Abstract:The automated container terminal is an inevitable trend for the future development of ports. Nevertheless，it is still exposed to various problems. For example，the high initial construction investment holds back the progress of some small enterprises towards automation，and a single technical route cannot meet the personalized customized service needs of automated container terminals. Moreover，the existing incumbent automation reconstruction technologies for traditional container terminals still demand breakthroughs. Within the context of building a leading transportation and maritime nation in recent years，this paper investigates the worldwide application of various modern technologies，such as automatic control，artificial intelligence，visual computing，and big data，takes industrialization，intelligence，going green，and industrial production as the general development direction for ports，and discusses the development status and trend of automated container terminals from the two aspects of the diversified plane overall layout and the upgrading of new loading and unloading equipment to meet the needs of rapid port construction and high-quality development of automated terminals in China and abroad and to provide references for the construction of projects in this field.

Abstract:Choosing the appropriate overall technical route is the key to the construction of automated container terminals. By sorting out the domestic and foreign current situation of the overall technical routes for the automated container terminals that have been built and are under construction，combining with the development level and trend of automation technology and according to the different in layouts，loading and unloading methods and isolation methods，this paper summarizes four typical overall technical routes for the automated container terminals，and introduces the characteristics and layout methods of various technical routes. Through the comparative analysis of the characteristics of transportation，land depth，storage yard capacity，construction cost and operation cost，this paper gives the applicability suggestions of various overall technical routes，which can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:In response to the country’s requirements for the green development level of ports，the design concept of “sponge city” is integrated into the port construction of the phase IV project of the Nansha port area of Guangzhou Port to create an ecological sponge port. The results reveal that，on the premise of satisfying the drainage capacity of the port，through the construction of concave storage yard，green roof，permeable pavement，concave green space and other sponge engineering measures in the drainage system，it can be used to store，infiltrate and adjust rainwater. The storage function can greatly enhance the flood control and drainage capacity of the port，and the research results can provide a reference for the construction of similar sponge ports.

Abstract:In order to meet the safety and reliability requirements of the future 200，000 DWT container ships entering and leaving the port，berthing and unberthing operation in Qinzhou Port，a ship maneuvering mathematical model is established based on the east channel and the 9# berth in the Dalanping port area. The effective tracks of ships entering and leaving the port and berthing and unberthing are analyzed through model calculation，and the safe navigation conditions of channel and whirling waters are concluded. The analysis results reveal that the current 100，000 DWT two-way navigable channel in the east channel of Qinzhou Port can meet the requirements of one-way navigable channel for 200，000 DWT container ships in the future under level 6 wind conditions，and the channel water depth needs to be further dredged to-16.3 m to ensure that ships can enter or leave the port while taking advantage of the tide. Through the navigation process simulation，it is suggested that when the ship enters the port，the speed of turning from the south section to the Sandun section should be controlled at 9 knots，and the rudder angle suggested to be 15°；while the speed of turning from the Sandun section to the Dalangping section should be controlled at 7 knots，and the rudder angle suggested to be 20°.Under the combination of shore wind and rising tide current，the ship’s departure turning track has an unexpected range，and the scale of turning water area along the flow direction needs to be expanded from 790 m to 1 200 m.

Abstract:The traditional automated container terminal yard is arranged vertically，and high-speed rail-mounted gantry（RMG）cranes are used to horizontally transport containers by symmetrical relays in the yard. In the process，some problems stand out，such as high energy consumption and concentrated and limited interaction points of loading and unloading at the ends. This paper fully studies the current situation and adaptability of the layout of automated container terminals both at home and abroad. Considering the production and operation characteristics and requirements of the automated container terminal in Qinzhou Port，we explore a suitable layout of automated container terminals for Qinzhou Port upon massive research and analysis and put forward an overall design of a “U-shaped vertical layout” for the yard. Supported by simulation data，this design can provide a new model for the determination of the layout of automated container terminals.

Abstract:Conventional interactive operation modes for sending or picking up containers by container trucks outside the port in automated container terminals cannot well adapt to the engineering characteristics of Guangzhou Port and Qinzhou Port，which are newly built automated container terminals. In view of this，this paper fully analyzes the existing interactive operation modes and technical characteristics that are widely used in automatic container terminals，considers the engineering characteristics of Guangzhou Port and Qinzhou Port，and puts forward two novel interactive operation modes featured with centralized interaction on the side of containers and interaction on the side of containers through U-shape access，respectively. In addition，the paper expounds on the key points of the layout arrangement and process design of the two modes. The results show that the new interactive operation modes have positive effects on improving the operating efficiency of their automatic container handling systems and reducing the energy consumption of equipment，which can provide references for the design of automated container terminals with similar characteristics.

Abstract:Compared with traditional container terminals，the existing automated container terminals have a low financial benefit index. In view of this，this paper carries out an in-depth study on the economic and social benefits of automated container terminals. In addition，the paper utilizes qualitative and quantitative analysis to expound on the positive effects of automated container terminals in optimizing working conditions，improving logistics efficiency，leading technological changes，reducing energy consumption，achieving zero carbon emissions，and creating other social and economic benefits. As a result，automated container terminals are of comprehensive and profound significance and will be a development trend of container terminals. As technologies get mature，automated container terminals will gradually show their advantages. Therefore，it is of practical significance to popularize and construct automated container terminals.

Abstract:The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has had a profound impact on the development of ports in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Based on the current development situation，it is estimated that the impact of COVID-19 on ports development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is generally controllable，and the port development will gradually return to normal and even surpass the pre-epidemic level in the later stage. This paper also puts forward some suggestions for the port development in the post-epidemic era，including carrying out epidemic prevention and control scientifically，accelerating the construction of smart ports，and improving the collection and distribution system and extending port service functions.

Abstract:In recent years，Beibu Gulf Port container transportation has developed rapidly，but there are still problems such as insufficient scale level，the structure of foreign trade routes to be optimized，and the limited service capacity for the new western land-sea corridor. The analysis of the development strategy of container transport in Beibu Gulf Port is conducive to improving its development level and promoting it to better serve the national strategy of new western land-sea corridor.On the basis of combing the current situation of container transportation in Beibu Gulf Port，this paper analyzes the advantages，disadvantages，opportunities and challenges by using SWOT method，and puts forward strategic suggestions such as accelerating infrastructure construction，improving the berth structure of container terminals，vigorously opening liner routes，and strengthening the expansion of cargo sources，which will have a reference effect on the development of container transportation of Beibu Gulf Port.

Abstract:The problem that the sea and rail transport are adjacent but not connected or connected but not smoothly connected with the “last kilometer” becomes increasingly prominent as the volume of sea-rail intermodal transport keeps growing. By investigating the automated container terminal in Qinzhou Port，this paper focuses on a design scheme for sea-rail intermodal transport. It explores a new mode providing seamless connection of sea-rail intermodal transport for automated container terminals and describes its design principles，feasibility of the air-track transport system，route planning，main components，and advantages. The results show that the new mode can effectively solve various problems，such as the time-consuming switching link between the two collection and distribution modes of sea and rail，failure to genuinely achieve efficiency and smoothness，influence on the timeliness of sea-rail intermodal transport，and increase in the transport cost.

Abstract:The Phase IV project of Nansha Port Area in Guangzhou Port adopts a new technical scheme for an automated container terminal，which is greatly different from other automatic container terminals in terms of automatic operation mode，loading and unloading operations，selection of horizontal transport equipment，characteristics of collection and distribution，and land area and coastline forms. In view of these，this paper considers the automatic operation process，equipment operation characteristics and traffic organization scheme of the new technical scheme，and analyzes related factors in the general layout of various functional areas in the land area，such as the frontier operation area of the terminal，automatic container yard，maintenance and testing area，office area and gate area. Furthermore，the paper summarizes the key points of the general layout，such as the functional area composition and scale requirements of the technical route of the automated container terminal.

Abstract:The existing elevation design method cannot adapt to automated container terminals with high-value equipment and high-value stacked goods due to the low elevation design standard for the terminal and the landside and the poor anti-waterlogging capacity provided by the elevation design of the yard. To solve the above problem，this paper analyzes the characteristics of the automated horizontal transport equipment and the containerized goods，summarizes the factors considered by the existing elevation design method and the optimization direction for its application to automated container terminals，and proposes an optimal elevation system design method suitable for automated container terminals. The actual case verification shows that the proposed method can effectively improve the flood control standards of the terminal and the landside and the anti-waterlogging capacity of the yard. Moreover，it can reduce the dumping of dredged soil and thereby save the project investment.

Abstract:Regarding the prominent contradictions such as the high energy consumption of high-speed rail cranes in the horizontal transportation of the traditional automated container terminal yard and the concentration of interaction points and the limited number of interaction points，through a large number of in-depth research and special research，a new “U-shaped vertical arrangement” construction mode is proposed，and the mode is successfully applied in the Qinzhou Port automated container terminal. This model breaks through the shackles of traditional automatic container yard loading and unloading at the end，reflects the core design concept of traffic separation，simple interaction，straight in and straight out，and fully adapts to the requirements and operational characteristics of the Qinzhou Port automated container yard under the new situation.

Abstract:Gates are extremely important parts of automated container terminals，which directly affect the overall service level of the terminal，and are the throat fortress connecting the transportation inside and outside the port. For the technical difficulties such as the land transportation ratio of the Qinzhou Port’s automated container terminal as high as 60%，the complex transportation organization and the limited space available for gate layout，we put forward the design concept of split gate shared parking buffer after a lot of research and analysis. We summarize the process flow，design principles，functional settings and layout of the gate，and effectively realize one-stop solution for labor-related business at entry and exit gates which provides a new idea for the layout of automated container terminal gate.

Abstract:The destuffing of container twistlocks is an essential step during the process of container ship loading and unloading at specialized container terminals. The stationary and concentrated container twistlock destuffing technology，commonly used in the automated container handling system adopting the automatic quayside container crane with a single trolley，has a few disadvantages，such as complex traffic organization and low safety and turnover efficiency of traffic flow. On the basis of the Nansha automated container terminal in Guangzhou Port，we put forward a new plan of mobile and concentrated container twistlock destuffing technology and elaborately describe the plan design in terms of the layout and operation process. The new plan uses intelligent equipment scheduling and electronic locking technology to realize the isolation and diversion of people and automated vehicles during container twistlock destuffing，which boasts simple traffic organization and high turnover efficiency of traffic flow. It can provide a reference for the design of container twistlock destuffing technology for similar automated container terminals.

Abstract:The auxiliary technological process of automatic container terminal has the characteristics of low degree of automation and high safety risk. It is a weak link in the production of automated container terminal. Reasonable design of auxiliary technological process is of great significance to improve operation efficiency and safe production. Combined with the construction cases of Guangzhou Nansha phase IV and Qinzhou Dalanping automated container terminals，the similarities and differences of the two auxiliary technological processes are compared and discussed for the key links. The construction practice shows that the auxiliary technological process of the automated container terminal needs to be designed in combination with the overall layout，process equipment and supporting infrastructure.

Abstract:In the case of the automated container terminal project in Qinzhou Port，the current mainstream automated container terminal scheme cannot well adapt to the land area and container operation characteristics of Qinzhou Port. To address this problem，this study proposes a new U-shaped fully automated container terminal scheme and elaborately describes its handling process system. The scheme has good adaptability to the container terminals with large depth of terrain，a high proportion of container collection and distribution by land，and significant characteristics of centralized arrival of container trucks outside the port，which can provide a reference for subsequent similar projects.

Abstract:The conventional deformation calculation method for sheet-pile wharves is the vertical elastic foundation beam method. Since this method does not consider factors such as the nonlinearity of the soil and the historical stress state of the soil，its deformation calculation results often exhibit large deviations. This is especially true with deep-water sheet-pile wharves，where the changes in soil stiffness caused by loading and unloading are non-negligible and thus deserve due consideration in the calculation. Resorting to the numerical simulation method，this study uses three soil constitutive models，namely the Mohr-Coulomb model，the hardening soil model，and the small-strain hardening soil model，to calculate the deformation of a deep-water steel pipe sheet-pile wharf in Nansha District，Guangzhou and compares the results with the measured data. The results show that the small-strain hardening soil model achieves high calculation accuracy and can serve as a reference for similar projects.

Abstract:Corrosion of steel structure has always been a difficulty in the design of steel structures in offshore port areas. At present，there are few systematic studies on the anti-corrosion application of steel structures in offshore port area. Based on the reconstruction project of a automated container terminal in Dalanping，Qinzhou，this paper studies the common anti-corrosion technologies of steel structures near the port area，and analyzes the anti-corrosion principles，performance differences，anti-corrosion effects and applicable scenarios of various steel structure anti-corrosion technologies. Moreover，combined with the project，the economic and technical comparison of the coating anti-corrosion system is carried out，the technical scheme most in line with the anti-corrosion design for main steel structures near the harbor area is put forward. Through the implementation verification of the project，it is found that the adopted anti-corrosion design scheme has a good effect，which provides a reference for similar projects.

Abstract:In order to discuss the stress and deformation characteristics of the corner segment in sheet pile wharfs，this paper studies a Z-type steel sheet pile wharf in Guangzhou Nansha Port. In addition，the paper adopts a hardening soil model with small strain as the soil constitutive model，establishes three spatial numerical models including the standard segment，the inner corner segment，and the outer corner segment of the sheet pile wharf by international large-scale finite element software，and analyzes the internal force and displacement distribution characteristics of the front wall，anchor tie，and anchor wall through comparison. The calculation results show that：1）The bending moment and displacement of the front wall，the tension force of the anchor tie，and the displacement of the anchor wall of the corner segment in Z-type steel sheet pile wharf are all smaller than those of the standard segment. 2）According to the calculation results of the standard segment，the design of the corner segment is conservative and can be optimized.

Abstract:The quality defects exist in the traditional design of the port outdoor pipeline project，such as wide land occupation，much excavation，easy damage to pipelines，poor maintenance of pipelines and ditches and wells in the later stage. The traditional scheme will have a serious impact on the operation efficiency and personnel safety of the automatic container. We introduce the design concept of“unified planning，unified construction and unified management”of the urban utility tunnel，put forward the combining the characteristics of the layout and pipeline distribution of the storage yard of the automated container terminal general design scheme of the utility tunnel for the port combining with the characteristics of the layout and pipeline distribution of the storage yard of the automated container terminal，and verify the scheme by engineering cases. The results show that the proposed scheme can effectively save land resources，and it is also convenient for later management and maintenance.

Abstract:The apron operation area is the busiest area for loading and unloading operations in the container terminal. The overall stability of the site is one of the important factors to ensure the operation efficiency of the port. For automated container terminals，it is also the main factor to reduce the maintenance cost of intelligent equipment. However，in the container terminal with gravity structure，there are two common quality problems in the apron operation area，one is the phenomenon of ‘sag’ in the area between the two rails of the quay crane，and the other is the phenomenon of ‘protruding’ of the land side rail of the quay crane. In recent years，with the transformation of transportation construction from pursuing speed and scale to focusing on quality and efficiency，the application of surcharge preloading technology provides more verification data of the compact settlement of the rock mound，and can also better solve the series of quality problems，such as the disturbance of visual sensing of the automated horizontal transportation equipment caused by the accumulation of water，and the jumping of the horizontal transportation equipment on the land side rail of the quay crane.

Abstract:In the structural design of domestic gravity wharfs，due to the limitations of traditional structural analysis software，it is impossible to better measure the horizontal displacement of the wharf under the normal service limit state，so it is impossible to evaluate the impact of uneven horizontal displacement on the operation of front loading and unloading equipment，resulting in ‘rail gnawing’ and other phenomena. In this paper，general finite element software PLAXIS 3D is used to conduct overall three-dimensional spatial modeling analysis of the gravity wharf，the analysis method for measuring its uneven horizontal displacement is given. In combination with the limit value requirements for horizontal displacement in the production and operation of wharf apron handling equipment in the European code，the rail installation method and guarantee measures in the construction of automatic wharfs are discussed，which solves the common quality problems such as ‘rail gnawing’，and provides a reliable guarantee for cost reduction and efficiency increase during the production and operation of the port area.

Abstract:Automated Rail Mounted Gantry（ARMG）is adopted in the Guangzhou Port Nansha phase IV，and ARMG has higher requirements for foundation. Due to the large thickness of undisturbed soft soil，the foundation treated with large-area vacuum preloading cannot meet the requirements for use，and secondary treatment of the rail foundation is required. Combined with the geological condition and the use requirements of ARMG，through the comparison of selection of plans，the composite foundation of cement mixing piles is used for the secondary foundation treatment of the rail. The reinforced concrete foundation beam structure + the composite foundation of cement mixing piles is adopted in the yard area rail foundation. The reinforced concrete rail slab structure + cement mixing pile composite foundation is adopted in the rail foundation in the crossing section. The reinforced concrete foundation beam + cement mixing pile composite foundation scheme can meet the use requirements of the rail with low cost and small differential settlement in the crossing section.

Abstract:Due to the integrity，differential settlement，engineering cost，and other reasons，the breast wall structure in large sheet pile wharfs requires a long segment，whose length often breaks through the upper limit as stipulated in standards. In view of the extra-long breast wall structure used in the Nansha Phase IV wharf project of Guangzhou Port，this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element calculation model of the breast wall and considers the influence of concrete shrinkage and environmental temperature change during the calculation. The calculation results show that the structural internal force of the breast wall with a 100 m segment is much stronger than that of the common wall，and the displacement and internal force of the breast wall show different changing trends. The breast wall structure with a 100 m segment has achieved positive results in the Nansha Phase IV wharf project of Guangzhou Port.

Abstract:In view of the problems existing in the reinforcement binding and installation process while prefabricating traditional gravity caissons，this study innovates a new assembly and installation technology of prefabricated reinforcement sections for a large caisson. The technology can effectively reduce the hoisting times of lifting equipment，improve the qualification rate of the protective layer thickness of reinforcement，and eliminate the safety risk of reinforcement insertion in the air. The installation technology has been successfully applied to Berths No. 9 and 10 in Dalanping of Qinzhou Port，promoting the development of caisson prefabrication toward mechanization，intelligence，and assembly. The application results reveal that the assembly and installation technology of prefabricated reinforcement sections for caissons has great advantages in quality，safety，efficiency，and benefits.

Abstract:When traditional backfill materials are used for sheet pile wharfs，due to the self-weight of the backfill is heavy，it is easy to cause large vertical settlement of the wharf and large horizontal displacement of the front wall，which is not conducive to the overall stability of the wharf structure. In view of the above problems，a new material，foamed mixture lightweight soil is used as backfill material. The spatial three-dimensional model of sheet pile wharf structure and soil is constructed by PLAXIS 3D finite element software. The mechanical properties of the structure using the backfilling materials of foamed mixture lightweight soil and medium coarse sand on the upper part of the sheet pile wharf are calculated respectively. Through the comparative analysis of the results，it can be seen that when the upper part of the sheet pile wharf is backfilled with foamed mixture lightweight soil，there is a certain degree of reduction of the front wall bending moment，displacement and the pull rod tension，the overall stability and safety of the wharf is increased，which can provide a reference for similar engineering construction.

Abstract:Taking the 200，000 ton automated container terminal as an example，this paper uses the large-scale general finite element software to model the caisson and the large cylinder structure as a whole，and to model the superstructure separately，meanwhile，it studies the characteristics of the front toe stress and the internal force of the breast wall under the combined load. The research results reveal that the base bed of the front toe of the large cylinder dock has large stress and uneven distribution，while the base bed of the square caisson dock has little stress and relatively uniform distribution. The chest wall of the large cylinder dock has a large span and a large bending moment of the cantilever，while the chest wall of the square caisson dock has a small bending moment and the overall distribution is relatively uniform. For large gravity docks，the square caisson structure is more rationally stressed than the large cylinder structure.

Abstract:Utility tunnel is a new design idea for laying underground pipelines in cities in the past 10 years. However，its application in port engineering is relatively rare. The port project has a unique layout. The pipeline types，foundation conditions，loads，ground facilities，and interactive nodes in the site are very different from those of urban utility tunnel. The structural design conditions are very complex. In view of the above problems，in the utility tunnel design of Guangzhou Port Nansha Phase 4 Project，combined with the characteristics of the automated container terminal，the load conditions，settlement requirements and so onare studied. Then the optimization design ideas of multi-functional cover section and the gradient composite foundation are proposed. Through the above optimization design ideas，the utility tunnel structure design suitable for automated container terminals has been completed，which effectively solves the problem of pipeline integration. The structural design experience described in this paper has certain reference significance for the structural design of the utility tunnel of subsequent automated container terminals.

Abstract:The rail foundation is critical to the safe and efficient operation of automated container stack yards in port areas. Taking an actual project as example，the advantages and disadvantages of the pile foundation rail beam scheme and the composite foundation rail beam scheme are compared in this paper. For the PHC pile foundation rail beam scheme，the finite element modeling of SAP2000 is used to analyze the stress of the track beam foundation under different combinations of pile diameters，pile spacing and beam sections，and the pile based track beam scheme with the maximum utilization rate of the pile foundation bearing capacity is obtained by comparison and selection.

Abstract:Automated container terminals possess many water and electricity pipelines，and traditional pipeline laying method of port cannot satisfy automatic，unmanned and intensive demands of the pipeline laying in automated container terminals due to occupying large port areas，inconvenient maintenance，poor resistance to uneven settlement，etc. By analyzing the differences between utility tunnel in the port area and utility tunnel in the city area，we put forward the utility tunnel design sections in automated container terminals combining the application of the utility tunnel in the Nansha phase IV project of Guangzhou Port and automated container terminal project of Qinzhou Port. The results show that the single cabin structure form is convenient to open，which is the most applicable section form to the utility tunnel in the port engineering. This form also has strong adaptability to the areas with many pipelines and limited land use，such as general port areas，industrial zones，urban village reconstruction，etc.

Abstract:Port roads in automated container terminals are different from those in traditional container terminals in terms of use requirements and process conditions，and they have special requirements for pavement structures. Based on the characteristics of pavement structures of port roads in automated container terminals，this paper analyzes the stress requirements of the pavement structures，traffic channelization，and special positioning requirements for intelligent guided vehicles（IGVs）and adopts methods such as the adaptability analysis of pavement types，avoidance treatment of magnetic spikes，traffic marking treatment，flatness treatment，and calculation and analysis of pavement structures under IGV loads，so as to meet the use requirements for port roads in automated container terminals and provide references for their designs.

Abstract:The pavement structure scheme of the container yard is one of the key points in the design of the road and storage yard. According to the container yard heap of fixed-point piled up the law of the box area，and at the same time for automated requirements rail foundation of post-construction settlement amount shall be coordinated with corner foundation，the demand of corner foundation post-construction settlement is high，we propose the reasonable scheme of automated terminal container yard. Taking Qinzhou automated terminal as an example，we introduce the design essentials of container yard pavement and corner foundation，compare PHC pile foundation scheme and composite foundation scheme with different pile diameters，apply the finite element software to calculate the container corner foundation scheme in detail，compare the safety and economy of the structural scheme by item，and select the best scheme. The scheme can be used for references for the similar projects.

Abstract:Through the current domestic and foreign assembly theory and application case studies，it is found that the research and application of fully assembled structure in the light tower structure is rare. Based on the reconstruction project of a container automated terminal in Dalanping，Qinzhou，the structural system of the fully assembled steel light tower is studied. Firstly，the steel structure prefabricated building technology is summarized. Secondly，the selection of light tower structure system is analyzed. Thirdly，the main structural connections of fully assembled structure are studied. Finally，the installation process of fully assembled steel light tower structure is described. Through theoretical research and project application，it is concluded that the fully assembled steel structure light tower has better economic benefit，shortens the construction period，facilitates factory operations，and has good environmental protection effect. It is suitable for projects with tight construction period and high environmental protection requirements，and provides reference for similar projects.

Abstract:The prestressed concrete double-T plates have been gradually popularized and used in industrial structures，but relevant experience summary on their designs is few. Based on the engineering practice of automated wharfs in Qinzhou 7# and 8# berths，this paper introduces some key issues regarding the design and application of double T plates in the maintenance shop of port engineering and matters needing attention during the construction. The results show that the variable cross-section slop and bearing types of double T plates have a great influence on the design of the lower structure. Therefore，it is necessary to pay attention to the design and recheck the reinforcement of supporting beams under double T plates. Furthermore，it is suggested that the Drawing Collection for National Building Standard Design add details of double T plates with a span of above 24 m，so as to make double T plates widely applied.

Abstract:In view of the continuous operation of the automated container terminal business and the high requirements of the terminal for the reliability，security，delay，and manageability of the computer system，this paper discusses the application of the hyper-converged infrastructure（HCI）of the server virtualization platform for the automated container terminal. Then，it proposes an HCI means of integrating software and hardware to manage and schedule storage，computing，and network resources in the terminal data center to further meet the requirements of performance，security，scalability，and manageability. On the basis of the fully automated container terminal project in Guangzhou Port，this paper introduces the network architecture，computing resources，storage resources，platform data backup，as well as virtualization software and hardware applications of the server virtualization platform. Through the application of platform technology，the availability and disaster recovery performance of the production system in the port are greatly improved.

Abstract:To verify the rationality of the design of the Qinzhou Port’s fully automated container terminal handling process system，we simulate and analyze the whole production status，equipment configuration and traffic organization of the terminal，and conducte sensitivity studies on the configuration of automated horizontal transportation equipment and charging facilities.The results show that the design and layout of the terminal handing process system are basically reasonable，and the handing efficiency of the container terminal can be further improved by appropriately adding horizontal transportation equipment. The simulation analysis and conclusion can provide some reference for the terminal construction and subsequent operation.

Abstract:Automatic guided vehicles（AGVs）which adopt magnetic nail navigation and positioning technologies face limitations in their applications in container terminals arranged in parallel in yards. Taking the Nansha Phase IV project of automated container terminals in Guangzhou Port as an example，this paper analyzes the technical characteristics and advantages of new intelligent guided vehicles（IGVs）which are equipped with positioning technologies featured with satellite and inertia navigation and multiple sensor fusion，and it expounds on the main design points of terminal infrastructure related to positioning and navigation，energy supplement，and maintenance of IGVs. Therefore，the paper can provide a reference for the design and construction of similar automated container terminals.

Abstract:At present，the automated container terminals that have been built or are under construction in the world are mostly in the relatively mature layout mode of “double-trolley automatic quay crane + vertical yard arrangement end-side handling”，while the traditional layout mode of “single-trolley automatic quay crane + horizontal yard layout with side handling” is extremely rare. When there is no sufficient space between the container yard and the side，the operation mode of “ single-trolley automatic quay crane + IGV under-crane handling + horizontal yard layout with side handling ” can improve the efficiency of collaborative operation between single-trolley quay crane and IGV at the same time.The quay handling process flow and IGV traffic organization scheme，the key points of the logic behind the process flow which is adapted by each level of the system，the operation specification process and the key precautions are put forward to ensure that the automation operation is orderly，stable and efficient.

Abstract:In view of the problems of cumbersome business processing process of the manual gates for traditional container terminals，the low efficiency of passing vehicles，the high error rate，and the higher traffic efficiency proposed by the increasing number of inbound and outbound trucks at the gates，we conduct the research of the application of automated container terminal intelligent gate control system and traditional artificial gate control system. Combining with the project of the automated container terminal at 7# and 8# berths in Dalanping，Qinzhou，we obtain a set of intelligent gates suitable for automated container terminals by introducing the software and hardware system composition of the intelligent gate and comparing the intelligent gate and the traditional artificial gate. The results show that the application of the multi-level intelligent gate form is beneficial to improve the operating efficiency of the gate，and the selection of modular equipment can improve the efficiency of design，installation and operation and maintenance.

Abstract:Magnetic nails serve as a key component enabling the autonomous driving of an intelligent guided vehicle（IGV）in automated container terminals and will greatly affect the autonomous driving of the IGV if they are interfered by an external magnetic field. In order to mitigate the interference of the electromagnetic field generated by cables on magnetic nails，this paper analyzes the generating mechanism of the electromagnetic field in terms of design and material selection and proposes measures such as optimizing the cable selection to enhance the cable shielding effect，increasing the laying distance between the cables and magnetic nails to mitigate the interference of the magnetic field，strengthening the grounding and envelope at the top of the cables to achieve the electromagnetic shielding，and employing reasonable cabling technology to weaken the magnetic field strength of the cables. These measures can effectively mitigate the interference of the electromagnetic field generated by the cables on magnetic nails and make the autonomous driving of the IGV not affected.

Abstract:Automated container terminals characterized by high efficiency and high automation have stricter field personnel management and zone division of the port area than those of traditional container terminals. As one of the important remote control and security facilities of terminals，video monitoring systems should develop and upgrade along with the terminals to meet their automation requirements. Taking the container automation reconstruction project at the 7# and 8# berths in the Dalanping South Operation Zone of Qinzhou Port as an example，this paper starts with the layout，loading and unloading process，zone division，and other characteristics of automated container yards and expounds the design essentials of video monitoring systems for automated container terminals from the aspects of monitoring scope，layout principle，equipment selection，and installation location. The results can provide references for the design of video monitoring systems for similar terminals.

Abstract:For large-area foundation treatment sites with uneven spatial distribution of soft soil layers and large thickness differences，3D geological model has been built and contour map of the soft soil thickness has been drawn by Civil 3D，which is a more intuitive way to display the distributions of the soft soils. According to the settlement calculation results of typical borehole with different soft soil thickness，and giving consideration to both treatment effect and construction cost，three different foundation treatment schemes have been adopted for the soft soils of different thickness：no plug-in board and no piling，plug-in board without piling，plug-in board and piling.In addition，the software Civil 3D is used to calculate the quantities of surcharge preloading material and realize the refinement of the ground treatment process through 3D modeling，which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of large computation and insufficient calculation accuracy of the method of section. It is a reference for the fine design of foundation treatment for the land-forming project of the automated container stack yard.

Abstract:With the rapid development of BIM（building information modelling）technology，the value of digital application of engineering projects has been continuously explored.Regarding the characteristics of the loading and unloading process and layout of the Qinzhou automated terminal project，BIM technology is applied to the whole process of the project’s loading and unloading process expression，and the immersive experience based on the simulation of the loading and unloading process of the automated container terminal is realized by focusing on the virtual reality technology. Virtual reality technology can not only assist in scheme optimization and comparison，but also dynamically experience the complete loading and unloading process from ship berthing to container shipping，fully demonstrating the characteristics of the terminal’s automation，unmannedness and intelligence. Its successful application is a new combination of trend technology and production projects，which is conducive to improve the design quality and multi-party interaction of the project.

Abstract:The design of automated container terminals requires knowledge of various disciplines，high accuracy，short project cycle，and BIM digital delivery. In terms of these problems，this paper utilizes the Qinzhou 7#-10# automated container terminal project to apply the BIM technology in the design stage and optimize the design scheme. Furthermore，based on a three-dimensional visual scene and digital results，the paper deeply explores the application value of BIM and presents the loading and unloading process of the automated terminal by three-dimensional simulation. At the same time，as the owner requires a BIM application in the whole life cycle of the project，the paper takes the segmentation and coding requirements of BIM application in the construction stage into account in the design stage，which promotes the implementation of BIM technology in the whole life cycle of the project and the exchange of engineering information. This paper explores a set of effective technical routes and solutions for BIM design and application in automated container terminals，which can provide a practical reference for the application and promotion of BIM technology in similar projects.

Abstract:The construction process of automated container terminal projects is exposed to problems such as a large project volume，complex comprehensive pipeline networks underground，many cross working planes，great interference，and difficult construction management. On the basis of the project example of Berths No. 9 and 10 in the southern operation area of the Dalangping Port Area，Qinzhou Port，this paper explores the application of “BIM + smart sites” in the construction stage and excavates the application advantages of such characteristics of BIM technology as visualization，simulation，and parameterization. The results indicate that the application of BIM technology in scheme simulation and technical disclosure in the construction stage，the intelligent caisson production management system，and the intelligent site system can effectively improve the information management level of the safety，quality，schedule，and cost control in engineering construction. Thus，BIM technology can promote the transformation and upgrading of port construction to intelligence.

Abstract:Regarding the problems existing in the pipe sheet combination design for automated wharfs，such as multiple foundation intersections，difficulty in modeling pile foundation，changes in pile length with geological changes，lack of model attribute fields，and difficulty in pile foundation coding，a 3D design and extended application of steel sheet pile combination based on BIM Technology is carried out. We use the method of collaborative design and the method of secondary development of modular programming tools in the software to achieve some functions，such as conflict checking of pile foundations，batch creation of models，real-time correction of pile lengths，external drive addition of pile foundation properties，and classification supplement of pile foundations base coding，etc. In this way，the intersection between foundations and design errors can be reduced，the efficiency of 3D design and the use value of 3D models can be improved，and the application of BIM technology in the combined design of automated wharf pipe sheets is more valuable.