ZHOU Jian , LI Pei-liang , TAN Feng , YANG Jing-si
2022(S1):1-7.
Abstract:Taking the restoration project of Chiling Beach in Tufu Bay as an example，this paper analyzes the feasibility of shortening sand barrier length without affecting navigation conditions for optimizing the sand barrier structure. The plan adopts the beach berm nourishment technology and shortens the sand barrier length to 150 m，with sand allowed to enter the standby sand storage tank by bypassing the structure. During the field inspection in the past two years，the structure was attacked by many typhoons，especially in the second half of 2020. The plan withstood the test，which proves that the design effect is good. In addition，the sand bypassing solution also saves investment costs. This study shows that properly shortening the sand barrier structure may also achieve the expected results，bringing new inspiration for similar beach nourishment projects.
2022(S1):8-12.
Abstract:The navigation vertical clearance ofbuildings across waterways is a core content of the Navigation Standard of Waterways for Seagoing Vessel. The vessel height above the waterline is a key parameter for the calculation of navigation vertical clearance. During the formulation of the Navigation Standard of Waterways for Seagoing Vessel，a statistical analysis is carried out according to a guarantee rate with the data of various types of vessels in operation，and the reasonable ratio of ballast draft to loaded draft is determined for the vessels. The height above the waterline is calculated for existing vessels in the world according to the ratio. At the same time，the table of vessel height above the waterline adopted in the Navigation Standard of Waterways for Seagoing Vessel is determined depending on the research on bridges at home and abroad. This study is systematic and comprehensive，filling the domestic gap in the field，and is of great significance for and far-reaching influence on the design and construction of buildings across waterways and the protection of navigation safety.
FENG Zhe , SHAO Tie-zheng , LI Yuan-qing , ZHOU Jian
2022(S1):13-20.
Abstract:Affected by increasing human activities and frequent extreme weather events in recent years，sandy coasts around the world are facing severe erosion and degradation. Effectively solving the problem of habitat degradation，improving the resilience of coastal zones，and fulfilling the dual functions of ecological environment improvement and natural disaster management are important issues that many regions pay close attention to. The increasingly evident negative effects of previous coastal remediation methods and the policy restrictions on traditional hard engineering give rise to the exploration of nature-based solutions（NBS）featuring sustainable management of coastal resources. In response，this paper takes four stretches of sandy coasts with obvious erosion and degradation on the west coast of Haikou in China as an example. Resorting to the numerical simulation technology and the NBS policy，the paper explores the bionic design forms of straight and cape-shaped beaches and builds submerged reef and cape head sections and artificial dunes to construct a comprehensive protection system that combines flexible beaches with hard revetments. Innovative ideas for regional beach sediment management are drawn on to propose a beach management model of cyclic sand supplementation & periodic maintenance to promote the natural recovery of the ecological environments on damaged coasts.
YANG Hai-ning , ZHANG Fei , FAN Jiang-shan
2022(S1):21-24.
Abstract:In response to the diversified functions of breakwaters，traditional structural forms can no longer meet the specific requirements of certain uses of breakwaters，leading to innovations in structural forms. In conjunction with the master plan for the development of tourism and cultural industries in the eastern part of the Hujiashan operation area in the Dongjiakou Port area of Qingdao Port，a horizontal mixed vertical breakwater structure with many advantages integrating wave protection，navigation，landscape，commercial and entertainment functions was adopted in the design of the outer sea section of the Hujiashan east breakwater. This paper expounds on the width，elevation and structural design of the breakwater. The successful application of the horizontal mixed vertical breakwater structure in Hujiashan east breakwater proves the broad application prospect of this kind of breakwater structure.
2022(S1):25-30.
Abstract:The Bohai Rim region is exposed to environmental problems such as the degradation of ecological functions of estuarine and bay coastal wetlands，shoreline and beach erosion and human impact，siltation and pollution of the estuarine sea area，environmental deterioration of waterbody and bottom sediment，as well as land-based pollution. Through the practice of the coastal regulation and restoration project in the Bohai Sea area，this paper puts forward the coastal ecological restoration concept and preliminary work ideas suitable for similar projects，repair engineering measures，and expected repair effects by the analysis of induction and summarization. It is concluded that the purpose of restoring coastal types，controlling pollution，restoring wetland ecology，and enhancing regional hydrodynamic environment can be achieved through measures such as structure demolition，desilting，tidal creek dredging，vegetation restoration，and shoreline restoration. In this way，the goal of restoring coastal wetlands and shorelines can be achieved.
YUE Tian , YUE Lin , DU Zhen-hui
2022(S1):31-35.
Abstract:Deep and soft soil foundations are common in coastal port sites. Therefore，the negative impact of ground surcharge loads on pile foundations of buildings must be considered while constructing workshops with large-span steel structures on such sites. The use of rigid floor piles is one of the solutions. In this paper，we simulate the surcharge loads and foundations by the finite element analysis software and systematically analyze the stability of the coal blending shed foundation and the rigid floor pile foundation. The result reveals that the coal blending shed with the rigid floor piles meets the safety requirements.
2022(S1):36-41.
Abstract:Considering the influence from the construction and operation of the Dongjiakou Crude Oil Terminal（Phase II）at Qingdao Port on the marine natural environment，ecological environment，atmospheric environment，and water environment，we carry out a research on the green design strategy in terms of saving resources，reducing the impact on the environment，and recycling resources. Setting green design objectives and adopting green design strategies and technical measures including the integrated use of land and sea areas，installation of oil and gas recovery devices，installation of devices for organism inactivation treatment in ballast water，as well as comprehensive recycling of resources，we achieve the result of saving land and sea use，meeting the emission standards of waste gas and water，protecting the ecological environment，and comprehensive recycling of resources，which has a positive effect on promoting the green，circular，and low-carbon development and technological progress of ports.
LIU Jian , WU Xiao-lei , ZHANG Zhi-xia , DING Min
2022(S1):42-46.
Abstract:China’s coastal ports play an important role in serving the national strategy and economic development. In this paper，we summarize the stage characteristics of coastal port development in China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period from the perspectives such as construction investment，transportation demand，function innovation，and shortcomings and gaps，analyze the impacts and requirements of the new environment for socio-economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period on and for coastal ports and study and determine the demand trend of coastal ports under the new development pattern of “dual circulation.” On this basis，we put forward the development ideas and suggestions of coastal ports in the 14th Five-Year Plan period，including strengthening the hub efficiency，improving quality，creating value，and integration and opening up. The study can provide references for promoting the high-quality development of China’s coastal ports and accelerating the construction of world-class ports.
YU Zhi-an , TANG Yi-fu , YAN Ke-di
2022(S1):47-51.
Abstract:Considering the water and land area restriction of the steel-shell unloading wharf of the precast yard on Guishan Island for Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge，we research the general layout of the wharf for a semi-submerged barge in the restricted conditions. We adopt a separated arrangement scheme for the berthing area and turning area and enable the sharp turn of the barge before berthing by laying bollards on shore to help it turn around and move repeatedly. The barge track proves that the arrangement can meet the need of barge berthing. The design of general layout of the unloading wharf breaks through conventional design and reduces the occupied area of the water area for the wharf.
LIU Qiang , ZHANG Xin-zhu , REN Zeng-jin
2022(S1):52-57.
Abstract:In view of the problem that the calculated wave load exceeds that stipulated in the codes caused by the continuous enlargement of the prefabricated elliptical caisson，we carry out a research on the equivalent simplification of the circular pier column for the design of the elliptical caisson structure. Comparing the code calculation results of the circular pier column and the physical model test value of the total horizontal wave force and the wave pressure on the elliptical caisson，we can judge the rationality of the structure simplification and then choose a reasonable design value of the wave pressure on the exterior wall. Comparing and verifying the calculation results based on relevant codes with those by finite element software，we obtain the accurate calculation results of the internal forces caused by waves on the exterior wall of the elliptical caisson，which may serve as reference for similar engineering designs.
LI Bing-fei , YANG Bin , TANG Ying
2022(S1):58-62.
Abstract:As an important guarantee for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port，the roll-on/roll-off（Ro-Ro）transport of passenger and freight in Qiongzhou Strait bears more than 90% of materials for production and life and over 30% of the passengers entering and leaving Hainan Island，which is a major channel for people’s livelihood linking Hainan Province and inland areas. With the function adjustment of Xiuying Port of Haikou Port and the upcoming construction agenda of the Zhanjiang-Haikou high-speed railway project，the Xinhai Port of Haikou Port will be the core Ro-Ro port area on Hainan Island for Ro-Ro transport of passenger and freight and railway ferry on the whole island. Considering the existing problems in the Xinhai Port water area，we carry out the water area layout according to future development needs and simulate the water layout and the impact of channel navigation. The simulation results verify the rationality of the proposed water layout，which can ensure the navigation safety of Qiongzhou Strait.
LIU Cheng-xin , WU Li-xin , TANG Ying
2022(S1):63-68.
Abstract:There are many advantages applying grouping silos in large export coal terminal，such as high level of automation，environmentally friendly and smaller footprint etc. But there is no mature standard for reference about the grouping silo handling process layout. However，the calculation based on the empirical formula cannot accurately reflect the influence of different handling process layout schemes on the passing capacity. This paper is based on the Phase 3 and Phase 4 projects of coal harbor at Huanghua Port. According to the different layout of the grouping silos，four typical handing process options were put forward. Then the reasonable terminal throughput capacity of every option was got by the simulation study with Simio. At last，detailed comparisons were taken among the four options about the main technical and economic indicators，and a few suggestions were given about the grouping silos layout for similar projects.
CAO Shuai , YANG Hai-ning , CHEN Zhi-le
2022(S1):69-74.
Abstract:To calculate the wave uplift force on a trestle-type wharf on a steep coast under working conditions of long-period waves and shallow water deformation，this paper takes the China-assisted wharf construction project in La Libertad Department of El Salvador as an example. Results of physical model tests and theoretical calculations according to relevant domestic and foreign code manuals are compared to analyze the wave uplift force on the superstructure. The following observations can be made from the results：1）The theoretical formulas work mostly for progressive waves，and those applicable to long-period plunging waves are rare in number；2）Considering steep coast topography，long period，shallow water deformation of waves，wave breaking，and other factors，cross-sectional physical model test is more in line with actual wave conditions，and the uplift force tested is more reasonable and accurate；3）The wave uplift force should be determined under comprehensive consideration of values obtained from physical model tests and theoretical formulas. The results are used in the optimization design of hydraulic structures，and they provide a reference for future wharf design under similar working conditions.
2022(S1):75-79.
Abstract:In view of the difficulty of PHC pipe pile sinking under complicated geologic condition，we determine the structural type of PHC-steel pipe composite pile based on an official ship wharf project in Sanya and combined with the advantages of PHC pipe pile and steel pipe pile and relevant industry specifications. According to the characteristics of PHC-steel pipe composite pile，from the perspective of penetrating thick sand layer，we propose the ultimate bearing capacity state of wharf structure by structural calculation software and related specification formulas. Analyzing the results of structural calculation，stress characteristics and pile foundation test，we put forward targeted pile foundation improvement measures and pile sinking control conditions，and obtain the PHC steel pipe composite pile meeting the engineering design requirements. The results show that the PHC steel pipe composite pile method meets the requirements of bearing capacity and strain of pile foundation，when penetrating the thick sand layer，the PHC-steel pipe composite pile is feasible and reasonable in economy.
CHEN Zhao-xiong , SHEN Rui-ting , CHEN Gang
2022(S1):80-83.
Abstract:This paper outlines the current national laws and regulations supervising dangerous goods port construction projects and summarizes the current situation and problems in the compilation of specifications for the design of safety facilities for dangerous goods port construction projects. Taking an oil and liquid chemical product wharf project in Panjin Port as an example，the paper proposes the method and key points of compiling specifications for the design of safety facilities for such construction projects according to the Specifications for the Design of Safety Facilities for Dangerous Goods Port Construction Projects. They are expected to provide references for future compilation of such specifications for dangerous goods port construction projects and thereby improve the standardization of specification compilation，which is conducive to the intrinsic safety of projects of this type during their construction.
2022(S1):84-87.
Abstract:Based on the shore power project of a new tourist ship wharf in Shenzhen，we analyze the commonly used shore power supply system and shore power demand of passenger terminal，compare and study the current mainstream grid-connected direct current conversion technology and unit type direct current conversion technology according to the characteristics of the internal distribution facilities of the new tourist ship，propose a scheme of using direct current conversion technology to provide shore power for tourist ships，and compare the consumption data of passenger ships using direct current shore power and fuel oil. The results show that the annual emission of exhaust gas can be reduced by about 25，200 t，nitrogen oxide，sulfide，carbon monoxide and other pollutants by about 75 t，and carbon dioxide by about 2，960 t. The direct current shore power plays a good role in protecting the port environment，and produces the significant social benefits for port enterprises.
SU Chuan , GUO Ying , WU Xiao-lei , LI Bing-fei , WANG Jia-qi , YANG Bin
2022(S1):88-94.
Abstract:The development of infrastructures in port cities commonly faces problems such as insufficient systematic planning，shortage of construction funds，and poor operation performance. Taking Bayuquan District of Yingkou City as an example，we analyze the mainstream development model of port-area infrastructure projects such as port city areas，port logistics parks，and port distribution highways. On this basis，we adopt the systems engineering theory and interdisciplinary research methods and propose an integrated development model，i.e.，“renovation and upgrading of port city areas + construction of port distribution transportation + development of basic logistics areas.” This model fully mobilizes the enthusiasm of the government and social investors and forms a sustainable development model which links sub-projects throughout the life cycle of the project，and it may serve as reference for promoting the development and construction of infrastructure in the port area.
WANG Fei-peng , PAN Jin-xia , LEI Ming-yue , CAI Sheng-ru
2022(S1):95-100.
Abstract:At present，the ship shore power technology has been basically popularized and applied in the new wharf，but the early old wharf is generally rarely equipped with ship shore power system. At the same time，due to the lack of corresponding supporting infrastructure during construction，the old wharf does not have the conditions for direct installation of ship shore power equipment. It is urgent to take transformation measures to meet the use demand of the ship shore power. Taking the second international container terminal in Beilun Port area of NingboZhoushan Port as an example，we introduce a reconstruction scheme of ship shore power supporting foundation pit of old high pile beam slab wharf，which is by chiseling off the local panel and side beam bracket of the wharf front and adding facilities such as cover plate stop，closed bottom plate，steel cover plate，fairlead，steel ladder and steel grid plate，so as to meet the installation and use requirements of shore power equipment. This transformation scheme has the advantages of simple structure，convenient construction，little impact on the original structure and strong universality. It can ensure the safety，reliability and convenient operation of shore power supply process when the ship is docked at the wharf.
LIU Jie , BA Lei , LIU Ning , XIA Lu-jun
2022(S1):101-108.
Abstract:The composite system of cast-in-place pile wall and gravity structure is recommended for a wharf upgrading project in the Middle East. The system is able to make full use of the performances of the two structures and effectively solves the technical problems such as the forward movement of the berth line，deepening of berth water，significant increase in loading on the superstructure，strict requirements for horizontal displacement and rock foundation’s disturbance. The strength reduction method and the elastic-plastic analysis are used to carry out Plaxis finite element analysis of the main technical indicators of the composite structure，including the structural stability，the internal force of the pile wall and the horizontal displacement of the wharf. In addition，this paper compares the developing rules of structural stability，internal force and displacement under different horizontal stiffness of pile wall and tie-rod. The results show that the decreases in horizontal stiffness of pile wall and tie-rod can reduce the structural stability and pile wall’s internal force. The decrease in tie-rod’s horizontal stiffness causes the increase in the horizontal displacement，while the decrease in pile wall’s horizontal stiffness is beneficial to reduce the horizontal displacement to some extent.
YUE Lin , YUE Tian , DU Zhen-hui
2022(S1):109-114.
Abstract:In this paper，the existing wind and dust suppression net projects are taken as an example to address the value problem of parameters in the structural design of wind and dust suppression nets. Specifically，by combining wind tunnel tests and specifications，the structural design method of wind and dust suppression nets in bulk cargo yards is discussed，and then we focus on analyzing the method of determining the values of parameters such as the structural shape factor of wind loads and the wind vibration coefficient. The results reveal that the wind and dust suppression nets，as an important wind and dust suppression measure for bulk cargo（coal and ore）yards in port engineering，are characterized by clear force，clear load transfer paths，and convenient construction. On the basis of the wind load calculation formula in Load Code for the Design of Building Structures，reasonable selection of design parameters such as the wind vibration coefficient and structural shape factor can ensure the safety，stability，economy，and reasonableness of structure.
CAI Cui-su , GAO Cheng-yan , LI Xiao-nan , ZHONG Xiao-yan , WANG Zhong-hua
2022(S1):115-118.
Abstract:As the water resources in the watershed section of Hunan-Guangxi Canal are insufficient，the scheme for water resource allocation is studied. On the basis of the characteristics of the river system in the basin，several measures are put forward to satisfy the water demand of canal shipping by means of qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. These measures include lifting water over the dam，building a water replenishing reservoir for shipping，and adopting a water-saving lock. The results provide ideas for solving the problems of insufficient water resources for shipping in the watershed section of Hunan-Guangxi Canal and provide references for similar canal projects such as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Canal.
2022(S1):119-123.
Abstract:Aiming at the shortcomings of the current domestic regulations on the scale of large-scale artificial waterways，theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis methods are used to obtain the correlation between the scale of large-scale artificial waterways and the navigation performance of 10，000-ton ships，including speed and economy. Based on the coupling relationship between large scale artificial waterway and ship performance，the influence of the limited channel scale is studied from the aspects of minimum bottom width，minimum water depth and section coefficient. A large-scale restricted channel design method led by the design ship type and speed is established.
2022(S1):124-129.
Abstract:In recent years，more and more water-saving ship locks have been used as the main design scheme in various domestic pivot ship lock projects. The water-saving ship locks have the advantages of reducing working head，reducing the water consumption of locks and improving the flow conditions in the approach channel of high head locks in the mountainous river areas with high head. In this paper，taking the capacity expansion project of Bajiangkou Ship Lock as an example，in view of the problems such as selection of water-saving form，the design of main structure，the layout size，and the analysis of internal force of the structure，the structural form is determined and the key stress position of the structure is studied. The finite element calculation method is used to compare the various working conditions and the main structures，and the weakest part of the integral water-saving ship lock structure can be drawn，and further structural optimization is carried out for the position with less stress.
LIU Yong-gang , YI Zhong-li , SHI Ling
2022(S1):130-134.
Abstract:In order to promote the internationalization of Chinese standards and The Belt and Road construction，we introduce the design calculation parameters and performance evaluation method of the leading line in domestic and foreign engineering，compare the value differences of key parameters in domestic and foreign codes from the perspectives of calculation principle，data analysis，refine and decompose the guide axis，vertical opening angle，off-axis distance and evaluation method，and obtain the differences and disadvantages of domestic and foreign codes，and compare and analyze the design parameters of the engineering example calculated by domestic and foreign codes. The results show that the design principles of domestic and foreign codes are basically the same，but there are some differences in value of the vertical opening angle，horizontal off-axis distance and effectiveness evaluation of leading line.
GAO Cheng-yan , ZHAO Kai , LONG Xiang-yu
2022(S1):135-138.
Abstract:Jiangxi Province，located in the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，is a traffic location connecting the east and west as well as the south and north in the economic development pattern of the Yangtze River basin. By making the Ganjiang River and the Beijiang River join，the Jiangxi-Guangdong Canal connects the Yangtze River and the Pearl River systems to form a new north-south waterway. This paper analyzes the current conditions of water resources，studies and determines the major factors restraining water resources in the development of the Jiangxi-Guangdong Canal project. Additionally，a comprehensive utilization scheme is put forward for the developed water resources in the watershed section of Jiangxi-Guangdong Canal，which can provide technical support for scientific decision-making.
WANG Chao-liang , ZHOU Jing-xiang , ZHANG Zhi-sen , LIU Dong-quan
2022(S1):139-144.
Abstract:In view of the problem of complicated display of information on the interface of the water safe navigation supervision service system，cumbersome use，and poor background information sharing，we carry out a research on the water safe navigation supervision service platform based on the electronic sea （river）map. Proposing the concept of layer overlay，hierarchical display and SOA，we design innovatively a business view model based on a graph and the overall architecture of a shared database，which successfully integrates mature electronic sea（river）technology with maritime safe navigation supervision and service business in depth，and breaks through back-end data barriers to provide effective technical means for achieving cross-regional and cross-departmental data sharing and coordination and improving the efficiency and service of maritime safe navigation supervision.
2022(S1):145-148.
Abstract:Earthdam is widely used in water conservancy and water transportation projects because of its convenient materials and low cost，its main functions are flood control，power generation and irrigation. The temporary water and soil retaining dam（the second phase cofferdam）in the second line shiplock of Wan’an Junction is to assume the function of the original earth dam after the earth dam section near the upper sluice head is removed，and it is also an important temporary project to ensure the normal construction of the shiplock and the safety of the reservoir. Due to the influence of high water level in the reservoir area，the temporary water and soil retaining dam has higher requirements for deformation stability and seepage stability. As a temporary water retaining structure to maintain the normal operation of reservoirs and power plants during the construction of shiplock，its building grade is equal to the original earth dam（Grade 1 building），the quality standard of dam materials is the same as that of the original earth dam，and the project cost is higher than other construction cofferdams. In this paper，the characteristics of the design process，key point，engineering cost and other aspects are analyzed to provide a reference for similar projects.
2022(S1):149-154.
Abstract:In view of the relative shortage of water resources in the northern region，combined with the Wangdao ship lock project in the Xiaoqing River，the water-saving measures of the ship lock are discussed，and two different plane layout schemes and operation modes of multi-stage water-saving pools with deep and shallow pools and different water deliveries are put forward，namely，single-stage water-saving pools operating alone and single-stage water-saving pools combined with pumping station operation. The following conclusions are drawn from the comparative analysis：1）Both of two water-saving schemes meet the requirements of the specification and water-saving use.2）The multi-stage water-saving tank has a high water saving rate，and the single-stage water-saving tank combined with the pump station has a long water delivery time. 3）The selection of water-saving schemes for similar projects needs to be comprehensively determined in combination with water resource conditions，ship lock throughput capacity requirements，water delivery time，site layout，construction conditions，and project investment.
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