Abstract:

Abstract:Under the background of national strategies such as traffic power and double carbon goals，as well as Sichuan’s strategies of “one trunk line with multiple branches，five regions’ coordination” and “four directions of expansion and global opening”，the high-quality development of water transportation in Sichuan Province is facing new opportunities and challenges. Sichuan water transportation needs to put forward new ideas，study new countermeasures，fully tap its own potential，and improve the quality and efficiency of supply. Based on the analysis of the development process of Sichuan water transportation，this study generally evaluates the development achievements and existing problems of Sichuan water transportation，comprehensively studies and judges the situation and requirements faced by the development of inland water transportation in the new era，and puts forward the development ideas and countermeasures of Sichuan water transport from the aspects of development mode，development orientation，development pattern，development kinetic energy，development format，etc.，so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of inland water transportation in Sichuan Province.

Abstract:With the construction of cascade hubs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River to store water，the navigation of the Jinsha River has become one of the most active inland water transport regions in Sichuan province. Taking the steel products and phosphate bulk cargo in the hinterland of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as an example，economic of cargo transportation in the hinterland of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River is researched.Combined with the current situation and development trend of comprehensive transportation in hinterland，the reasonable transportation mode and path of steel products and phosphate ore are analyzed，and the method of minimum comprehensive freight is adopted to compare freight rates.It is found that：1） It is more economical to transport steel products，phosphate ore and other water suitable goods in the hinterland of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. 2） Water suitable goods sold to Yichang，Hubei，and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should be transferred in the water of Yibin Port. 3） Promoting the construction of cascade navigation structures in Xiluodu，Baihetan and Wudongde is of great significance to give full play to the advantages of navigation in the lower reaches of Jinsha River.

Abstract:In order to enhance the dam-passing transportation capacity of the Xiangjiaba hub of the Jinsha River and alleviate the transportation congestion of downstream goods in the reservoir area，this paper tends to build a dam-overturning transportation system for the Sichuan bank of Xiangjiaba and proposes three transportation channel schemes. In order to select an economic and reasonable construction scheme，the paper analyzes and estimates the operation cost and operating income of each scheme item by item according to the survey data of built dam-overturning transportation systems in Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu and the forecasted dam-passing traffic volume of Xiangjiaba. In addition，the paper conducts an economic comparison among the three mutually exclusive schemes from the perspective of the whole life cycle through the minimum cost method and minimum price method and puts forward suggestions for optimizing the schemes in terms of obtaining subsidy funds and adopting phased construction.The results show that the present cost，annual cost，and transportation lump sum of reconstructing old roads with high-speed lines and constructing belt conveyors with low-speed lines are the lowest，and the scheme is recommended from an economic perspective. The optimized scheme further improves the economy and enhances the competitiveness and anti-risk ability of the project.

Abstract:In the construction of navigation and electricity hub projects，traditional river-crossing leveling for high-grade elevation control measurement cannot be implemented. In view of this，this paper carries out research on the theory and application practice of a precision triangulation elevation measurement technology. The paper introduces the principle of triangulation elevation measurement technology，analyzes the factors affecting the error of triangulation elevation measurement，and proposes measures for mitigating errors. Taking the elevation control network measurement in Qianwei navigation and electricity hub as a case study，we use the Leica TS50 measuring robot and selects a suitable observation time window to verify the feasibility of replacing second-class river-crossing leveling with total station precision triangulation elevation measurement. Practice shows that the method is effective and can meet the difference limit requirements of second-class leveling specifications. The research results can provide guidance for the high-grade elevation control measurement in subsequent large-scale navigation and electricity hub construction.

Abstract:For the middle and low head channelization hub on mountain rivers，the check high water level plus super-elevation at the upstream of the hub determines the top elevation of the upper gate on a non-overflow ship lock，which is higher than the true value. This paper analyzes the characteristics，development tasks，reservoir operation mode，and water retaining period of the middle and low head channelization hub. Through the analysis of the influence of the elevation determined under different factors on the use and construction standard of a ship lock，this paper puts forward the suitability of the reduction of the basic water level when determining the top elevation of the upper gate on the non-overflow ship lock of the middle and low head channelization hub in mountain rivers. The analysis of a project example shows that it is appropriate to adopt the corresponding water level in the flood control standard of the city near the project.

Abstract:The original planning cascade scheme of the Pengshan Jiangkou to Leshan section of the Minjiang River is close，the kinetic energy economic index of the power station is poor，and the development is difficult. Regarding these problems，with the goal of fully realizing the upgrading of the Minjiang River waterway，combined with the changes in the planning and construction conditions，the problems and effects of the optimization plan in terms of navigation，power generation efficiency and environmental impact are comprehensively analyzed，and the optimization scheme for the cascade development from the Pengshan Jiangkou to Leshan section of the Minjiang River is optimized from 8 to 6 levels. The optimization scheme provides technical support for the preparation of the shipping development plan for Chengdu to Leshan section of the Minjiang River，significantly improves the shipping efficiency，power generation efficiency and water environment benefit，greatly improves the feasibility of the development scheme，and lays a solid theoretical foundation and planning guidance for the construction of the Minjiang River high-grade waterway.

Abstract:There are many sandy pebble bending braided reaches of Minjiang River，and the river regime characteristics and navigation obstruction characteristics of different braided reaches are very different. Different channel regulation measures for bending braided reaches of mountainous rivers will lead to significantly different changes in hydrological conditions，sediment composition and channel structure at the regulation sites，and also have significant differences in the impact on the navigation function of channel regulation sites. Using the technical means of combining 1：100 normal river physical model test and self-propelled ship model test，this paper studies the regulation measures of Bawangtan group bending braided reaches of Minjiang River，optimizes the plane design parameters such as route selection，regulation building size and spacing in mountainous rivers bending braided reaches，and proposes the regulation scheme for class III channel of Bawangtan group bending braided reaches of Minjiang River. The results show that the regulation purpose of increasing water depth and improving water flow conditions can be achieved by optimizing the route layout and combining engineering measures such as dam body adjustment，excavation of compound navigation channel，and placement of submerged dam or filling channel at the downstream.

Abstract:Due to urban planning，flood discharge，land acquisition，and other factors，it is difficult to select new river-crossing bridge routes for large mountainous rivers in urban areas. In addition，many buildings have been built across the river，and they have been built in different years，which thus forms river segments with complicated bridge groups，and each bridge has different technical standards for navigation. This paper uses a planar two-dimensional flow mathematical model to analyze in detail the hydrodynamic conditions and the range of effective navigable water area of the river segments with bridge groups for the bridge to be built. At the same time，through the ship control simulation test，the paper studies the arrangement of piers and the safety of ships sailing through the river segments with bridge groups after the bridge is built. The results show that after engineering measures are implemented，the navigable flow condition of the river segments in the bridge area is improved，and the ship collision probability for the bridge to be built is very small. Therefore，the navigable water area determined by the river segments with bridge groups is reasonable.

Abstract:Regarding the influence of lock chamber structure on carbon emission，the carbon emission calculation model of lock construction period is established to calculate and analyze its carbon emission in the three stages of building materials production，transportation and construction. It is concluded that the reinforced concrete structure should be preferred in the selection of the gate chamber structure，and the integral structure and the low-carbon concrete material are preferred when the wall is high and both sides are backfilled.

Abstract:The Xiaoshi shipping hub is the last step of the Tuojiang River Basin. According to sediment data from Lijiawan（Fushun） hydrological station，this paper calculates and analyzes the sediment deposition in the reservoir area. Based on the existing data，the paper studies the riverbed evolution and the causes of deposition and uses a one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation model to calculate water surface lines before and after reservoir construction，with the backwater effect of the Yangtze River being absent or present. The results show that the deposition phenomenon of some cross sections is serious. The channel is scoured and silted，and its shape form is basically stable. The water surface slope under the backwater effect is significantly less than that under natural conditions，and the impact of the flood backwater effect is significantly smaller in front of the dam than the tail of the dam.

Abstract:There are many continuous branching channels in Dajian channel of Minjiang River，in recent years，due to the influence of sand mining，the shoals and channels evolve frequently，and the channel conditions deteriorate year by year. In this paper，the hydrological and topographic data of Ma’anshan-Luobosi continuous braided shoal group reach in recent 10 years are collected and collated，the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the bars and channels are analyzed，and the change process of navigation-obstructing characteristics of the shoal section，as well as the change trend of riverbed evolution and channel conditions are revealed. The results show that the split ratio of the main branch decreases year by year after large-scale sand mining in the branch，which leads to the siltation of the main channel，and that the continuous branch junction zone in the transition section affects navigation due to the dispersion of flow，fine sediment and complex changes in the shoal and channel，which must be supplemented by treatment measures. After the “8.11” catastrophic flood，the diversion ratio of the left branch of Laojiangba continued to decrease，the collapse trend of the beach head of Wangbazi intensified，the intersection zone of continuous branches was easy to form staggered shoals，and the waterway condition showed a further deterioration trend.

Abstract:This paper probes into the temporary navigation in the open channel for the construction of the Longxikou navigation power junction. Utilizing a mathematical model and a real ship test，it studies the flow conditions for temporary navigation and trial navigation results after the local dredging of the open channel. The mathematical model simulates the water depth and flow velocity of the temporary channel formed by the local dredging of the open channel for construction，both of which meet the requirements of ships for safe navigation. Under the loading and no-load conditions of vessels with different tonnages，the real ships in the test can safely go up and down through the temporary channel of the open channel for the construction of the Longxikou navigation power junction，which provides a basis for determining the navigation scope and scale of the temporary channel during the construction of the junction.

Abstract:As large reservoir groups are constructed in the upstream of the watershed，the downstream river discharge increases significantly in the dry season due to the mode of storing water in the wet season and supplying water in the dry season，which is of great significance to improve waterway conditions. Based on hydrological data of the downstream control hydrologic stations of Jinsha River over previous years，we analyze river discharge variations in the dry season during different periods of reservoir group construction and put forward a theoretical method for calculating downstream river discharge amplification under different guarantee rates in the dry season based on reservoir capacity adjustment of reservoir groups. Then we predict quantitatively that the river discharge of Xiangjiaba station under a guarantee rate of 95% is 2 172 m3/s after two reservoirs are constructed in Wudongde and Baihetan. The value approximates the actual statistic value of 2 007 m3/s. Therefore，the proposed theoretical method can provide references for estimating downstream river discharge in the dry season after cascade reservoir groups are built in other rivers.

Abstract:In the construction diversion scheme of the Qujiang Fengdongzi navigation project，the flow velocity at the flow section is large during the phase II diversion period. Meanwhile，the anti-scour ability of the downstream river channel is insufficient，and the scour at the head of the upstream cofferdam is significant. In response to these problems，this paper optimizes the construction diversion design scheme on the basis of the physical model test of construction diversion. The paper takes measures of improving the construction diversion plane layout，strengthening the design of the anti-impact facilities of the downstream stilling pool，and optimizing the structural form of the head of the longitudinal cofferdam throughout the year and the length of the longitudinal cofferdam in the dry season，taking into account the general layout of the hub，construction period，construction intensity，project investment，and other factors. It also tests and verifies the optimized construction diversion model and puts forward the diversion design scheme meeting construction requirements for guiding project construction.

Abstract:Traditional calculation methods for designing the lowest navigable water level in reservoir areas mainly count discharge and calculate the inflow discharge according to guaranteed rate and water level in front of dams. However，these methods fail to consider the dispatching scheme of power stations. Taking Xiangjiaba Reservoir area in Jinsha River as an example，this paper analyzes problems that Xiangjiaba power station has different dispatching schemes，the water level difference in front of dams of high dam reservoir areas is large，and schemes using both guaranteed rate discharge and water level in front of dams are not suitable for the actual situation. Then，the paper studies the lowest navigable water level design. Based on the actual water level and discharge in front of dams，the paper calculates the lowest navigable water level in high dam reservoir areas and fluctuating backwater areas by four methods and compares the calculation results. The results show that the project scale in fluctuating backwater areas can be better determined by considering both water level and inflow discharge in Xiangjiaba Reservoir area，which is in line with the actual situation and can reduce cost.

Abstract:The Changshou Yangtze River Bridge from Yubei to Huaihua Railway crosses the Yangtze River at the Shantuo Waterway in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir.The waterway is divided into left and right navigation holes by the main span bridge of Changshou Bridge. The bridge does not meet the requirements for the navigation clearance of single span two-way or double span one-way in Class I channel. From the perspective of navigation safety，this paper takes the width of Class I channel required by the Code for Design of Waterway Engineering as the minimum span of river crossing structures combining with representative ship types and channel characteristics，opens the right hole as an auxiliary navigation hole in combination with river channel conditions during high water level periods，defines the boundaries of the navigable water area in the bridge area by reasonably setting buoys，and takes measures such as adding a bridge anti-collision active early warning system to ensure navigation safety.

Abstract:HEC-RAS one-dimensional mathematic model can be applied to the calculation of constant flow and unsteady flow. It is often used in the fields of rainfall runoff analysis，river hydrodynamic，flood process analysis and so on. Taking the post disaster reconstruction of the Minjiang river channel（Leshan section） as an example，we use HEC-RAS model calibrate to analyze and calculate the water surface line of this section according to the measured terrain，measured diversion ratio and measured water boundary line of the river channel，and study the applicability of HEC-RAS model in the calculation of the design minimum navigable water level of the braided river section. The results show that the HEC-RAS model has good calibration results in the study area，has good applicability，and can provide economic and effective technical support for channel regulation of braided rivers.

Abstract:The Yinchuan reach of the Yellow River is a typical wandering plain river. Its bed material is fine sand，which is easy to be washed and silt. The wading facilities are prone to change the sediment movement law of the sandy riverbed，cause unpredictable scouring and silting evolution of the riverbed terrain，and result in the turbulence of the water flow pattern，which is not conducive to ships passing through the reach in the bridge area. As a result，it increases the risk of navigation obstacles and the difficulty of regulation. Based on the analysis of riverbed evolution，this paper uses numerical simulation technology to analyze the water flow pattern and included angle of the reach in the sediment-laden bridge area under representative flows，the water blocking rate of wading buildings，and other parameters. In addition，the paper studies the channel regulation technology of the reach in the bridge area，which considers not only its impact on flood discharge and channel solidification but also navigation channel regulation and flood discharge. The results show that this channel regulation technology has combined navigation channel regulation，flood discharge，and bridge construction，and it can not only satisfy the navigation conditions of the channel but also meet the flood discharge requirements，which is conducive to ship navigation and bridge construction.

Abstract:The Qujiang Fengdongzi navigation project is located in the middle reaches of the main stream of the Qujiang River. The river course indicates that it is a typical mountain river. It has the characteristics of large fluctuations of flood and dry water levels，a large river bend coefficient，and development of forks. The project development tasks include navigation，power generation，urban water environment improvement，etc.，and the comprehensive utilization requirements are high. Due to the large number of buildings in the hub，the overall layout needs to meet the operating conditions of the ship locks，release sluices，power plants，fishways，and other buildings at the same time，facilitate operation and management，and combine the construction diversion buildings with permanent access，which is relatively difficult. Through the comparison and selection of the left and right banks of the ship lock，the layout of the ship lock and the power station on the same or different banks，the layout of the far and near dams at the exits of the fishways，combined with the hydraulic physical model test，this paper proposes the general layout of the ship lock along the branch，the drainage channel，and the fishway along the embankment. The scheme realizes the consideration of the layout requirements of each building of the hub under the premise of navigation.

Abstract:The anti-corrosion recoating and repair of steel structures in ship locks are difficult and influence the maintenance period of the ship locks. In response，this paper deeply analyzes the corrosion mechanism and anti-corrosion demand of steel structures in ship locks and outlines relevant cutting-edge technologies，materials，and processes. In addition，the paper introduces in detail the application of graphene zinc powder coating in the anti-corrosion of steel structures in ship locks. Through case application and comparative analysis，this paper compares the graphene zinc powder coating and a traditional anti-corrosion system in many aspects and concludes that the performance of the graphene zinc powder coating is much better than that of a zinc-rich epoxy coating. Graphene zinc powder coating is comparable to thermal sprayed zinc in anti-corrosion but is more convenient and environmentally friendly. As indicated by the comparison of the life-cycle economic benefits among typical anti-corrosion schemes，the graphene zinc powder coating has good performance in environmental protection，convenient implementation，and low life-cycle cost，becoming an anti-corrosion material worthy of promotion for steel structures of ship locks.

Abstract:Regarding the complex flow conditions in mountainous rivers，narrow land depth and limited port layout，feasible solutions are put forward and corresponding engineering measures are taken to realize the combined transport function of “railway，highway and water” in the port area. In view of the key problems of water area layout，the plane layout is optimized through physical model test to improve navigation conditions. The verification during the operation period shows that the water flow in the front of the wharf berth is gentle，the flow regime is stable，the reliability of ship loading and unloading operation is high，and the technical route and research method are reasonable and feasible.

Abstract:The traditional calculation of ship lock capacity is based on the subjective result of simple manual permutation，which cannot reflect the dynamic process of ships arriving at the lock at random，nor does it reflect the service level of the ship lock. To comprehensively reflect and reasonably evaluate the impact of random arrival of ships and operation scheduling of ship lock capacity，this paper carries out a simulation study on the ship lock capacity. The ship random arrival process is automatic generated according to the proportion of ship types in the channel. Scheduling by the optimal matching permutation strategy and sequential service permutation strategy is carried out. Two classical operational research models（two-dimensional packing problem and knapsack problem） are used to calculate the combination of passing ships and the gross tonnage of one-time passing. Based on this theory，a simulation calculation software for the ship lock capacity is developed，which can better make up for the shortcomings of the existing calculation methods.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the development status of intelligent channels both in China and abroad and proposes an AI monitoring and navigation-supporting system that integrates a water level prediction model，video recognition technique，integrated embedded GPS chips，relevant hardware equipment，and interactive operation interface. With Minjiang River（Longxikou-Hejiangmen section） as the research object，the system identifies，collects，and analyzes channel dynamic information such as water level，ships，and beacons. As a result，it achieves intelligent management of channel resources，improves the efficiency of channel supervision and operation，and assists channels’ competent departments in decision-making. The system can exert positive effects in speeding up the intelligent construction of Sichuan’s channels and helping the transportation industry realize carbon neutrality and carbon peaking.

Abstract:3D forward design software with a hydraulic structure features low adaptability，heavy workloads of manual modeling，and a high threshold for secondary development. In order to address these issues，this paper introduces a Dynamo visual programming platform and studies Qianwei navigation lock engineering. Based on an established BIM model library，the paper uses the axis of the navigation lock and that of the dam as positioning boundary conditions and calls Dynamo nodes to place navigation lock components，so as to form an overall model. After that，the paper employs the positive interoperability between Dynamo and Revit to modify the model parameters and establishes a complete BIM model. The results show that the visualization of the Dynamo platform lowers the difficulty of secondary development，and the parameterization reduces manual repetitive labor，which provides ideas for the application of BIM technology in navigation lock engineering design.

Abstract:In the measurement of inland waterway beach hazard，the traditional measurement method has the problems of single type of results，low accuracy and efficiency，and unguaranteed personnel safety.Based on the principles and methods of UAV airborne laser bathymetry technology，this paper demonstrates its applicability in terms of detection capability，wave correction，very shallow water measurement，flight conditions and other aspects based on the characteristics of inland waterway beach hazard measurement. It concludes that the technology is flexible and efficient，it can provide high-density terrain point cloud data on water and land，which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of results，and it can meet the needs of inland waterway beach hazard measurement，but more deeper research is needed to improve the accuracy of very shallow water measurement，the impact of water quality conditions，echo identification processing technology，and the impact of large specific drop on the water surface.

Abstract:The topographic survey of river channels is a prerequisite for river channel navigation，flood discharge and river channel regulation，and river channel engineering construction. The existing topographic survey technologies for river channels have low operation efficiency，and operators usually face risks for wading. In view of these problems，this paper studies a section of the Jialing River in Zhaohua District，Guangyuan City，Sichuan Province，which has a length of about 2.6 km，and uses a river channel mapping technology that combines unmanned aerial vehicles（UAVs） and unmanned ships to obtain a digital orthophoto image（DOM），digital elevation model（DEM），and digital line graphic（DLG） of the test area，which all meet specifications. The results show that under the GPS-RTK inspection mode，the proportion of errors less than 0.055 m in the 1：2 000 DLG results produced by the mapping technology based on UAVs and unmanned ships accounts for 99.4% in terms of onshore topography checkpoints，and that of errors less than 0.25 m accounts for 98.4% in terms of underwater topography checkpoints，which both meet the mapping accuracy requirements of JTS 131—2012 Specifications for Port and Waterway Engineering Survey.

Abstract:The main road of the Zhicheng port area in Yibin Port is a long bedding slope with sandstone-mudstone interbedding，and the rock inclination is 16°. Its stability and treatment measures are particularly important for the construction of the port area. According to the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope found in construction，this paper analyzes the failure mechanism and stability of the slope through geological mapping，drilling，borehole television utilization，laboratory tests，and experience in similar engineering. The analysis results show that soft and hard rock interbedding，unfavorable bedding geological structure，gravity stress of the slope，poor properties of interlayer structural plane，slope toe excavation，and precipitation are the main reasons for the instability of the gently inclined long bedding slope with sandstone-mudstone interbedding. After the anti-slide retaining measures are taken，the stability of the slope is guaranteed.

Abstract:During the excavation of a wharf yard in northern Sichuan，the soil slope at the back edge cracked and deformed，and quickly slid along the top of the bedrock to form a landslide. Then the soil above the back edge of the landslide formed two-stage arc deformation cracks due to the traction of the landslide. In this paper，starting from the terrain changes before the landslide，the characteristics of the sliding surface and the cracks at the back edge after the landslide，on the basis of the original survey data，combined with field investigation and pit exploration，the sliding mechanism，stable state and treatment measures of the landslide are studied by using the method of limit equilibrium mechanics analysis. It is concluded that the main internal cause of landslide is that the water content of soil near the foundation cover interface is too high and its shear strength is too low. After the free face formed by construction excavation，the shear stress concentration near the foundation cover interface exceeds the shear strength of soil，inducing landslide，and the corresponding treatment measures are proposed.

Abstract:A ship lock is located in the gypsum dissolution zone，and the compression fracture zone and closed dissolution pores are generally developed in the foundation. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of grouting，we carry out the tests such as the test of rock block density，wave speed，compressive strength，rock mass bearing capacity and wave speed before and after grouting. Then we carry out the comparison and regression analysis of the test results before and after grouting，and propose suggestions for optimizing the grouting scheme. The results show that the physical and mechanical index test values of the rock block and rock mass have large dispersion，and the average value shows correlation. The dissolution pores developed in the foundation of the ship lock are relatively independent and have poor connectivity. Consolidation grouting has a limited effect on improving the bearing capacity of the rock foundation.