a time-varying model for the mean value and variation coefficient of soil strength parameters is established based on the results of triaxial creep test of marine undisturbed soil.The time-varying reliability of gravity wharf bearing under creep action is studied by using the stochastic finite element method,and the influence of variation coefficients of soil strength parameters and related distances on the bearing reliability is analyzed.Adjustment coefficient of resistance partial coefficient considering the creep effect of foundation soil is proposed.The research results show that under the action of creep,the average cohesion of soil decreases but the coefficient of variation increases,and the average internal friction angle decreases while the coefficient of variation decreases.When a constant partial resistance coefficient is used,the load bearing reliability of the terminal decreases,and the partial resistance factor needs to be adjusted to maintain the same safety level.The adjustment coefficient of resistance partial coefficient is related to the initial variation coefficient of the foundation soil parameters,the relevant distance and the specified safety level.Overall,it decreases with the increase of the partial resistance coefficient.
YANG Can , TANG Deying , ABI Erdi , TAN Dingjie , PAN Jian
2025(11):225-232.
Abstract:This paper focuses on the soil seepage failure and the resulting instability of deep foundation pits caused by the excavation of deep foundation pits in coastal areas with high groundwater levels,conduct research on the influencing factors of foundation pit well-point dewatering based on numerical simulation methods.Based on the foundation pit engineering of Babao ship lock,a numerical model of foundation pit dewatering is established to analyze the effect law of the depth and permeability coefficient of water curtain,the depth and layout of dewatering well on the foundation pit pore water pressure and surface settlement.The results show that increasing the depth of the curtain can reduce the pore water pressure of foundation soil and the surface settlement.Reducing the permeability coefficient of the curtain can effectively block the seepage of groundwater into the foundation pit and reduce the surface settlement.With the increase of the depth of dewatering well,the pore water pressure of foundation pit decreases gradually,and the surface settlement increases continuously.The distance between the ground surface and the foundation pit gradually increases,and the ground settlement decreases first and then increases.The more the number of dewatering wells is,the smaller the pore water pressure of foundation pit is,the smaller the surface settlement is.The arrangement of three dewatering wells in the pit and one dewatering well outside the pit minimizes the surface settlement.
2025(11):233-237.
Abstract:For the soft soil foundation with poor physical properties,the upper retaining wall often faces the problems of anti-sliding and insufficient bearing capacity of the foundation.Traditional prefabricated pile and cast-in-place pile schemes often face problems such as the safety of buildings around the project,residents’ noise complaints and environmental pressure from the discharge of drilling mud.Moreover,the construction period and cost requirements are high and cannot be guaranteed.In view of the above problems,the anti-slide of retaining wall and the bearing capacity of foundation are analyzed respectively.The geogrid in the reinforced soil can bear all or part of the horizontal force of the soil and the strength composite piles can improve the bearing capacity of the foundation.In the design of retaining wall on soft soil foundation,a new idea of combined protection of geogrid and strength composite piles is put forward and a relatively complete design calculation and analysis is carried out.The results show that the combination of the two can not only meet the anti-sliding stability of the retaining wall but also ensure the bearing capacity of the foundation.The combined scheme of geogrid and strength composite piles is convenient for construction and can save engineering investment.The research results have reference significance for the design and construction of retaining wall on soft soil foundation.
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