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Abstract:The wave flume can be simulated wave generation,propagation,and interaction with structures,providing intuitive and reliable data support.With the rapid development of computer technology and numerical methods,three-dimensional numerical wave flume gradually becomes a research hotspot in the field of port engineering.In this paper,the three-dimensional numerical wave flume is generated by using the numerical simulation software FLUENT,and the coupling model of three-dimensional finite element and finite volume element is built by combining ANSYS-FSI module,which can accurately simulate the whole process of wave acting on the mounted breakwater and other structures.To verify the accuracy of the numerical model,the stability of the top crown wall of the mounted breakwater under the action of waves is taken as an example,and the results of the numerical model are compared with those of the theoretical formula.The results show that the results of the numerical model and the theoretical formula are basically consistent,which proves that the three-dimensional numerical wave flume model is reliable.In practical engineering application,the numerical wave flume can be used for scheme comparison to improve work efficiency,and combined with physical model test to provide strong support for the design and construction of port engineering.

Abstract:To quantitatively demonstrate the shielding effect of the planned breakwater construction scheme on the Dong’ao Island passenger and freight terminal project in Wanshan Port Area of Zhuhai Port,the propagation deformation of nearshore waves is calculated based on the SWAN wave mathematical model and the statistical analysis results of historical typhoon wave data in the South China Sea.The Boussinesq equation mathematical model is used to analyze the wave parameters at the characteristic points in the port produced by different breakwater planning schemes under normal strong wave conditions and extreme strong wave conditions.The results show that:1) the Wanshan islands have a shielding effect on the SE direction sea waves.Therefore,the E-direction offshore waves are the control condition affecting the wave distribution in the whole port area.2) Under the action of waves with a return period of 2 years,breakwater scheme 1 can reduce H4% at each point on the north bank by about 40%,and by about 50% on the south bank,the number of working days at point N6 can be reduced from 29.9 days without breakwater to 2.6 days.Breakwater scheme 2 strengthens the cover on the north side of the bay mouth,resulting in a reduction of over 50% in wave height on the north bank and about 65% in wave height on the south bank.The working days at point N6 are further reduced to 0.7 days.3)Under the action of 50 year return period wave,the breakwater scheme 1 can reduce H13% at each point on the north bank by 30% and by 40% on the south bank.Breakwater scheme 2 can reduce H13% at each point on the north bank by 40% and by 60% on the south bank.Therefore,breakwater scheme 2 has a better covering effect on the port area than scheme 1.

Abstract:This paper summarizes the development characteristics and achievements of inland waters transport in Guangdong Province,and conductes a comprehensive analysis of the problems such as the lagging development of inland waters transport in Guangdong Province,unbalanced regional development,prominent constraints of resource elements,and inadequate port distribution system.It proposes the development strategy to continue promoting the construction of high-grade inland waterways in Guangdong,optimizing the overall planning of inland ports,strengthening the comprehensive utilization of water resources,improving the professional level of inland ports,and enhancing the level of intelligent and green development of inland water transportation,so as to promote the high-quality development of inland water transportation in Guangdong and provide strong support for the new pattern of regional development.

Abstract:Pinglu Canal will be completed by the end of 2026,and Qinzhou Port will become the main port for the river-sea coordinated transport of Pinglu Canal due to its location advantage.Qinzhou Port has not considered the function of river-sea coordinated transport in its construction,so it needs to be optimized and adjusted.This paper proposes that the development of Legou,Guozishan and Dalanping operation areas should be emphasized before 2027,and the construction of Dalanping South and Dahuan operation areas should be emphasized from 2027 to 2035.In the near future,the upgrading and adjustment of Legou,Guozishan and Dalanping operation areas can meet the needs of sea-river coordinated transport.In the long term,it is necessary to increase the 5,000-ton shoreline of Dalanping South and Dahuan operation areas,and focus on the development of the river-sea coordinated transport capabilities for arrived ships with more than 100,000-ton of containers,coal and ore.This study combines the current situation of Qinzhou Port and the future demand for river-sea coordinated transport,and puts forward suggestions for the layout planning of Qinzhou Port to increase the function of river-sea coordinated transport in the relevant operation areas of Qinzhou Port,which can be used as a reference for other ports with similar needs.

Abstract:In response to the issue of evaluating the stability of hydrodynamic response of perforated chamfered caisson breakwaters under design conditions,this paper establishes a scaled model of the perforated chamfered caisson breakwater in a flume based on physical model test.The structural stability,overtopping,and wave pressure distribution under wave conditions corresponding to different water levels are carried out in the model test,and the structural design is improved and optimized based on the test results.The research results indicate that the original structural scheme has a significant movement of the bottom protection block under wave conditions corresponding to extreme high water level and design high water level,and the amount of structural overtopping is too large.Under the wave conditions corresponding to the design low water level,the caisson structure experiences significant cumulative displacement.Therefore,the structural design needs to be optimized.Raising the top elevation of the breast wall can effectively reduce the overtopping of the breakwater.When the optimized top elevation is raised to 15 m,it can meet the requirements of design standards.The maximum position of the wave pressure distribution on the wave facing surface of the breakwater is positively correlated with the water level,and the maximum buoyancy pressure appears at the outer bottom of the caisson,which gradually decreasing towards the tail.The model test fully demonstrates the feasibility of the design scheme for the breakwater structure,providing reference basis for structural optimization.

Abstract:In view of the problem that the existing natural coastline will be damaged by the buried sea pipe,a new elevated drainage scheme is proposed.Physical model test is carried out to study and demonstrate the foam problem in the process of overhead drainage,the impact on the internal structure of the drainage head and the backwater problem inside the drainage head.In addition,the plane and vertical elevation layout of the overhead drainage scheme and the stress compensation mode of the drainage pipe are analyzed.The results show that it is feasible to adopt the elevated drainage scheme,which can avoid the excavation of the existing coast and seabed,protect the coastline to a greater extent,and reduce the impact on the sea area.It can be considered in some LNG receiving station projects with high requirements for coastline protection.

Abstract:This paper takes an oil and gas terminal’s bidding project in Mediterranean as an example.In view of the characteristics of large waves,multiple berths,complex conditions,limited water area space,high requirements for downtime,and multiple uncertainties,this paper studies the core issues such as the arrangement of breakwaters and multiple berths layout in narrow space,as well as the channel layout under the uncertainty of single-point mooring operations outside the channel entrance gate.This paper uses the methods such as numerical simulation of waves and currents,ship maneuvering and mooring tests to determine the scientific,economic and reasonable general layout scheme through the research and demonstration of multiple schemes.This paper proposes and summarizes the main ideas and design experiences for the general layout of overseas budget-constrained design projects,which can provide references for similar projects.

Abstract:Large-scale overseas heavy chemical investment project of Chinese enterprise usually needs to build individual supporting wharf to complete material transportation,so the site selection of the project largely depends on the wharf’s location.We analyze and summarize the characteristics of wharf site selection for these projects,such as large space span,few clear constraints and deep research depth,and screen several major factors affecting wharf site selection for these projects,such as wave conditions,water depth conditions,sediment conditions,geological and seismic conditions,land site conditions,port support conditions,transportation mileage,etc.Then we put forward the site selection target based on the lowest sum of construction cost and operating cost as the evaluation standard,and summarize the site selection ideas and processes from the macro study of the primary selection to the scheme-level micro study of the final selection.Taking an investment project of Chinese enterprise in Malaysia as an example,we deduce the whole process of site selection,which can be used as references for the similar project site selection.

Abstract:In the past decade,the cargo throughput of Guangzhou inland river port has continued to grow rapidly,but the scale and level of wharf facilities have not been improved correspondingly,especially the construction of public cargo wharfs is relatively lagging behind.By comparing the situation of Guangzhou inland river port facilities,port operation and planned port shoreline utilization over the past decade,this paper analyzes the main problems and reasons in the development of Guangzhou inland river port.Based on the new trend of high-quality development of inland river shipping and coordinated development of port-industry-city,this paper analyzes the new demands of urban construction and economic development of Guangzhou for inland river port.In view of the problems in the development of inland river port,it puts forward suggestions on the planning and development of Guangzhou inland river port,such as optimizing spatial layout,improving shoreline utilization rate,and innovating the construction and operation mode of public cargo wharfs.

Abstract:Aiming at the issue of operating environmental conditions for lightering anchorage, this article conducts research and analysis on operating environmental conditions for lightering anchorage at home and abroad,compares domestic and foreign standards,and uses Real time mathematical model experiments to analyze the anchoring situation of lightering anchorage ships under the action of wind,waves,and currents.The experiment takes the research results and the operating environmental conditions of the lightering anchorage specified in domestic and foreign regulations as input parameters,and obtains the environmental conditions standards for the operation of the lightering anchorage.The relevant research methods and conclusions aim to provide reference for the lightering anchorage project.

Abstract:In the past 10 years,offshore wind power is in the ascendant.Guangdong Province has gradually developed offshore wind power from offshore to far-reaching seas,tens of millions of kilowatts of offshore wind power bases in eastern and western Guangdong are planned to build.Yangjiang,Shanwei,Jieyang and Shantou have successively started the construction of offshore wind power related materials terminals,heavy equipment-duty terminals and service operation terminals,base ports for offshore wind farm are beginning to take shape.In this paper,the construction and operation of base port for offshore wind farm in Guangdong Province are investigated.The development status of base port for offshore wind farm at home and abroad are compared and analyzed,and the demand of port resources for the development of stationary wind turbine and floating wind turbines are summarized,in addition,combines the planning capacity of offshore wind power with planning & layout of coastal ports in Guangdong Province.Based on the intensive & efficient use of coastline & land resources,and the promotion of the development of offshore wind power industry cluster agglomeration,some suggestions on the planning & layout of base port for offshore wind farm are put forward,which can be used as a reference for the site selection and port planning adjustment of base port for offshore wind farm.

Abstract:The site selection of liquefied natural gas(LNG) terminal in coastal port is influenced by comprehensive factors.Due to the excessive selection of factors and their interrelationships,there is inevitably subjective bias in the evaluation process.In response to the complexity and uniqueness of LNG terminal site selection in coastal port,we conduct an analysis on the factors of LNG terminal site selection.By the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process（FAHP）,we combine with the 5 major influencing factors,totaling 11 evaluation indicators proposed to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for LNG terminal site selection in coastal port.The results show that using FAHP and assigning and scoring indicator factors by multiple experts can objectively and intuitively evaluate the site selection of LNG terminals,which can provide more scientific and reasonable references for the site selection of LNG terminals in coastal area.

Abstract:The process design of the cruise terminal should not only meet the requirements of safe berthing,but also ensure that the visitors and luggage can conveniently board and disembark.The rationality of the process design plays a very important role in the safe and efficient operation of the cruise terminal.To the characteristics of cruise ship terminal process design,this paper compares and analyzes the existing cruise ship terminals in China,and studies the process layout and equipment selection of cruise ship terminals,and demonstrates the main technical parameters.The conclusion shows that the selection of cruise terminal process scheme should be comprehensively considered based on factors such as process equipment characteristics,special requirements for connecting cruise ships,terminal layout,terminal usage requirements and landscape requirements.This article also combines the development needs of smart cruise ports,and puts forward the technical development outlook for cruise terminal process equipment,aiming to provide reference for the design and construction of the cruise terminals.

Abstract:The Sanya Nanshan Port Public Scientific Research Terminal is the first public scientific research terminal in China,and also the public scientific research mother port terminal.It is necessary to meet the needs of scientific research vessels and support vessels,as well as the functions of berthing,transshipment,material supply,scientific research testing,and maintenance,while also taking into account cargo loading and unloading,and reserving functions such as roll on and roll off for national defense readiness needs.The overall layout of the terminal is a key and difficult point in engineering design.This article focuses on the characteristics of public scientific research terminals and discusses the overall layout ideas and plan of the Sanya Nanshan Port Public Scientific Research Terminal project.The key points for the utilization and layout of the scientific research terminal shoreline,water area layout,land area layout,and slipway layout are obtained,fully reflecting the design concepts of advanced,efficient,energy-saving,environmental protection,economic and sustainable development,aiming to provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:This project will be a professional bulk cargo terminal with a capacity of 300,000-ton in the future,adopting an open layout.However,the turning water area of this project is adjacent to the main channel(the main tidal channel),and the difficulty of ship maneuvering is high.The berthing and departure of 300,000-ton bulk carriers have a significant impact on the one-way channel.In order to ensure the safety and efficiency berthing and disembarking of large bulk carriers,through ship maneuvering simulation,the angle of connecting the water area to the turning circle is reasonably optimized,reducing the amount of reef blasting work.Scientific opinions are proposed on the overall layout plan,and guidance is provided throughout the process from tugboat configuration,berthing and departure restrictions,port entry and exit operation plans,port entry and exit navigation guarantee measures,and precautions.The results show that the ellipse with a design major axis of 847.5 m and a design minor axis of 678.0 m can meet the requirements of safe berthing and unberthing under the maximum flow velocity of level 6 strong winds and rising and falling tides.

Abstract:The Moss-type LNG ship accounts for 22% in global LNG carriers.Among them,the manifold of LNG ship with five spherical tanks has a very different position from the OCIMF criteria,resulting in the off-centered berth,and the mooring effect is poor in the case of symmetrical dock arrangement.Through the comparison of examples,the mooring conditions of the representative ship type under the condition of symmetrical and asymmetrical general layout are studied.It is concluded that the asymmetric general layout can better adapt to the mooring of Moss-type LNG ship.Under the premise of taking into account the mooring of non-Moss-type LNG ship,the asymmetric arrangement of wharf improves the mooring effect of Moss-type LNG ship and the berthing compatibility of the whole terminal.

Abstract:In view of the fact that the eastern channel of Qinzhou Port does not meet the requirements of full tidal access for container ships of 100,000 DWT and above,which restricts the development of ocean-going container transportation in Qinzhou Port,and through comparative analysis and demonstration of many schemes,it is proposed that,on the basis of the original approved two-way channel with tidal limitation for 100,000 DWT container ships,the eastern part of the channel is partially dredged and deepened to meet the standard of full tidal access of 100,000 DWT container ships,and entry of 150,000-200,000 DWT container ships within suitable tidal window,forming a special new type cross section of navigation channel with two different navigation depths,which is called ‘compound cross section’.Combining with the application of virtual navigation marks and port scheduling,the requirements of the ultra-large container ships on the depth of the navigation channel and the requirements of two-way navigation channel for major ship types on the channel width can be met simultaneously in a more economical way.This paper introduces the key points of the design of navigation channel with compound cross section and its supporting aids to navigation for expansion project of the eastern channel in Qinzhou Port,puts forward suggestions on the navigation rules and management measures after the completion of the channel,and summarizes the characteristics and applicable situations of various compound cross sections of navigation channel,which can be used as reference for other similar projects.

Abstract:Aiming at the problems that overseas petrochemical jetty platform always covers a relative larger areas and facilities are highly congested comparing with domestic jetty platform,this paper proposes a new layout scheme of operation facilities,that is,the jetty is designed with two layers,top layer is designed for routine operation,while bottom layer is dedicated for mooring.Based on this,the operation facilities can be arranged by three layers,the facilities needing to be operated routinely are arranged on top of layer,and the ancillary piping and electrical cable tray are suspended from the bottom of top layer,while the drain pot and drainage water tank are laid onto the bottom layer.Taking a petrochemical project in Southeast Asia as an example,this paper introduces the application of the proposed scheme and creates digital project model using BIM technology.In addition,it conducts the compatibility analysis and interaction interference analysis between loading arms and gangway to improve the reliability and safety of dock operation.The proposed plan can significantly optimize layout of loading platform,and the occupancy of platform is decreased by 40%,providing space for operation,maintenance and expansion.Meanwhile,BIM technology used for ship-to-shore compatibility analysis can avoid potential operation risks.

Abstract:Fangchenggang possesses the ecological bay resources of “Three Islands and Three Bays” and has a promising outlook for yacht leisure and yacht marinas.At present,the research on the shoreline planning of yacht marinas mainly relies on practical experience and qualitative analysis,lacking the support of an evaluation system and quantitative analysis.Therefore,an evaluation index system for the suitability of yacht marina shorelines is constructed.Based on this,spatial analysis methods such as buffer analysis,interpolation analysis,kernel density analysis,network analysis,and remote sensing interpretation are applied to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the suitability of yacht marina shorelines in Fangchenggang City.Based on this,layout planning recommendations for yacht marinas in Fangchenggang City are proposed,and it can provide research ideas and references for the planning of yacht marinas in other cities.

Abstract:In upgradation and reconstruction of the block wharf,new challenges are proposed in calculating the pressure of the newly added backfill soil in front of the original block.Taking the upgradation and reconstruction project of a block wharf in Nigeria as an example,we explore the calculation mode of using the backfill sand soil pressure in front of the original block wharf as silo pressure,and compare and analyze the calculation mode of silo pressure in Chinese standard,European standard,and OCDI specification,and the calculation mode of soil pressure in Chinese standard.The results show that the results of silo pressure calculation model are greater than those of the soil pressure calculation model.Silo pressure modes in the Chinese and European standards are similar,and the results are basically consistent.The calculation model of OCDI specification is simple,and the calculation results are larger.Based on Plaxis 2D finite element calculation software,the results are between OCDI specification,the Chinese and European standards,but there is less difference with the Chinese and European standards.It is believed that the calculation modes in Chinese and European standards are more reasonable.

Abstract:There are the unfavorable conditions in an old wharf renovation project in Tanga Port,Tanzania,such as deep and soft peaty foundation,limited renovation space,and the serious damage of the old wharf.The high piled wharf structure combined with rear sheet-pile for shore connection is adopted,which is suitable to the deep and soft peaty soil foundation.The high pressure jet grouting pile technology is used to reinforce the wharf slope,which ensures the safety of wharf structure.The internal and external stability of cement-soil piles are checked by Plaxis 3D three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis method.In view of the problem that it is difficult to control the forming quality of high-pressure jet grouting piles in high organic content soil,measures such as reducing slurry pressure,using repeated spraying technology,reducing water-cement ratio,and adding gypsum are proposed to improve the quality of jet grouting piles.

Abstract:To analyze the wave transmission characteristics of combined closed-pile breakwater,we carry out physical model test to take the multi-factor analysis on wave transmission characteristics of the new structure based on the relevant existing research.On the basis of model test results,we obtain the fitting formula of wave transmission coefficient on the breakwater with the combined closed-pile foundation.The results show that measures of adding inter-pile rib plate and post-pile panel have remarkable effect on reducing the wave transmission coefficient,especially that the inter-pile rib plate can obviously reduce the wave transmission coefficient of the breakwater with closed-pile foundation with small relative pile spacing.

Abstract:The geological conditions of a high pile wharf project in Hainan are special,with hard rock layers covering the surface and clay layers below.The wharf foundation is adopt cast-in-place piles,with the hard clay layer as the bearing layer.After the construction of the project,static loading tests using self-balanced method and high strain method are carried out to detect the bearing capacity of the pile foundation,and the detection results are compared with the theoretical calculation results by the code.The results show that by using the load-displacement relationship curve of self-balanced test,it can be determined that the pile end is still in the elastic stage.Based on the distribution of the pile axial force along axial direction during the loading process,the values of the lateral friction resistance and end bearing capacity of each pile can be determined separately,and the pile resistance is not fully exerted and the actual ultimate bearing capacity of the pile foundation should be greater than the test value.According to the results of the high strain detection method,lateral friction are greater than the theoretical calculation results,and the pile end bearing capacity is smaller,while the total pile foundation bearing capacity is relatively close to the two,so it can be used as an auxiliary verification for static load pile testing.The use of self-balanced static loading test in port and wharf engineering,using high strain testing method for verification,can solve the problem of detecting the bearing capacity of high-mass pile foundations underwater conditions.

Abstract:For the design of breasting dolphins for an offshore oil terminal with a double-side berthing layout,calculation models are established by using finite element analysis software for the structural analysis of three different design schemes of breasting dolphins.The axial forces and bending moments on top of piles,and the displacement of dolphins are obtained and compared.The results show that the ship berthing loads are critical for the design of breasting dolphin,as the berthing loads of the two berths are normally not occurred at the same time and act in opposite directions,a combined breasting dolphin for the two berths can partially share or even offset the ship berthing loads from one side berth,which therefore can significantly improve the structural stress,reduce the pile internal forces and dolphin displacement,and ultimately save costs.

Abstract:Based on the layout of the water intake for the Shenzhen LNG emergency peak shaving station,combined with its functional characteristics and construction process,the water intake structure is constructed synchronously with the revetment.In view of challenges of the large size,excessive mass,and difficulty in installation due to floating transportation of the water intake structure,a targeted structural design approach is carried out.The “prefabricated floating dock + on-site secondary pouring” scheme is adopted,and numerical analysis of internal forces under different conditions is carried out.The results show that this scheme meets the design requirements.It effectively overcomes challenges encountered during the construction process and successfully passes the final inspection,achieving the goals of cost savings and shortened construction period.

Abstract:In the upgrading and reconstruction project of a celled steel sheet pile wharf,the depth of the sheet pile in front celled wall is changed after dredging the front basin,which affects the stability of the wharf structure.In order to explore the stability and failure mode of celled steel sheet piles after renovation,we use the finite element software MIDAS GTS to build a three-dimensional finite element numerical model suitable for the structural stability analysis of celled steel sheet piles.By comparing and analyzing the deformation,stress and overall stability of celled steel sheet piles before and after renovation under the most unfavorable working conditions,we propose a celled steel sheet pile wharf renovation scheme combined with composite foundation treatment and anti-slide pile reinforcement.The results show that the overall deformation,soil pressure distribution,structural internal force distribution,and subgrade reaction distribution of celled steel sheet piles before and after wharf reinforcement are basically the same

Abstract:0ne effective way to solve the problem of short transmission distance caused by insufficient head of the unloading pump is to set up a pressurization system in wharf.In view of the design problem of the pressurization system on the wharf with long approach bridge,this paper conducts research on process transmission scheme,selection of booster pumps and control technology.The research methods such as the coupling pipeline characteristic curves and pump set flow-head curve are adopted.The conclusion is that when a booster pump is installed on the wharf platform,there is a lack of effective buffering between the ship pump and the booster pump,the upstream and downstream pump flow rates are difficult to match,which can easily cause the booster pump to be emptied.It should not be used as the first choice when conditions permit.The flow rate and head of the booster pump should be determined according to the maximum unloading flow and the maximum viscosity,and the design margin should not be taken,otherwise it will seriously deviate from the rated working point of the pump and affect the normal operation of the pump.Drawing the pipeline characteristic curves and the coupling diagram of pump combined operation flow-head curve for different unloading flow and viscosity medium,it can effectively solve the problem that the optimal operation of pump combination and control scheme are difficult to determine.

Abstract:A comparative study is conducted on the calculation methods of different domestic and foreign standards for the structure of caisson gravity wharfs using different specifications.The limit state design method based on probability theory is adopted to calculate the structure of a newly built caisson gravity wharf.The focus is on comparing the differences in load sub coefficients and working condition combinations between Chinese and foreign standards.The differences in anti tilting and anti sliding stability of the caisson gravity wharf structure under different working condition combinations are analyzed.When conducting anti slip stability verification,the design of the American and European standard combination M2 is relatively safe,with the Chinese standard being between the European standard combination M2 and M1,and the safety factor in the Japanese standard being relatively small.In the calculation of anti tilt stability,the European standard is relatively safer compared to the Chinese standard,and the comprehensive safety factor of the American and Japanese standards is higher than that of the European and Chinese standards.This comparative study can provide relevant reference and guidance for the design of caisson gravity wharfs both domestically and internationally.

Abstract:With the diversification of the layout forms for automated container terminals,traditional lighting layout forms has been unable to meet the lighting requirements of automated terminals.This article analyzes the lighting requirements of automated docks based on different process routes and functional divisions,and proposes illumination requirements for different areas of different process routes.The DIAlux lighting software is introduced to establish a model,calculate and analyze the low pole street lamp lighting scheme of Qinzhou U-shaped automatic terminal and the high pole lighting scheme of Nansha Phase IV automatic terminal,and verify the rationality of different lighting schemes for different process routes.According to the different lighting requirements under different loading and unloading conditions,an optimized lighting grouping control logic and lighting control system design are proposed.

Abstract:To the safety evaluation of the caisson type berthing breakwater structure under earthquake action,this paper establishes a two-dimensional computational model of the caisson type berthing breakwater based on the finite element method and the generalized elastoplastic constitutive algorithm,which considering sand liquefaction mode.Numerical simulation research on the time history dynamic response of the structure under earthquake wave action is carried out,and the safety of the structure is evaluated based on the calculation results.The research results indicate that under the frequent encountered earthquake action with a peak acceleration value of 0.1g,the maximum horizontal and vertical acceleration amplification factor of the caisson type berthing breakwater structure is about 1.6,which conforms to the general law of seismic wave propagation in layered soil.Under frequent encountered seismic action,the overall anti-sliding safety factor of the breakwater and the most unfavorable anti-tilting and anti-sliding stability factors of the main components caisson are both greater than the design standards.Under rare encountered earthquakes with a peak acceleration value of 0.2g,the generalized elastoplastic constitutive model can accurately simulate the process of pore water pressure increase and liquefaction resistance safety factor decrease in the fine sand layer of the foundation during earthquakes.On this basis,the calculation model can accurately evaluate the cumulative deformation of the caisson type berthing breakwater under earthquake action,thereby fully demonstrating the reliability of the breakwater structure under rare encountered earthquakes.

Abstract:Based on domestic and foreign research data,this paper summarizes and organizes the overview,structural design methods,and difficult solutions of gravity based structure (GBS) for offshore LNG (liquefied natural gas) receiving station.It also proposes the application prospects and unresolved problems of offshore GBS LNG receiving station in China.The structural design of the Adriatic Sea LNG receiving station is a typical structure of GBS,based on the semi-probabilistic limit state design approach.The finite element method is used to analyze and obtain the stress state of the structure at each stage from construction to application.The main difficulties in structural design include the temperature gradient control of concrete required for LNG tanks,the humidity gradient control of insulation materials,and the overall seismic reliability of the structure.The temperature and gradient changes are solved by embedding heating cables and installing flexible steel pads to isolate water moisture.The seismic resistance test of the structure is demonstrated through finite element analysis of the foundation structure interaction under seismic action.Due to limited information,further research is needed on the detailed design and construction of GBS,which has potential applications in future energy imports,and offshore natural gas extraction in China.

Abstract:Selecting a project in Hong Kong,China as the engineering background,based on the characteristics of the construction site,a new cantilever steel structure berthing facility is designed to better adapt to the temporary construction needs of this project,and realize material recycling and cost saving.The difference and advantage between the new steel structure berths and the traditional wharf berths are compared and analyzed.Based on the local hydrological conditions,the internal force calculation and stability analysis are carried out using the finite element model.The results show that the shear resistance,bending resistance,tensile strength,compression resistance,buckling stability,and deformation of this new type of steel structural berth can all meet safety requirements,and it has the advantages of short installation period,low investment,and environmentally friendly recycling of the new berth.The research results can provide reference for the design and implementation of similar engineering projects.

Abstract:Based on a breakwater project,aiming at the problems of breakwater structure design selection under complex conditions such as large waves in the engineering area,poor geological conditions and tight construction period,this paper compares and discusses the foundation treatment and structures from the aspects of structural stress characteristics,durability,construction difficulty,construction period and project cost using theoretical analysis and numerical calculation.Finally,the vertical caisson embankment structure scheme (with ground treatment using cement mixed piles)which can provide effective protection to the harbor area within a relatively short period is recommended .The research results can provide reference for the structure selection of similar projects.

Abstract:A riprap structure slope breakwater in eastern Guangdong has been frequently attacked by strong typhoons since its completion,and the armour layer has been damaged many times.To ensure the stability of the main structure of the breakwater,it is necessary to strengthen the weak position of the breakwater to improve its overall protection ability.This paper expounds that the engineer has strengthened the section of the breakwater structure on the basis of analyzing the damage causes of the breakwater,according to the new specification requirements and new design wave elements,and has carried out optimization comparison and verification through physical model tests.Finally,the reinforcement scheme of adding one layer of larger Chinese accropode to the existing fixed-point random placement of the Chinese accropode is determined.The engineering practice has proved that after using double-layer Chinese accropode for reinforcement of the breakwater,the overall stability of the structure is good,its ability to resist wind and waves can be significantly improved.The scheme is simple and has strong operability.It is suitable for repair and reinforcement of mound-type breakwater and can be used as reference for similar projects.

Abstract:In response to the challenging environmental conditions of large waves and strong currents faced by dock structures under deep-sea conditions,combining the advantages of conventional mature pile foundation and gravity-type dock structures,the use of a new composite structure combining a gravity-type caisson and pile foundation can effectively save construction time and reduce project costs.The cross section design and parameters of the composite structure are determined and optimized by comparing with the traditional structure of the trial project.With reference to the calculation model of gravity-type structures,considering random variables such as material properties,geometric parameters,and design loads of the composite structure,the reliability index of new composite structure against sliding and tilting is calculated using the JC method,and the results show that the composite structure is reasonable.

Abstract:ARMG is often used to automated operation for containers in automated container terminal yards.The rational design of ARMG track foundation is the key to ensure the safe and efficient operation of ARMG.Based on the comparative analysis of the characteristics of three common ARMG track foundation design schemes of natural foundation,composite foundation and pile foundation,and the cost analysis of the whole life cycle of the three schemes,this paper proposes the recommended scheme of ARMG track foundation of automated container terminal and the differential settlement control measures of ARMG track crossing sections.The research results can provide reference for the design of ARMG track foundation for automated container terminals.

Abstract:To summarize and promote the design experiences of supporting terminals for ethylene projects,taking the design of supporting terminals for 1 million t/a ethylene project in Hainan Refining&Chemical as an example,the key technical problems that need to be solved in this engineering design include: the problem of multiple types of loading and unloading cargo,multiple types of ship types and large spans,transportation guarantee for major items during construction,hydraulic structure design under complex geological conditions,and foundation design for process pipe racks on deep riprap embankment.By analyzing the ship type and geological conditions,optimizing the loading and unloading process and overall layout,and innovating structural design,the key problems are effectively solved.

Abstract:To further analyze and demonstrate the drainage capacity of a harbor,taking a large container port in Guangzhou as an example,we build a drainage model based on InfoWorks ICM software of the harbor.To demonstrate the flood control capacity of the common container yard and the new-type concave storage yard,we analyze indicators by simulating the rainfall process with different recurrence interval,such as the number of overflow nodes between different storage yard types,the time when the deepest seeper appeared and the maximum seeper depth.The results show that the flood control capacity of the harbor is obviously improved after the adoption of the new-type concave storage yard,and the concave storage yard shows obvious storage function.

Abstract:With the continuous growth of global trade and the rapid development of new generation information technology,smart port has become an important leading area for accelerating the construction of strong transportation country,and it plays as a critical role for improving port operation efficiency and responding to international trade challenges.To promote digital transformation of the port industry and improve port operation capabilities,service quality,and logistics efficiency,this paper comprehensively uses research methods such as literature research,comparative analysis,and case analysis to illustrate the current construction situation of smart ports in China from three aspects named terminal type,technology application and scenario application.It summarizes that the construction of smart ports is facing problems such as uneven development,insufficient use of new generation information technology,and inadequate data utilization.And it puts forward that in the future,China’s smart ports will undergo transformation towards intelligence,integration,independent,controllable,low-carbon emission,and data sharing.The research results can provide references for the planning and management of smart ports.

Abstract:In view of many new problems in the enclosure of large coal yards,such as harsh internal environment,abundant toxic gases,and high safety risks,we design and construct an intelligent management and control system for enclosed coal yard based on the design code and practical engineering conditions.This system fully utilizes laser scanning technology,infrared temperature measurement technology,and modern automatic detection technology,and is mainly composed of laser coal stocktaking system,unattended system,safety monitoring system,equipment monitoring control system,and image-type fire detection and alarm system.By applying this system,temperature,humidity,dust concentration,toxic gas concentration,and visible flames in the enclosed coal yard are continuously monitored in real-time,and these dust suppression equipment and fire fighting equipment are automatically controlled.The system enhances the level of unmanned management and the efficiency of safe operations for large enclosed coal yard.

Abstract:To realize the creation and demonstration of Jiangsu Province Water Transportation Safety Centennial Quality Project,the digital design requirements in the evaluation rules are studied.Relying on a large crude oil terminal design project,the collaborative design of information models of high pile beam slab wharf hydraulic structure,loading and unloading process pipeline equipment,water supply and drainage and fire protection are carried out,and based on the modeling,the three-dimensional geology,pipeline synthesis and collision inspection,visualization scheme comparison and selection,ship berthing simulation analysis,and smart site management platform application are studied,forming a digital design solution.The results show that the scheme meets the digital design requirements in the evaluation rules of Jiangsu Province Water Transportation Safety Centennial Quality Project,and the relevant outcomes can provide reference for the digital design in the creation of similar water transportation projects.

Abstract:China’s smart port industry is in a period of rapid development,and the standard system urgently needs to be further improved to guide industry development.This paper analyzes the current problems of the smart port standard system at different levels such as national,industrial,local,and group through field research and case analysis.Combined with the current development status quo and trend of China’s smart port industry,suggestions for improving the smart port standard system are proposed from aspects such as construction guidelines,supervision and evaluation,production operations,operation management,and comprehensive services.The research results have certain guidance and reference significance for improving the standards of smart ports,strengthening the guidance of standards and regulating the construction and development of smart ports in China.

Abstract:Based on the hot topics of intelligent port applications and the current development status of the industry,this paper takes a liquid bulk cargo terminal as an example to analyze and explain the application of intelligent systems in port handling technology from multiple perspectives,including intelligent handling arms,online corrosion monitoring,online automatic sampling,and unmanned pipeline inspection systems.The application scheme of intelligent system module content which can be implemented in the current handling technology of liquid bulk cargo terminal is proposed.This scheme can reduce the workload of on-site workers,improve the efficiency of terminal operation and management through data empowerment,enhance the informatization and precision of port management,and provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:For the channel expansion project of the mature seaport area,the surrounding channel network and the navigation conditions of the seaport area are complex.The demonstration of the scale of the channel expansion project should focus on the adaptability of the channel and seaport development.It is difficult to solve the adaptability problem of the construction scale of channel expansion project by traditional static estimation or queuing theory calculation methods.Considering the randomness,dynamics and complexity of the port and shipping system,this paper establishes a simulation model of the port and shipping system based on the Flexsim platform and the characteristics of the navigation environment.The model can simulate the whole process of ship entry and exit operations.In addition,this paper takes the public channel of a major port along the coast of South China as the research object,and selects the indicators to comprehensively compare the scale of waterway expansion,such as the service level of the channel,the proportion of the number of ship delayed,and the delay time of ships.Then,on the premise that the navigable level of the channel in the future is not lower than that of the current channel,the recommended expansion scale is proposed.The research results can provide reference for the design of the scale of public channel expansion project in coastal ports.

Abstract:For these port backfilling land platforms formed by sands built on soft soil foundation,its ground condition is special,which consists dense sand layer on top and with soft soil layers underneath.An analysis model is established by using the time-domain nonlinear analysis method of one-dimensional seismic ground response analysis software DEEPSOIL,and 10 sets of seismic acceleration records are selected as input ground motion to analyze the seismic response of this special ground.The results show that the soft soil layer will produce large shear strain under the action of strong earthquake，which fully utilizes hysteresis damping and dissipates seismic energy.The seismic ground motion decreases rapidly during the upward transmission in the soft soil layer,which means that the soft soil layer has obvious absorptio and isolation effects to seismic.

Abstract:The p-y curve method adequately considers soil plastic deformation and resistance limit values.However,this method is based on a pile-soil spring calculation approach derived from single-pile horizontal static load tests and cannot be directly applied to the interaction between sheet pile and soil.We propose a p-y curve reduction method suitable for the interaction between sheet pile and soil by introducing the p-y curve reduction coefficient,and compare the results to Plaxis finite element model results and on-site displacement observations to varify the accuracy of this method .The results show that this method can fully consider the nonlinearity of soil spring and the limit value of soil foundation counter-force,which makes up for the shortcomings of m method and p-y curve method.

Abstract:Post-grouting technology is widely used in the domestic civil engineering field,but there are few precedents in port,especially overseas port projects.There is also a lack of experience and reference for the adaptation conditions and technical parameters of post-grouting.Combining with a wharf project in West Africa,we introduce the construction process and technical parameters of post-grouting technology for cast-in-place piles under complex geological conditions in lagoon waters,and discuss adaptive conditions and consolidation effect of post-grouting.Combining with static load tests,we study the bearing capacity of the pile side and pile end before and after grouting,and compare test values with theoretical calculation values.The results show that the use of post-grouting technology can effectively improve the bearing capacity of pile foundation,but it has certain adaptability conditions,which can provide references for pile foundation design in similar port projects.

Abstract:The implementation of a reclamation project may affect the safety of the adjacent bridge,so it is proposed to adopt the vertical seawall structure with inclined steel pipe and sheet pile.The force characteristics and displacement of the vertical seawall structure,as well as its influence on the displacement of the pile foundation of the adjacent bridge,are simulated by Plaxis 3D geotechnical finite element analysis software.The results show that the vertical seawall structure has better force characteristics and less displacement,and has little influence on the displacement of adjacent bridge pile foundation.

Abstract:Based on a wharf project in Shaoguan within Karst regions,we study the problem of pile foundation design and Karst caves treatment in wharf project to achieve the aim of improving the reliability and safety of pile foundation design under complex geological conditions.By combining drilling and various geophysical detection methods(including tube wave detection and elastic wave CT methods),we carry out a comprehensive survey of geological characteristics of Karst area,and propose a treatment approach involving “layered stone filling followed by grouting” for areas with weaker physical and mechanical properties of Karst caves.The results show that the distribution of Karst caves is irregular with varying greatly in size and depth.Static load test results are validated the effectiveness of this treatment approach.

Abstract:The foundation of the dock yard is usually relatively weak.When there are important buildings (structures) near the yard,in order to ensure the structural safety of the buildings,it is necessary to evaluate the effect of large-area loading on the mechanical properties of the adjacent foundation piles,mainly including the displacement of the foundation piles and the internal force of the pile body.However,the current regulations do not specify this.This article uses the classic Boussinesq stress displacement solution as the basis to derive a method for calculating the soil displacement and stress under arbitrary load,and develops corresponding calculation programs.The displacement and stress of soil are used to indirectly calculate the deformation and internal force of pile body.Taking a coal shed project as an example,the above method is used to calculate the displacement of the pile top and the internal force of the pile body under the coal pile loads.The results show that the maximum lateral displacement of the foundation pile met the requirements of the specifications,and the axial force and bending moment of the pile body are relatively large.The strength calculation of the pile body should consider the internal force of the pile body generated by the above loads.The use of this calculation method can conveniently calculate the displacement and internal force of foundation piles under any load,and the calculation is more accurate,which can provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:Inland waterway transportation and hydropower development projects play an important role in promoting social progress.However,the widespread development of underwater karst caves has seriously affected the site selection and construction of such projects.This paper proposes an underwater resistivity tomography imaging detection scheme,which is applied to Xiajijiao Navigation and Hydroelectric Hub Project in Dongjiang,Guangdong Province.A total of six 700-meter-long cross-river survey lines are laid out,with each underwater cable arrangement containing 40 electrodes spaced 5 meters apart,and adjacent arrangements repeat observations every 100 meters.The inverted three-dimensional electrical structure delineates key geological units such as high-resistance gravel layers,low-resistance sandstone and high-resistance limestone,and multiple concealed karst cave target areas are identified in combination with existing borehole data.Underwater resistivity tomography imaging poses great construction difficulties and involves complex forward and inverse calculations,the research results can provide references for subsequent resistivity tomography imaging and underwater geological anomaly detection.

Abstract:Due to the lack of natural stone in Bangladesh,some structures generally use brick slag mixture instead of stone.To reduce the amount of crushed stone in the pavement structure of the port area,this paper designs the pavement structure of the port area based on the Bangladesh standard,and optimizes the standard gradation by the Taylor n method with the crushing rate as the control index.The material properties are analyzed according to California bearing ratio（CBR）,unconfined compressive strength and dry shrinkage test.The results show that during the compaction process,the brick slag mixture is prone to secondary crushing,which affects the gradation composition.It is necessary to optimize the gradation of the brick slag mixture.The compressive strength and CBR value of brick slag mixture are positively correlated with the cement content.It is recommended that the cement content in the heavy duty pavement structure of the port area should not be less than 6%.The drying shrinkage of the brick slag mixture is large,and the mixing water can be reduced by secondary stirring to reduce the shrinkage strain of the material.Based on Bangladesh standard,the application of brick slag mixture significantly reduces the cost and has good engineering applicability.

Abstract:In response to the potential large settlement and instability issues of deep soft soil foundation under the vertical breakwater,based on a certain vertical breakwater project with deep soft soil ground,combined with natural conditions,structural safety requirements,cost and construction period limitations,we discuss the selection of foundation treatment methods,the layout,pile diameter,replacement rate,depth of the cement mixing pile,and construction technology key points.By the method of combining theoretical analysis with engineering experience,it is concluded that under the premise of reasonable control of key parameters and taking appropriate measures to improve construction quality,the improvement method of supporting grid-shaped small-diameter cement mixing piles combined with flexible cushion layers is feasible and relatively economically reasonable for the deep soft soil foundation under the vertical breakwater.

Abstract:A large amount of dredging material mainly composed of white clay is dredged during the construction of berths 7#-10# in Tieshan Port area.Using white clay as backfill material can save on disposal costs and backfilling costs.However,white clay has the characteristics of expansive soil,and improper use can have adverse effects on the engineering quality.Base on the results of laboratory test and typical construction,this paper proposes suggestions for the backfill elevation and improvement methods for white clay,the filling performance of improved soil,and applicability of dynamic compaction.It has a guiding implications for the fair dealing of white clay as backfill material and foundation reinforcement treatment in Tieshan Port area.

Abstract:As a key deep-water port for the development of Guangzhou,Nansha Port Area in Guangzhou has revealed the widespread distribution of deep soft clay in the area,with local soft soil depths exceeding 30 meters.The characteristics of soft clay in the area are mainly affected by two large-scale transgressions,regression and the Pearl River water system.The upper soft clay is mainly composed of silt,with a thickness of 10 to 20 meters,mixed with thin layers of fine sand or strip-shaped sandy layers.The lower soft soil is mainly composed of silty soil,containing organic matter and decomposed wood fragments,with a thickness of 4 to 8 meters.Soft clay parameters are important indicators that affect the construction of engineering in Nansha Port area.Using in situ test might be affected is less and can accurately present the mechanical properties of soft clay.By comparing and analyzing various commonly used in-situ test methods,suitable in-situ test methods for deep clay in Nansha Port area are proposed.In engineering practice,different in-situ test methods are used to obtain engineering parameters,especially for the vane shear test,aiming to provide reference for similar soft clay investigation,design,and construction in the region.

Abstract:To the issue that relevant theory of setting wide construction joints for the bottom plate of the lock head in China’s ship lock regulations is not specified,this paper investigates a case of the ship lock project in Zhejiang province.ANSYS finite element software is used to numerically analyze two structural models with and without construction wide joints.The aim is to explore the influence of the position and jointing time of wide construction joints on the stress of the bottom plate.The research results indicate that the negative bending moment of the bottom plate decreases as the position of the wide joint changes from both sides towards the middle of the bottom plate,and decreases with the delay of joint time.In the design,it is necessary to consider factors such as construction convenience,and try to make the wide joint close to the middle axis of the bottom plate as much as possible.The joint should be selected when the side pier completes 60% to 80% of the total settlement to reduce the bending moment and achieve maximum comprehensive benefits.This research provides valuable reference for the theoretical study of wide construction joints in bottom plate,and helps to standardize design and construction practice.

Abstract:The reinforcement and renovation of the existing wharfs can effectively improve the quality and safety level of the wharfs,and promote the intensive utilization of infrastructure.Taking a 35,000-ton bulk cargo terminal project that has been in service for many years in Hainan as an example,this paper studies the reinforcement practice of the main caisson structure damage,and puts forward the solution for underwater repair.The results show that: 1) the damage condition of caisson can be accurately judged by detailed underwater photography and exploration.2) For the phenomenon of caisson wall breakage and serious bare rust or fracture of steel bars,high pressure water flushing or gouging can be treated first,and then the formwork and high-strength grouting material are supported,and the underwater coating material is used to repair the caisson wall.3) For the phenomenon that the packing part in the caisson drops,the underwater non-dispersed concrete can be poured in the caisson compartment as a whole.The field test shows that the construction repair technology meets the design requirements,and the corresponding quality control points and underwater operation safety management requirements are summarized,aiming to provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the PHC pipe pile on the inclined riprap embankment is difficult to penetrate the thick riprap layer during the pile sinking process,this paper takes a comprehensive pipe frame project as an example to conduct a practical research on the construction technology practice.On the basis of comparing the conventional hole-leading technology,the solution of the DTH hammer first leading hole and then applying the prestressed concrete pipe pile is proposed.Furthermore,the equipment and technical parameters,construction process,problems existing in the hole-leading process and corresponding solutions are briefly introduced.The application results show that the prestressed concrete pipe pile after the DTH hammer leading hole can efficiently penetrate the riprap structure layer,the structural integrity of the pile body after the pile sinking is good,and the vertical bearing capacity of the single pile meets the design requirements.The research results can provide reference for similar foundation pile sinking construction.

Abstract:To the problems of narrow water operation space and difficult navigation guarantee faced by the construction of breakwater at the mouth of the fjord.Taking a breakwater project as an example,this paper analyzes the plane layout plan and structural characteristics of the double door,adopts the construction technology of water and land combined with throwing and filling into embankments,which is comprehensively promoted by the underwater lifting method and the water end entry method,as well as reasonable navigation control measures.Through engineering practice,the above construction problems are solved to ensure the smooth implementation of the project.The research results show that compared with the design of a protruding breakwater,the island breakwater with double door layout has more advantages in improving navigation efficiency and maintaining self-purification of the water in the bay,which can provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:In the implementation of engineering projects,it is necessary to focus on engineering costs and environmental protection issues.The water intake pump room,drainage well,and water intake and discharge pipeline in the port and waterway engineering construction mainly adopt the traditional dry construction method of large excavation+cast-in-place,and the underwater construction method of large excavation+sinking pipe.Compared with traditional methods,a new technology of sinking well and underground excavation pipe jacking is adopted,and the current application status,key and difficult points of sinking well and underground excavation pipe jacking are introduced.Taking a LNG(liquefied natural gas) project in Guangdong Province as the background,a comparative analysis is conducted on the working procedure and construction period,quality acceptance standards,engineering costs,environmental protection,construction safety,and other aspects of different construction methods.Through research,it has been found that the use of sinking well and pipe jacking schemes has significant advantages in engineering costs and environmental protection.Practice has proven that the large-sized sinking well and long-distance pipe jacking schemes are well applied in seawater intake and discharge engineering，and can provide reference for similar engineering design and construction.