HUO Xiaoyang , LIU Xiao , JIN Ruijia , HU Jielong , WU Deyu , LIU Yong
2025(10):1-9.
Abstract:The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are used to solve the mean flow of incompressible viscous fluid.The k-ε turbulence model is introduced to simulate the turbulence motion, and the volume of fluid(VOF)is utilized to track the free surface.A two-dimensional numerical wave flume is built to simulate and investigate the wave dissipation performance of partially perforated caisson with double-chamber on a rubble-mound foundation.The numerical results are compared with the reflection coefficient of perforated caisson with single-chamber on a rubble-mound foundation of the completed experimental results, and the comparisons are in good agreement.According to the numerical calculation results, the reflection coefficient and the flow field near the partially perforated caisson with double-chamber on a rubble-mound foundation are analyzed.The results show that the reflection coefficient Kr?has a nonlinear relationship with the total relative wave chamber width B/L, and gets the minimum value at B/L=0.15.The influence of the rubble-mound foundation height on the reflection coefficient is associated with the width of each wave chamber and the wave period.The reflection coefficient has a smaller value when the widths of the front and back chamber are equal(B1=B2).The flows inside the front wave chamber are more violent, and vorticity and turbulence are mainly concentrated on both sides of each perforated wall, as well as at the free water surface outside and in front of the wave chamber.
SUN Jianfeng , XING Fei , TANG Shuai
2025(10):10-19.
Abstract:with the development of hydro-elasticity, in coastal and offshore engineering, it has become very urgent to study the mechanism of wave impact process with elastic support, and to master the dynamic response change characteristics of buildings and structures under wave impact and the influence law of dynamic response on impact loads.The experimental research is based on the background of the open-type marine platform suffering from wave impact.The process of wave impact on horizontal plates under different stiffness elastic support is investigated through model tests.According to the characteristics of the impact pressure change, the impact process is divided into four different stages:impact stage, submergence stage, dehydration stage and detachment stage.In a wave period, the characteristics of the impact pressure changes at the bottom of the horizontal plate during a wave cycle are discussed and summarized.The impact duration time is defined and the distribution characteristics of the larger pressure amplitude along the bottom of the plate are summarized.To study the influence of the support stiffness and hydro-elasticity on the wave impact pressure amplitude and the dynamic response of the structure, three groups of horizontal plate with different stiffness elastic support are designed.The influence law of the support stiffness change on the distribution of the larger impact pressure amplitude along the plate bottom and the impact duration time is obtained.In the time-domain and frequency-domain, the change rule between the relative support stiffness and the relative acceleration, as well as the influence of elastic support stiffness on the frequency spectrum distribution of vibration acceleration, are discussed separately.
HU Xiaoyu , LI Jiaxian , GUAN Mingliang , MENG Bangji , MA Hongbing , WANG Yu , WANG Ping , FANG Kezhao
2025(10):20-30.
Abstract:To investigate the influence of artificial sandbars on beach profile evolution, we conduct mobile-bed physical model experiments in a wave flume under JONSWAP random wave conditions, incorporating composite-slope beach profiles.On the basis of experimental data, we analyze the characteristics of wave propagation, cross-shore sediment transport, and profile evolution patterns, with a focus on the effects of sandbar placement, height, and median grain size.The results show that intense wave breaking at the sandbar crest induces a significant reduction in fundamental frequency energy and minimum transmission coefficient is 0.4, accompanying by prominent low-frequency wave components behind the sandbar, the motion of higher harmonics becomes more complex, and the nonlinear characteristics of local waves on the sandbar are enhanced.Sediment transport is dominated by bedload transport and facilitated onshore sand replenishment, resulting in upper beachface erosion combined with berm and lower beach face deposition, contrasting with consistent erosion and offshore sediment transport observed in non-sandbar configurations.Among the experimental conditions sandbar height exhibits the most pronounced protective effect to the beach face.When the sandbar crest aligns with still water level, unit-width erosion volume, berm erosion depth, and shoreline retreat distance decreases by 89%, 69%, and 90%, respectively.
2025(10):31-34.
Abstract:To guide and standardize the compilation of special design documents for anti-ship collision facilities and navigation aids of inland river bridges, and to prevent ship collision risks from the design source, the Guidelines for the Preparation of Special Design Documents for Anti-Ship Collision Facilities and Navigation Aids of Inland Bridges was compiled based on the investigation and summary of most water transport provinces in China and combined with a large number of engineering experiences.It is applicable to new, expanded and in-service bridges crossing inland river shipping routes.The results show that the guidelines standardize the design principles, protection scope, representative ship types, structure and of anti-ship collision facilities, navigation aids and safety signs, improving the quality of design texts and perfecting the standard system for bridge anti-ship collision.
ZHENG Danni , QIAN Liyun , HU Jie , ZHOU Qin , ZHANG Chunze
2025(10):35-41.
Abstract:The occurrence of surging waves has a direct impact on the safety and stability of ships and docks in the corresponding waters.This article establishes a three-dimensional numerical model of docks and ships in a straight digital river channel, simulates the motion response process of floating docks and moored ships under the action of landslide surges, analyzes the ship motion characteristics and the force characteristics of each cable when the docks are arranged on the same and opposite sides, and summarizes the dynamic response laws and mooring safety of ships and pontoon docks under the action of surges.The research shows that when encountering waves with a height of 0.5 m, both types of shore arrangements can cause instability in the hull of the river vessel, leading to instability of the barge dock and cable breakage.The stability characteristics exhibited by the vessel are completely different from those in a free sailing state.Compared with the same shore arrangement, the opposite shore arrangement results in a more significant wave angle and shore wall reflection intensity for the river vessel barge berthing system, leading to larger extreme values for various motion parameters and mooring forces.
ZHAO Jing , XIA Yunqiang , WANG Haifeng , WANG Guoan
2025(10):42-47.
Abstract:In response to the issue of acceptable movement standards for ships during berthing operations, an interpretation and analysis is conducted on the latest 2023 edition of Criteria for Acceptable Movement of Ship at Berths released by the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses(PIANC).The acceptable movement amounts for loading and unloading operation of various ship types recommended in the new edition are summarized into a table for easy use.The new edition standard is compared with the 1995 edition standard and the relevant content of China's current Design Code of General Layout for Sea Ports.The results show that the new edition standard is more scientific, accurate and strict.The new edition standard clarifies the applicable positions of the acceptable movement of ships, ignores the limitations on the ship's rotation and heave movement amounts, and the movement amount standards for liquefied gas ships, general cargo ships, bulk cargo ships and other types of ships have been reduced by up to 50%.It also improves the operation efficiency grading of container ships.The new edition standard is more in line with the actual operation of ships and is more operable.It provides an important reference for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of ships, the development of ship mooring model tests and the formulation and revision of relevant industry standards.
ZHANG Hairong , LI Guanxing , LIU Yangyong , CAI Dongsheng , DING Long
2025(10):48-54.
Abstract:In consideration of the shortage of rock materials, difficult construction of large stones, high quarrying environmental protection requirements, the instability tendency of the armour structure at the steep reef of the breakwater root, and out-of-control project progress in Samoa Apia Port breakwater project, an innovative design is carried out for the typical sloping breakwater.A new type of sloping breakwater structure using concrete artificial blocks instead of traditional rocks is proposed, and the stability of the breakwater structure is verified through three-dimensional overall physical model test.The test results show that it is feasible that using artificial blocks instead of rocks as the underlayer, apron and toe structure in the sloping breakwater.Furthermore, based on the test phenomena and results, an optimized design of the breakwater toe grooving on the steep reef terrain is adopted, which can provide reference for the design of similar sloping breakwaters.
LI Rongqing , JIA Zhenlong , YANG Haicheng , ZHANG Qin
2025(10):55-63.
Abstract:To address the issue of unclear identification of key control factors affecting the service life of pile supported wharves, we systematically investigate the relationship between the damage of major components and relevant influencing factors.On the basis of grey relational analysis and the BP neural network method, we select 37 in-service pile supported wharves as research objects to analyze the induced relationships between component damage degree and three categories of control factors：time, environment, and materials.The results show that, at the specific factor level, the grey relational grades of service life, annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, and chloride ion concentration all exceed 0.62, indicating a strong correlation with component damage.At the overall factor level, environmental factors have the most significant impact on component damage, with a weight of 66%, followed by material factors (22%) and time factors (12%).
2025(10):64-69.
Abstract:To address issues such as the incomplete technical standard system and inconsistent configuration parameters of fire protection facilities in the design of fire protection systems for liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)terminals, this study combines practical engineering cases by reviewing domestic and international codes and standards.Through numerical calculations, comparative analysis, quantitative models, and other methods, it focuses on breakthroughs in key technologies including the optimization of design flow rates for fire-cooling water monitors, selection of integrated control methods for fire protection facilities, and adaptability of monitor tower heights.The research clarifies multivariate relationships between the design flow rate, range, coverage area, and wind direction of cooling water monitors.It proposes fire scenario-based control strategies for fire protection facilities and establishes a dynamic quantitative model between the monitor tower height and the draft depth of unloaded ship types.The research results provide theoretical basis for the standardized design of fire protection systems for LPG terminals, effectively resolve long-standing design differences in the industry, and have engineering practical value for enhancing the fire safety of hazardous chemical terminals.
YUAN Hao , CAO Xiangyu , HU Ruichang , SONG Xiang , XIE Chunhang
2025(10):70-78.
Abstract:The water level fluctuation in the upper approach channel will be caused during the filling process of the ship locks, and the formation of undesirable flow regimes such as oblique currents, backflows, and separation eddies will adversely affect the safety of ship navigation and berthing.Relying on Baishiyao hub project, this paper adopts RNG k-ε turbulence model to analyze the water level, wave speed and other hydraulic characteristics under different conditions for the non-constant flow problem caused by staggered operation in the upper approach channel of double-line ship lock.The results show that the staggered operation of double-line ship lock will cause the corresponding water level fluctuation amplitude to be reduced, and the water level change process is more complicated during the filling period of the lock.Surface eddies appear in a certain range near the intake.Even cascading funnel whirlpools occur, affecting the water intake and lock chamber water delivery conditions, as well as the valve working condition.By assessing the adverse effects on the navigation and mooring of vessels, it is concluded that simultaneous water filling in the double-line ship lock should be avoided.The flow conditions in the approach channel and the flow patterns at the intake should be strengthened in terms of prototype observation.Based on the results of the prototype observation, the opening mode and time of the water filling valves in the double-line ship lock should be adjusted, and the joint dispatching of the double-line ship lock should be strengthened to ensure the safety of vessels passing through the lock.The research results provide a scientific basis for improving the capacity of the ship lock.
SUN Guodong , CHEN Jiahao , JIN Mengtian , FAN Lidong , XU Jin , ZHANG Gonglüe , TONG Ya
2025(10):79-89.
Abstract:The Cao'e River estuary ship lock connects the inland and offshore rivers.The hydrological conditions of the river section are complex, the riverbed situation is varied, and the buildings are dense.The operation of the ship lock is affected by strong tides.These lead to crossflow and backflow in the entrance and approach channel, which are prone to exceeding the standard.The layout plan of the ship lock is particularly crucial for improving water flow conditions.Based on the measured terrain data of the Qiantang River, a two-dimensional tidal mathematical model is established to compare three different layout types of ship lock design.The results show that Scheme one in which the approach channel outlet is arranged in the connecting lines on both sides of the outlet of Cao'e River Gate is better, and it has little impact on the flow velocity and flow pattern of the surrounding waters, including the Cao'e River Gate, Jiashao Bridge, and the offshore deep troughs of the project section.The navigation flow conditions of this scheme are better, and the navigation guarantee rate of the approach channel and entrance area is relatively high.Therefore, it is the recommended scheme.The semi empirical and semi theoretical formula is used to calculate the impact of riverbed erosion and deposition in the recommended scheme.The results show that the impact of the recommended scheme can be basically controlled within the Cao'e River estuary area.
NIE Liying , PANG Xichen , HAN Liu , WU Jundong , CHEN Xiaohu
2025(10):90-99.
Abstract:To avoid collision damage to the water stop at structural joints during earthquakes and prevent water leakage that endangers the safety of ships and personnel in the aqueducts, a novel bidirectional restrainer which bears the collision force instead of water stop and prevents the damage of water stop has been developed, and a design method based on capacity protection for this restrainer has been established and preliminary verified by finite element analysis.Static tensile experiments of this device are carried out.Through the experiments and corresponding finite element analysis of the restrainer, it is further verified that its design concept and method are practical and safe.The analysis of ultimate load-bearing capacity and the elastic upper limit(yield point)is performed.The results show that the ultimate load-bearing capacity is determined by the material failure caused by the local stress of the contact surface on the part with fewer plates reaching the tensile strength of the material, but it does not affect the determination of the elastic upper limit, and the control effect of the bending deformation of the pin on the whole deformation of the device and its protective effect on the plate.The elastic upper limit of the device is controlled by the whole deformation curve.The safety factor of the design method of this novel restrainer based on capacity protection is 1.73.
ZHANG Yuebo , SUN Qihang , ZHANG Xiaoyu , LI Juntao
2025(10):100-109.
Abstract:The arc-shaped bank erosion phenomenon in the middle and lower Yangtze River poses significant threats to flood control safety along the riverbanks.Through systematic analysis of measured data, this paper elaborates on the spatio-temporal distribution patterns and formation characteristics of arc-shaped bank erosion in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The results show that:1)The proportion of large-scale arc-shaped bank erosion(scour-pit length≥300 m)increased substantially after the Three Gorges Project operation, rising from 21% during the pre-operation period(1973-2002)to 36% post-operation.2)The phenomenon of arc-shaped bank erosion mainly occurs during and after the flood season, and is spatially concentrated in the mainstream impingement or nearshore flows(such as curved concave banks and the heads of midstream islands).3)The formation of arc-shaped bank erosion in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is influenced by multiple factors such as nearshore hydrodynamics, riverbed boundary conditions, soil characteristics.The formation process of large-scale arc-shaped bank erosion begins with changes in local river conditions, forming nearshore deep troughs.Then, the area of the deep troughs gradually increases, and the deepest point continues to deepen and move towards the riverbank until the deep trough wedges into the riverbank.The nearshore slope is steep, and under the continuous action of nearshore water flow, the riverbank collapses.The research results can provide critical scientific basis and technical support for flood control, disaster reduction, and river management in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
WU Chengjing , XIAO Yang , ZHANG Taotao , WANG Zixuan , LIU Zihan , GU Ran , XU Linwan , YUAN Kang , TIAN Shuai
2025(10):110-121.
Abstract:The Ganjiang Estuary Main Tributary Hub project is a core initiative aimed at improving waterway transportation along the Ganjiang River.To evaluate the impact of downstream drainage pumping stations on navigation water flow conditions, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is established.Different upstream inflow conditions are selected during the dry season(500-5 000 m3/s)and flood season(5 500 m3/s)to simulate and analyze the flow field evolution characteristics before and after drainage.The results show that the drainage operations at the Fengchan drainage pumping station have a significant impact on the flow field, leading to an increase in the number of recirculation zones and a reduction in the size of individual recirculation areas.The impact of drainage operations at the Lianwei drainage pumping station is mainly confined to the drainage channels and riverbanks, with relatively minor effects on the navigation channel flow field.The flow velocity changes caused by the drainage of the drainage pumping station are relatively small, with a maximum amplitude of about 0.10 m/s and an impact range of about 200-350 m, and the impact range decreases with the increase of the outer flow rate.After the water spreads onto the floodplain, the impact of drainage operations on the hydrodynamics of the river channel is significantly reduced.The impact of drainage on navigation water flow conditions is limited and will not have significant adverse effects.The results of this study can provide valuable support for ensuring the navigational safety of the downstream channel of the main tributary hub in Ganjiang estuary.
BU Meifei , YANG Hongxiang , SUN Baohu , LI Juntao , BAI Guowen
2025(10):122-131.
Abstract:We adopt the experimental method of hydraulic overall physical model to study the navigation flow conditions of the entrance area and connecting section of the 2, 000-ton level second-line ship lock of Xinglong Hub, and the impact of the construction of the second-line ship lock on the navigation flow conditions of the first line ship lock.To eliminate the impact of the second-line ship lock construction on the first-line ship lock, we propose an optimization plan through multiple experiments to extend and raise barriers between the first-line ship lock and second-line ship lock, while adding diversion piers at the end of the first-line ship lock barriers.Then, we conduct further experimental research on the optimization plan.The results show that the navigation flow conditions of the second-line ship lock are good.However, the construction of the second-line ship lock has resulted in a significant increase in lateral flow velocity in the downstream entrance area of the first line ship lock due to the excavation and suction benefits of the downstream approach channel.The engineering measures of the optimization plan improve the flow conditions in the downstream entrance area of the first-line ship lock.After implementing the optimization plan, the maximum lateral flow velocity in the downstream entrance area of each level of flow decreased compared to that before the optimization plan, except for Q=820 m3/s.
YUAN Peng , GAO Chengyan , WU Zhilong
2025(10):132-137.
Abstract:Addressing the lack of clear standards for the design of main dimensions in restricted canals, we focus on the upstream channel of the Madao Hub in the Pinglu Canal, conducting a demonstration research on its main channel parameters.On the basis of freight volume forecasts for 2035 and 2050 and using a 5, 000-ton class bulk carrier as the representative ship type, we systematically determine key parameters such as design speed, minimum water depth, minimum width, and bending radius through methods including the channel cross-sectional coefficient approach, calculation of navigation sinkage, and ship track width modeling.The proposed channel cross-section of 80 m (width) × 6.3 m (depth) with a bending radius of 360 m can ensure safe navigation of vessels at a speed of 11.96 km/h.This wide-shallow section design not only meets navigational safety and economic efficiency but also significantly reduces rock excavation volume and enhances the flexibility for future channel upgrades.
LIANG Weikun , ZHONG Liang , WANG Xianyao , FAN Xinran , YU Jiangxiu
2025(10):138-147.
Abstract:When ships navigate in restricted waters, the water flow structure is very complex due to shallow water depth and narrow water surface.The turbulent characteristics around the hull in restricted waters are studied on the basis of particle image velocimetry(PIV)flume experiment, and the distribution characteristics of longitudinal turbulence intensity Tux, Reynolds stress τ, turbulence kinetic energy k, and their variation with cross-section coefficient are explored.The results show that the longitudinal turbulence intensity Tux and turbulence kinetic energy k of the mid-section of the bow are both affected by the hull walls, with the maximum values concentrated at the bottom of the water flume and near the bottom of the ship.The maximum Reynolds stress τ occurs near the bottom of the flume, and is negative at the bow surface and near the bottom of the ship.Tux and k in the front area of the ship decrease from the bottom of the water flume towards the water surface, and τ first increases and then decreases vertically.The stern reflux zone forms a long elliptical shape with high values of Tux and k, as well as negative values of τ, and diffuses downstream.As the cross-section coefficient increases, the high and negative ranges of Tux, τ, and k decrease, and the inflection point of k shifts upward.Increasing the cross-section coefficient can significantly reduce the squeezing effect of the hull on the flow, reduce the influence of the hull shape on the flow, weaken the turbulent momentum transfer and exchange, reduce local high-intensity turbulence, and increase the stability of the flow field.
KONG Lingshuang , SHEN Qi , WANG Youming , LIU Rulan , GU Fengfeng
2025(10):148-154.
Abstract:A study is carried out on the data of suspended sediment particle diameter in the fixed vertical line tests in the South and North Passages of the Yangtze Estuary in 2018 and 2019.The distribution characteristics of the suspended sediment particle diameter in the South and North Passages in terms of time and space and their causes are analyzed, and the variation laws of the suspended sediment particle diameter and composition in the Yangtze Estuary under different hydrological conditions such as runoff and tide are explored.The results show that the particle diameter of suspended sediment in the Yangtze Estuary is between 0.007 0 and 0.016 8 mm, and is larger in the dry season than in the flood season, larger during spring tide than during neap tide, and slightly coarser during the ebb tide period than during the flood tide period.The water body in the upper layer has fine suspended sediment, the water body in the lower layer has coarse suspended sediment, and the water body in the middle is between the two.The particle diameter of suspended sediment in the North Passage is slightly coarser than that in the South Passage.The suspended sediment in the South and North Passages is fine sediment.The proportion of fine silt, very fine silt and clay with a median particle diameter of less than 0.016 mm is about 70%, the proportion of sediment with a median particle diameter of less than 0.005 mm is about 30%, and the proportion of sediment with a median particle diameter of more than 0.062 mm is about 7%.
CHEN Xiaoyi , CAI Xiangyun , QU Bin
2025(10):155-163.
Abstract:The construction of a tidal gate at the Huangpu River estuary is a major water conservancy project to ensure the safety of Shanghai's flood prevention and control.The project construction must adapt to the comprehensive needs of shipping development.To ensure the smoothness and safety of navigation, the engineering site selection research is carried out from the perspective of reducing the impact of navigation conditions.Based on the importance and characteristics of the project, the navigation safety risk atlas analysis method is adopted to conduct accident analysis, risk factor identification, and risk factor analysis.Eight key factors affecting gate site selection are extracted, including river stability, water depth conditions, water flow conditions, ship routes, navigation density, impact on surrounding planning, impact on important water related facilities, and contruction conditions.The results show that the impact of the Zhabei gate site on the navigation conditions of the waterway is relatively small, and it is recommended as the key research gate site for the next stage from the perspective of navigation.The research findings can provide technical references for project initiation decision-making and the deepening study of engineering schemes in the next stage.
2025(10):164-170.
Abstract:Nanjing Port Master Plan(2024-2035)has defined the positioning and development direction of Nanjing Port.The trend towards larger-scale, more intensive port operations and the increasing size of ships entering and leaving the port has become inevitable, placing higher demands on the capacity of the Yangtze River waterway.On the basis of the port layout planning and the forecast of the maximum ship dimensions for different cargo types arriving at the port, as well as the navigable ship type dimensions on the main trunk of the Yangtze River, which is specified by national and industrial standards.We demonstrate typical ship types and target values for navigable channel dimension requirements of the Nanjing Port section upstream of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge during the planning period, and conduct research on the adaptability of the waterway's capacity.The results show that the current navigable channel dimensions and the construction standards of waterway regulation projects cannot fully meet the requirements of Nanjing Port Master Plan(2024-2035), leading to the proposal of optimization strategies for navigable channel dimensions.
2025(10):171-178.
Abstract:In the context of national regional coordination and the improvement of the transportation system, the development of the Hunan-Guangxi Canal is of great significance.We comprehensively analyze the necessity of its construction, covering aspects such as optimizing inland waterway shipping, promoting regional coordination, reducing logistics costs, utilizing water resources, and driving development along the line, highlighting its key position in the transportation strategic layout.We adopt the line-selection segmented exhaustive method.Following the principles of driving the development of the hinterland, coordinating plans, and reducing environmental impacts, we select and combine routes in the section from Pingdao on the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River to the Xijiang River, forming multiple route schemes.Through systematic calculations and comprehensive evaluations of indicators such as the waterway natural conditions, freight volume, ecological protection, project investment, ship passage time, cascade layout, and ecological environment impact of each route, we determine Route 1 to be the optimal one.Route 1 has significant advantages such as a short over-mountain section, excellent water supply method, high operating efficiency, and low project cost.At the same time, the strategic value of the Fuqun River, a tributary of the Guijiang River, as the main branch waterway is clarified.
LI Wei , WANG Cui , LIU Chunze , TANG Ying , ZHANG Baiwang , WANG Xiaoyuan
2025(10):179-187.
Abstract:In a domestic five-line ship lock project, the dimensions and operational parameters of each ship lock vary significantly.There are a large number of anchorages with different functions, and the ship navigation routes near the anchorages and locks are intertwined.Under the complex conditions, there is a lack of proper methods to analyze the operation rules of five-line ship lock.This article analyzes the operation rules of the five-line ship lock from two dimensions：the priority rules for ship entering and leaving the locks and the lock arrangement rules.Based on the simulation model of multi-line ship locks, a simulation modeling method considering ship navigation and introducing channel network initialization algorithm and channel navigation judgment algorithm is proposed.The results show that compared with the rule of “priority for incoming ships”, the passing capacity of the rule of “priority for outgoing ships” is about 20% higher.The adoption of “Lock No.1 is limited to ships with a width of more than 12 m, Lock No.2 is limited to ships with a width of less than 15m, and Locks No.3, 4, and 5 are limited to ships with a width of more than 10m” is slightly better than other scheduling rules.
2025(10):188-194.
Abstract:With the development of large-scale ships, ship collisions with bridges and ports have become one of the main threats to navigation safety.However, the existing protective facilities mainly rely on passive protection and lack intelligence.In order to reduce the risk of ship-bridge and ship-port collisions, with the core concept of “active warning, active protection, and active decision-making”, a flexible barrier active ship interception system suitable for underwater structures such as bridges and ports is proposed by integrating key technologies such as ship navigation anomaly recognition, magnetic detection, and flexible airbag interception.The system composition, system functions, key technical characteristics, promotion, and benefits are elaborated.After analysis, the system can be used as an effective intelligent anti ship collision measure, with the characteristics of convenient and environmentally friendly construction, minimal landscape impact, strong environmental adaptability, intelligent control, durable use, and low cost.It can provide a basic theoretical basis and technical reference for the safety design of key bridges, key ports, and the risk control of waterway navigation safety.
2025(10):195-202.
Abstract:The soft and thick clayey soil layers are commonly distributed in the nearshore waters of the Yangtze River Estuary, and their engineering characteristics have a direct impact on the construction of major projects.Piezocone penetration test (CPTU) is an effective in-situ testing method.By interpreting the test data, it can achieve the purpose of soil classification, soil layer division, and obtaining soil parameters.Due to the variability and regional characteristics of soil, it is necessary to establish a formula for the relationship between CPTU index and soil properties in an engineering site.Based on a regulation project in the nearshore waters of the Yangtze River Estuary, this paper carries out seabed mode cone penetration test and laboratory soil test, and establishes a formula for the relationship between modified cone resistance qt1 and soil gravity density γ.The range value and total average value of calibrated CPTU cone factor Nkt for clayey soil in the Yangtze River Estuary are calibrated based on consolidated quick direct shear, quick direct shear and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests.When there is a lack of site calibration results and geotechnical test results, using cone factor Nkt and the formula for the relationship between qt1 and γ can effectively solve the undrained shear strength of clayey soil in the engineering site, and provide a certain interpretation basis for clayey soil with similar physical properties in the coastal area of the Yangtze River Estuary.
ZHONG Weilin , YU Yang , YUE Lin , LI Jie
2025(10):203-208.
Abstract:To address the insufficient accuracy of pile foundation settlement calculations in soft soil foundations of port engineering, this study proposes a refined calculation method applicable to soft soil by comparative analysis of differences in Mindlin stress influence coefficients between the national standard JGJ 94-2008 Technical Code for Building Pile Foundations and the Shanghai local standard DGJ 08-11-2018 Design Standard for Foundation Engineering.An improved Mindlin-based model integrating pile diameter and horizontal distance effects is developed through theoretical derivation, overcoming the parameter oversimplification and computational complexity of traditional methods.The results show that pile diameter induces 3%-10% errors in stress influence coefficients near the pile tip (calculation depth z≤3 m), but errors reduce to within 1% when the calculation depth exceeds 3 m.For horizontal distance ρ≥2 m, the computational error between the Shanghai local standard and national numerical integration method is less than 1%.This method enhances settlement calculation accuracy, it can provide efficient support for rigid pile treatments in soft soil foundations of port yard areas, and offer reference and guidance for developing computational programs for pile foundation settlement analysis.
LI Wei , LUO Honggao , MEI Taotao , PAN Zekun
2025(10):209-216.
Abstract:With the construction of island reclamation projects in “the Belt and Road” , the problem of coral reef sand foundation treatment has attracted more and more attention from the engineering community.As an effective treatment method for sandy condition, stone columns mainly include two construction techniques：vibro-replacement stone column and vibrating tube stone column.Relying on the ground improvement project in the Red Sea of Saudi Arabia, a typical test area of vibro-replacement stone column and vibrating tube stone column is carried out, and the principle of soil reinforcement by stone column is explained.Starting from cone penetration test（CPT）, plate load test（PLT） and zone load test（ZLT）detection and analysis, settlement calculation is carried out using Settle 3 software, and the construction technology, construction efficiency and reinforcement effect of the two are compared.The results show that both 10% and 12.5% replacement rates can meet the design requirements of bearing capacity, settlement and anti-liquefaction;under the same replacement rate conditions, the vibrating tube stone column has a better effect on soil reinforcement than vibro-replacement stone column, but its work efficiency is lower than that of the vibro-replacement stone column.The test results can provide some reference for the selection of foundation treatment methods for similar coral reef sand.
2025(10):217-223.
Abstract:For the risk of damage to built submarine pipelines caused by underwater blasting construction in marine engineering, taking the reef blasting in harbor dredging engineering adjacent to submarine pipelines as an example, this paper systematically describes and analyzes key thinking and technical applications of underwater blasting construction, and it mainly focus on the protection of the submarine pipelines during construction.The conclusion indicates that compared with underwater exposed blasting methods, underwater drilling blasting is a better method in blasting efficiency, consumables, and protection of surrounding structures.In blasting construction, the explosive quantity is the core of controlling the vibration speed of pipelines.It is necessary to calculate the relationship between explosive quantity and safety distance based on the allowable vibration speed of pipeline before construction, and design a safe detonation network for different blasting distances combined with equipment and materials.By setting weakened vibration holes and groove, the vibration transmission caused by underwater blasting can be further reduced, and the risk of vibration damage to pipelines can be lowered.Vibration monitoring can timely observe and collect the vibration status of pipelines during underwater blasting, providing a reference for adjusting construction methods or analyzing pipelines safety, and the pipeline integrity testing after construction is an important method to ensure the safety use of pipelines in production.
2025(10):224-232.
Abstract:：In response to the problems such as the difficulty in obtaining real-time tide levels during dredging projects, low timeliness in processing depth measurement data, inability to directly transmit and use depth measurement results with the dredging system, and the impact on the timeliness of guidance for dredging construction, theoretical research, model verification, and field testing methods are adopted to conduct studies on real-time tide level reception and processing based on the Beidou cloud tide level, automatic filtering of multi-source depth measurement data, automatic quality inspection, and self-organizing network multi-link communication.Thus, the efficient and automatic processing technology for depth measurement in dredging engineering is proposed.The results of multiple project measurements show that the accuracy of the automated processing results of depth measurement data is comparable to that of manual processing, and the efficiency of automatic processing has been greatly improved.The processing of single-beam depth measurement data for a day's fieldwork can be completed within 5 min, with an efficiency improvement of 94%, and the processing of multi-beam depth measurement data can be completed within 60 min, with an efficiency improvement of 87%.The development of real-time quality control and processing of depth measurement data, real-time generation of depth measurement results, and real-time transmission between the depth measurement results and the dredging control system of the dredger has enabled the immediate acquisition of underwater topography during the dredging process, providing technical support for improving the efficiency and intelligence level of dredging construction.
2025(10):233-240.
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of achieving refined sinking of accropode blocks under the condition of great water depth and complex flow in the Wangjiatan channel regulation project, a study on the force and motion characteristics during the hoisting and sinking process of the accropode group is carried out.Using a three-dimensional numerical simulation method, combining with the actual on-site operating conditions, a simulation model for the hoisting and sinking of the accropode group is constructed.The variation laws of the influence of factors such as wind speed, flow velocity, sinking speed, and sinking depth on key parameters such as drift distance, sling tension, and yaw angle are systematically analyzed.The results show that the flow velocity has a significant impact on the drift distance.As the flow velocity increases, the drift distance first increases, then decreases, and final increases again, with a maximum drift distance of 3.5 m.Due to the asymmetry of its own structure, the accropode group has uneven sinking forces and rotates continuously around the Z-axis during the sinking process.The flow velocity and sinking speed have a significant impact on this process.An increase in the sinking speed leads to an increase in the slamming load during sinking, resulting in severe fluctuations in the sling tension and seriously affecting the stability of the hoisting system.The research results can improve the sinking accuracy of accropode blocks under great water depth condition, effectively ensure construction safety, and provide technical reference and theoretical support for similar channel regulation projects.
2025(10):241-248.
Abstract:Cracks on the surface layer concrete, the influence factors of appearance quality of the project and reducing the durability of the structure, are common quality problem in the construction of pile-supported wharf.It is necessary to study the causes of cracks in the surface layer of the wharf and take targeted control measures.We introduce the structural design, construction technology and cracks in the concrete surface layer of the test section of a pile-supported beam-slab wharf in East Africa, and use simulation calculations of concrete structure shrinkage stress and on-site investigation to analyze the crack causes that are drying shrinkage caused by water loss and plastic shrinkage caused by poor curing.Then we propose control measures from the aspects of optimizing raw material quality, optimizing concrete mix ratio, and improving construction technology, etc.In the subsequent typical construction, the amount of surface concrete is reduced by 98% and the maximum width of cracks is decreased by 60%.The control effects are well.
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