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Abstract:We apply four interpolation methods including linear interpolation,Hermit interpolation,cubic spline interpolation and trigonometric function interpolation to extend the high and low tide data of different tidal types in Chinese coast to hourly data,verify them by the hourly data of the tidal tables,and compare the errors of results of different interpolation methods from the perspectives of hourly data error analysis,harmonic parameter analysis and project tidal levels (including design water levels and tide riding water levels).The results show that for the error of hourly data，all the four methods results have a relative big error in the diurnal tide sea area of Beibu Gulf,but for other stations,the Hermit interpolation method is the best,followed by the trigonometric function interpolation method.For harmonic parameter and project tidal levels,the Hermit interpolation and trigonometric are better than other methods.

Abstract:Far from the mainland,far-sea islands and reefs often lack basic surveying and mapping data,thus trans-sea elevation transfering is a difficult problem in the construction of offshore islands and reefs.Aiming at this problem,combining with an engineering case abroad,the theodolite dip method,GPS leveling method and synchronous mean sea level method are discussed,and the principles,calculation methods and applicable conditions of different methods are analyzed.The results show that the synchronous mean sea level method is simple,accurate and reliable for transfering trans-sea elevation of far-sea islands and reefs with the same tidal properties,and can be used as the preferred method for similar projects.

Abstract:In order to promote the application of LNG as inland river vessels fuel,it is necessary to speed up the layout planning of inland river LNG fueling stations.In this paper,the method of layout planning for inland river LNG fueling station is studied.Based on the experience of port layout planning and LNG filling station design,the ideas and methods of layout planning of inland river LNG fueling station are proposed.The need to determine the size of the fueling station and spatial layout planning are included.And this paper takes the inland river in Guangdong Province as an example to study the layout planning.The method proposed in this paper can provide reference for the layout planning for domestic river LNG fueling station.The layout planning achievements can play a guiding role in the construction of the inland river LNG fueling stations.

Abstract:Wind load is the main control factor for ship mooring,so it is necessary to study the calculation of wind load acting on ship.In view of the calculation formulas and parameter values of the wind load acting on ship in the current water transport industry specification,we apply the method of theoretical deduction based on the basic expressions of wind load,analyze the parameters such as air density,variation coefficient of wind pressure height,ground roughness and windage area of ship combining with the adjustment of natural condition,and obtain the theoretical calculation formulas and suggestions.The results can provide references for revision of some parameters in the specification and engineering design.

Abstract:Port activities and urban activities can both promote each other and restrict each other.The land transportation system carrying both activities is crucial to the development of the port city. Based on the development examples of domestic and international port-cities,and studying the spatial expansion mode of the port-city,we find that the problem of transportation system constraints is widespread in the rising stage of the port-city,and the key influential factors are obtained as follows:1)the matching between the traffic demand hierarchy and the traffic diversion of the transport system;2)the coordination of traffic system and land use layout;3)the matching between the port size and the number of transport channels.Combining with the case analysis,we carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses.

Abstract:Under the guidance of “the Belt and Road” initiative,Chinese enterprises accelerated the pace of overseas terminal investment and contributed to the“China Program”for the global port development.However,the international terminal investment is a highly market-oriented field.It is a complex system and the investment risk should not be underestimated.This paper will summarize the experience and lessons of overseas terminal investment of Chinese enterprises with the guidance of“value investment under the premise of risk control”.According to the principle of systematicness,typicality,operability and comprehensiveness,and from five dimensions including the business environment,market potential,competition situation,country value and investor advantages,we construct an overseas terminal investment layout decision-making index system,which is composed of twenty-three core indicators in three levels,based on AHP (analytic hierarchy process),hoping to provide decision-making reference for overseas investment layout for Chinese enterprises.

Abstract:With the implementation of the“The Belt and Road”initiative,more and more overseas port and park conceptual design projects have sprung up in recent years.In the process of design and practice of such projects,problems such as lack of data of bathymetric chart,topographic map,natural hydrology and population economy are often encountered,which brings great difficulties to the design work.In view of the above problems,this paper summarizes,analyses,collects and collates the data of bathymetric and topography,natural hydrology and population economy available through open channels,and gives the nature,source and use of the data.It is suggested to establish a special database,purchase professional software and establish a perfect design consultation process in order to better complete the conceptual design of overseas projects.

Abstract:The development of global shipping creates a transit port,which serves the surrounding areas and ocean transportation in the form of transshipment goods.They occupy an important position in the global trade and transportation system,and have formed a distinct characteristic pattern.On the basis of the forming factors and classification studies of the transfer port,we summarize the development pattern and characteristics of the global transit port,and probe into the development trend of the future transfer port in different regions.The research shows that the current global shipping pattern focuses on the Asia-Pacific region,the international transit ports mainly distribute in the Far East-Western Europe-North America main routes,and the key location is easy to lead to the emergence of transit ports.At the same time,the future development of regional transit ports will change with the deepening development of economic globalization and international trade,and will be affected significantly by the enlargement of ships,soft service environment,etc.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the force acting on the bridge by incremental launching method has great differences between construction stage and operation stage,combining with the engineering experience of incremental launching bridge with corrugated steel webs by high strength and large diameter steel strands,we summarize systematically the advantages of this type steel strands,the method of strand arrangement,anchorage calculation,anchorage design,and pre-stressed multi-release process in jacking bridge.The results show that the use of large diameter steel strand with high strength in some specific bridges can effectively solve the problems of structural safety and construction convenience under various working conditions,and save materials.It can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:The development of urban comprehensive project has a lot of public service functions of urban life and industrial development.Good internalexternal transportation conditions can benefit service level of city complex.In project of urban complex development for the western start-up zone of Shunde hi-tech district,based on the analysis of the existing internalexternal transportation and existing road network plan,and aiming at the traffic problems such as the poor connection between the park and Fojiang expressway,the great interference of the main road to residential land,and the high elevation of the main entrance node planning affects traffic problems such as surrounding land development,we propose the optimized plan during project planning stage,which makes the internalexternal transportation more convenient,realizes a win-win situation between infrastructure construction and commercial development,and produces higher economic and social benefits,and it may serve as reference for similar urban comprehensive development projects.

Abstract:The influence of crown beam on the deformation of retaining structure of cantilever row piles under different conditions is analyzed by means of combination of numerical analysis and field monitoring.The results show that crown beam can improve the deformation restraint of cantilever row pile retaining structure significantly.With the increase of excavation depth of foundation pit,the restraint effect of crown beam becomes more and more significant.When excavation reaches a certain depth,the deformation of enclosure structure must be controlled by setting crown and beam.After the setting of crown beam restraint,the deformation of retaining structure is more sensitive to the shape change foundation pit,and the restraint effect of crown beam is more significant in arc foundation pit.

Abstract:Bullnose has a good effect on reducing overtopping,but there are differences in the calculation methods given by the documents and specifications. According to the experimental results of three-dimensional wave model by domestic and foreign scholars,the relevant codes and documents,combining with the physical model test of practical engineering,we analyze and compare various calculation methods of mean wave overtopping on vertical breakwater with bullnose. The results show that the EurOtop method has wide applicability and gives close results to the experimental values. The CEM formula is simple and has conservative results.It can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:The construction of the seawater projects across channel will occupy the navigation channel,thus the temporary channel shall be set up to reduce the influence on vessel navigation by project construction.Up to present,there is not a design regulation for the temporary channel.The design vessel,width,center line,depth and aids to navigation of the temporary channel are discusses.The temporary Longguxi channel of island and tunnel,Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge transforms 4 times during the whole construction.The design key technical data of the temporary channel and plan of aids to navigation are determined by special demonstration and expert discussion,and the feasibility of which has been proved feasible in the practical operation.It is shown that we should not design the temporary channel based completely on the requirement to the normal channel,but should integrate it with the construction plan,vessel dispatch and site supervision.

Abstract:We apply the hydrodynamic analysis package MIKE21 based on the third-generation wave model to calculate and evaluate the time and spatial distribution of waves in the offshore of Fujian Province from 2014 to 2016.The results show that the average power density of wave energy in Fujian offshore range is from 1.8 kWm to 8 kWm.Because of the shelter of Taiwan island,the wave height and wave period in the central part of the Taiwan Strait are relatively small,and the wave energy density is small, from 4.2 kWm to 4.8 kWm.The wave energy density in the northern part of the Taiwan Strait increases to 7 kWm in open water.The average wave energy density in the southern part of the strait is close to 8 kWm.Therefore,the location of wave power station is firstly suggested to be located in Pingtan sea area in the northern Taiwan Strait,where the wave energy is relatively large,the water depth is relatively ideal,and the spatial and temporal distribution is relatively stable.

Abstract:With the increase of the extreme weather,port construction conditions become harsh,and the sloping revetment already built cannot form a safe shelter for the dangerous cargo pipe gallery built consequently.This paper demonstrates the moisture-resistance,wave protection and overtopping standards for the sloping revetment,calculates the crest elevation of the sloping revetment using the standard formula,studies the overtopping volume,the wave overtopping surface curve,the location of wave overtopping and the wave force based on the physical model test of the cross-section,analyzes the influence of overtopping on the dangerous cargo pipe gallery behind the sloping revetment,and proposes the construction options of the dangerous cargo pipe gallery,in which the crest elevation of sloping revetment cannot meet the control standard of the wave overtopping.

Abstract:Focusing on the key points of the influence from the West Artificial Islands of Hanbantota Port phase II project in Sri Lanka on the beach evolution or siltation,and on the wave of the breakwater entrance area,we carry out a comprehensive research based on site beach survey and section measurement data,and combining with satellite remote sensing data,coastal sediment transport calculation and model test study.The results show that the impact of the West Artificial Island on the beach is only limited to the west side of the sediment barrier；it will enlarge the wave height on the entrance area of the breakwater by 5%～10%,without affecting the safety of ships navigating in and out of the port;and it can reduce the siltation of the entrance channel outside the breakwater entrance appropriately.The research results may serve as reference for designing and constructing harbor building such as artificial islands on large-scale sandy shores.

Abstract:The construction of engineering projects cannot be separated from the support of a large number of geotechnical test data.In the conventional indoor geotechnical test methods,tri-axial shear test is a very important method to test the shear strength of rock and soil.Pressure source microcomputer servo system is a precision water pressure generator controlled by computer and driven by stepper motor.It is mainly used for precise control and measurement of confining pressure,back pressure and volume change in tri-axial tests.It can also be used as an independent constant pressure source to replace conventional indoor geotechnical test pressure sources such as weights,air compressors and seepage head,etc.The comparative test results show that the performance of the pressure source microcomputer servo system is stable,and the measurement accuracy of pressure and volume changes in tri-axial shear test is improved.It has the characteristics of high automation,high sensitivity and fast response.

Abstract:In order to solve the problem that the solution stability and convergence are influenced by time step selection in solving consolidation equation by typical finite difference method,aiming at the solution of one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic consolidation equation with non-constant consolidation coefficient,we put forward a numerical solution with time discretization by precise integration method,derive the solving process of this method in detail,and compare the precise integration solution with the typical finite difference solution combining with engineering example.The results show that the precise integration method is not limited by the time step size,and has good accuracy and numerical stability.

Abstract:The mechanical,electrical and plumbing（MEP）in the artificial island of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge have many types and large number,meanwhile the net height requirements are strict and the project construction period is short.We apply Revit software to deepen the design of MEP of this project,establish the professional BIM models.Through the design process such as model linking,collision checking and pipeline adjustment,we draw the nodes plan,section and 3D drawings with BIM characteristics.By deepening the design work,it satisfies the requirements of the net height,improves the aesthetics of the MEP layout,reduces the number of design changes,and promotes the project to be successfully completed on schedule and by quality.

Abstract:Aiming at the safety and stability of ship loading and unloading operation in harbor basin,we analyze and obtain the dynamic response amplitude operator of 14 000 TEU container ship under coupled action of ship and wharf structure by the panel method analysis program AQWA based on potential flow theory.On this basis,we apply the actual wave condition of the front of the wharf berth,and obtain the responses of 14 000 TEU container ship motion quantity and cable tension force under the designed mooring scheme.The results show that the rolling period of 14 000 TEU container ship is larger,so it is different from medium and long period wave(12~18 s) existed in the harbor,which is difficult to cause a large dynamic response of the ship.The results of calculation and analysis in this paper are in good agreement with the model test results,and have strong engineering reference significance.

Abstract:Nowadays,more and more old wharf need to be deepening and strengthening to meet the requirement of large ship displacement due to their service life or business development,but the space for updating is limited.Therefore,it is necessary to study the structural type of narrow and long wharf with limited space.This paper analyzed the geological change and the limitation of the original design scheme in one project,combining with the trial pile,and adjusted the design from elevated pile and beam-slab structure into pier platform structure.Theoretical calculation and construction results show that this design optimization can adapt to the complex geology of narrow and long structure,and it has reference significance for similar reconstruction projects.

Abstract:In view of the characteristics of the harbor container terminal with a barge harbor and combining with the needs of the construction and development of the fully automated container terminal,we propose innovatively the layout scheme for the fully automated container terminal,in which,the container yard is arranged horizontally to the quay line.Introducing the artificial intelligence driving and satellite navigation technology into the smart driving transport vehicle to replace the traditional container trucks,this overall layout is applicable to the transportation of the river and sea intermodal loading & unloading,and realizes the automation of the port area,reduces the construction and operation costs,and serves as reference for the automation upgrading of the existing terminals in China.

Abstract:Gwadar Port of Pakistan is the flagship project of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the only seaport in the western part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.Based on the analysis of the status quo and development advantages of Gwadar Port,and combining with the development planning of the port’s hinterland and the development trend of the industry,we propose that Gwadar Port is the seaport of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,the fulcrum of the economic development of the western part of Pakistan,the Pakistan’s important port,the seaport of the five countries of Central Asia,the trade center adjacent to the Middle East.Combining with the urban planning and getting the point of developing the tourism and leisure functions of the West Bay and developing the city services and industrial-related functions of the East Bay,we put forward suggestions on the port development.

Abstract:Analyzing the status of African ports can provide reference for Chinese enterprises to participate in the investment,construction and operation of African ports.This paper summarizes the development characteristics and defects of African ports and forecasts the development trend.Compared with other regions in the world,the share of African ports in the total scale of global maritime trade is relatively low.The development of African ports is based on loading,unloading,warehousing and other basic & traditional services.With the overall stability of the global economy and trade,African economy and industry will maintain stable growth in the long run.In the future,the investment and construction demand of African ports is still strong,the importance of each port will continue to change,the PPC mode and inland logistics network construction will accelerate.

Abstract:For oil terminals with multiple berths,the back-to-back layout and shared working platforms can reduce the repeated construction of mooring dolphins,breasting dolphins & working platforms,so as to maximize the use of plane space and significantly reduce the project cost.Taking the project KOT oil terminal in Mombasa,Kenya as a study case,we discuss the site selection,layout form of the terminal,arrangement of the shared platform,mooring arrangement,etc.,and provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:In view of the differences between Chinese and Indonesia seismic design specification,we compare the parameters of design earthquake,site classification and design acceleration response spectrum.The results show that the horizontal length of Indonesia specification acceleration response spectrum curve is longer than that of Chinese specification in macroseismic area,and the peak value of acceleration response spectrum curve is larger than that of maximum seismic fortification intensity in Chinese specification.Basing on a high-pile wharf project,we analyze the differences of seismic effect in different specifications of the same site soil by ANSYS software and response spectrum method of mode decomposition,which can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:For the safety distance between the anchorage of sea port and structures or subsea pipeline and cable,we investigate the management department of anchorage around coastlines in China,compare the stipulations in codes concerning the safety distance of the anchorage arrangement of both China and foreign countries,and carry out a comprehensive analysis of the report about the anchor breaking accidents happened combining with the ship handling simulation test.As a result,we get the suggestive value of the safety distance between the sea port anchorage and the buildings,structures,and subsea cable pipelines,which provides a basis for the sea port anchorage design.

Abstract:Based on the project of the mineral berth in Bethioua，Algeria，this paper introduces the design methods of Antifer cube,which is widely used as the armor block of rubble mound breakwater in the Mediterranean area.Aiming at the local instability of Antifer protective block at the junction of vertical breakwater and rabble mound breakwater during the three-dimensional physical model test of the project,through observing the phenomena of model test and analyzing the damage characteristics of similar breakwater,it is concluded that the main reasons leading to the instability of the armor block at the joint are the increase of concentrated wave height at the joint,the strong impact of partial wave breaking and the decrease of friction between the blocks at the joint.The methods of reasonable arrangement of breakwater direction,increasing the quality of protective armor block,reducing slope and laying submerged breakwater are put forward to ensure the stability of protective armor block at connection,which can provide reference for similar engineering design.

Abstract:Based on the dry construction condition of the Hambantota Port Development Project Phase II,we propose a new type of buttress caisson,and study the function,calculation mode,mechanical characteristics and calculation results of each component of the structure.Adopting software ANSYS,we obtain the internal forces of members through calculation and analyze the characteristics between the buttress caisson and the conventional caisson.The results show that the new type buttress caisson not only has the advantages of good integrity of the caisson structure,but also is of low cost.Besides,the subsequent construction speed is faster.

Abstract:In the design of high seismic intensity area,certain slope displacement after earthquake could be allowed based on displacement design criterion,so checking the seismic displacement is one of the important contents in seismic design of high-piled wharf.Based on the displacement theory of NEWMARK rigid slider,the empirical formulas,such as Makdisi & Seed formula,Martin & Qiu formula,Jibson formula,Saygili & Rathje formula and Jonathan formula,which are widely used in a high-pile wharf in a strong earthquake area,are compared and analyzed.The finite difference software FLAC 2D is used to verify the dynamic time history analysis.The results show that although the displacement estimation results of different empirical formulas are different,they generally conform to the probability distribution model proposed by Jonathan,and the dynamic time history analysis method has certain advantages in displacement evaluation.

Abstract:The earthing design of power distribution system in port project is an important work of the port electrical design.Reasonable earthing design of power distribution system is of great significance to safety (personal safety and equipment safety),reliability and economy of port electrical engineering.However,the earthing system is complex and difficult to understand and grasp,and there are often hidden safety hazards in design documents.In this paper,according to the different earthing modes of 10 kV power grid (unearthing or earthing by small resistance),the earthing design of port distribution system is analyzed to deepen the understanding of earthing system and provide help for the earthing design of port distribution system.

Abstract:Aiming at the problems that in the design of LNG terminal fire protection system,fire water monitor whether to take into account the ship’s fire cooling,and how to set up the cooling water spray system in the tunnel escape and the collecting reservoir,we analyze the necessity of considering the ship’s fire cooling to the fire water monitor in the LNG terminal combining with relevant standard,literature and project experience,give the design basis of scope of the cooling water spray in the terminal tunnel escape,determine the units and values of intensity of water spray,and give the calculation method of the volume of the collecting reservoir.It can provide references for more reasonable design of the corresponding fire protection system,and really play a role in protecting the safety of personnel and property of the wharf.

Abstract:In view of the characteristics that urea is easy to absorb moisture and deliquesce when the air humidity is high,we use the urea moisture absorption critical curve and temperature & humidity control line of the raw material warehouse，and consider the problems encountered in the design process of the material storage warehouse of the Moron petrochemical terminal project to compare the three dehumidification schemes,i.e.the summer freezing dehumidification+winter heating scheme,rotary dehumidification scheme and steam dry heating scheme,which can be taken during storage.The result shows that the steam dry heating air scheme can keep the temperature and humidity of the urea in the warehouse in the urea drying zone by treating the fresh air,which can meet the urea storage requirements;the steam heating unit equipment is simple and easy to control,and the investment is low. Since the project site is equipped with a heating boiler room,and the steam supply is sufficient,the project finally adopts the steam dry heating air scheme,which achieved good economic benefits.

Abstract:In order to improve the handling efficiency of container terminal and reduce the operation cost,taking a domestic container terminal as the research object,we establish the simulation model by the simulation software FlexTerm,achieve the simulation logic of ship dispatching,yard allocation and truck entry and exit control,and complete the combination of berth planning,yard planning and gate planning.By analyzing the statistics provided by FlexTerm,we evaluate the berth productivity,equipment configuration and utilization,road traffic condition,and verify the rationality of the original design.

Abstract:In order to study the capacity of Tonggu channel in Shenzhen Port and improve its service level,the simulation model of Tonggu channel in Shenzhen port was constructed based on the Flexsim simulation platform by analyzing the operation process of the port and navigation system.Based on the prediction results of the number of navigable ships with different levels of annual segments,tonnages and cargo classifications,the capacity and service level of Tonggu channel in Shenzhen Port before and after the implementation of the second phase project are analyzed through simulation experiments.The results show that the second phase project of Tonggu channel in Shenzhen Port can effectively enhance the capacity of the channel,reduce the waiting time of ships and improve the service level of the channel.The research results can provide important decision support basis for channel construction scheme.

Abstract:Building information modelling (BIM)technology has been gradually accepted and promoted in the waterway industry due to its benefits of collaboration,visualization and multiple drawing production.Civil 3D provides a powerful three-dimensional terrain processing function,which can realize the three-dimensional dynamic design of terrain surfaces,while supporting the drawing function of plan,section and profile sheets.Combining the functions and characteristics of Civil 3D software,taking a container terminal in West Africa as an example,this paper explores the feasibility of grading design in port terminal areas based on Civil 3D.By comparing the traditional grading design methods,this paper summarizes the work flow of using Civil 3D for port terminal areas grading design,and provides a new idea for the promotion and application of BIM technology in grading design in terminal areas.

Abstract:In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of foundation calculation of the port engineering,we develop the foundation calculation CAD system of the port engineering combining with the advantages of domestic and international popular geotechnical analysis and calculation software and based on partial achievements of the harbor investigation and design application system(HIDAS).The system incorporates the engineering experience,the computing experience and operation habits of front-line designers,and integrates the drawing function of the calculation section of foundation.In case of excavation and gradation loading,we can calculate the settlement,solidification,slope stability,foundation stress and calculation under consideration of the effect of the composite foundation on the slope stability,so as to lay a foundation for the slope stability calculation by the effective stress method considering the consolidation static pore pressure and seepage flow pore pressure.It is of great theoretical and practical significance for realizing the international integration as soon as possible.

Abstract:The rubble mound revetment is a common structure type in port and waterway engineering. Due to the complex topographic and geologic conditions,the traditional 2D design method has low precision expression of the design scheme,which can be solved by BIM technology,an emerging 3D collaborative design method. Based on the Shenzhen LNG project,we explore the application route and method of Civil 3D in the revetment design,and summarize the application characteristics and technical advantages. Practice indicates that in the BIM application of the revetment engineering,Civil 3D can provide an efficient and complete solution,which can realize three-dimensional precise modeling,batch creation of cross-sectional drawings,accurate statistics of engineering quantities and quick response to the scheme change,thus improve the design accuracy and work efficiency. The research results may serve as reference for the precise design of the rubble mound revetment.

Abstract:As an important part of coastal nuclear power plant,the design standard of marine structures is worth studying and discussing.According to the requirements of the regulation of nuclear power safety and related specification,we analyze the structural function of marine structure in coastal nuclear power plant,systematically classify the safety levels of various marine structures,clarify the contents to be considered in the design standard of marine structure for nuclear power plant,and summarize the principle for determining the design standard of marine structure.Combining with Lufeng nuclear power plant under construction in China,we determine the standard value of design parameter for this project,and summarize the idea and method of reasonably reducing the design standard for marine structures in nuclear power plants.It can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:Based on design practice of water intake and drainage engineering of domestic coastal nuclear power plant,the technical requirements are analyzed,the design logic is expounded and the key technologies are defined.The key technologies of water intake and drainage engineering include the diffusion test of cooling water,the wave action on maritime structures,sediment erosion and siltation test,the adaptability of structures and foundation,and the prevention and control of marine organisms and foreign bodies,etc.The application of three types of water intake,including channel,culvert and combination of channel & culvert,and two types of drainage,including channel and culvert,are summarized.The operation feedback of nuclear power plant about silt deposition and water intake blockage are introduced as well.The new situation confronted by water intake and drainage engineering of nuclear power plants is analyzed.Finally,the direction of design optimization and innovation are prospected.

Abstract:In view of the differences between British geotechnical test standard(BS 1377)and Chinese standard,combining with the geotechnical tests in project of Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,we discuss some issues that need to be paid attention to in the implementation process of British standard,and analyze the reasons for the differences in test results.The results show that there is no essential difference between the method and principle of the British standard and Chinese standard.However,the two sometimes are considered from different aspects for the treatment of some specific problems,thus the test results of them have subtle differences.In terms of representation and calculation,the two often differ greatly in form,but the essences of them have no difference.It can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the roof system of large-span storage structure with profiled metal sheet is easily destroyed by typhoon in strong typhoon area,we carry out the comparative study on the advantages and disadvantages of space truss,light-weight building with gabled frames,reinforced concrete frame structure and their corresponding roof design schemes in the design of container freight station warehouse on container wharf in strong typhoon area.The results show that the design scheme of space truss structure with the roof system of space truss slab has the advantages of strong typhoon resistance,large applicable span,less cost,and easy construction quality assurance,which is the most competitive design scheme of large-span storage structure in strong typhoon area.

Abstract:The Huizhou Quanwan coal terminal project constructed two large enclosed strip-shaped coal bunkers with a length of 500 m and a span of 118 m.The upper part of the bunker was deployed with a space frame of about 745 000 m2,purlin and high-strength profiled steel plate structure.The space frame was constructed by orthogonal quadrangular pyramid double-layer three-center cylindrical arc reticulated shell,and the primary purlins and secondary purlins were arranged in two layers successively.In order to speed up the installation efficiency and improve the installation accuracy,according to the project characteristics and site conditions,the space frame structure was assembled with a combination of integral jacking,segmental jacking and bulk loading technology at high altitude.Purlins were pre-assembled on the ground into transverse segments and installed with high altitude assembly technology.In order to ensure the installation quality and safety,a comprehensive,systematic and whole process stress automatic monitoring of the upper structure of reticulated shells was carried out,and the construction survey of reticulated shells was carried out simultaneously.It can provide examples and experience for similar projects of waterway engineering.

Abstract:There are many vibration problems after the port transfer station is put into use.By means of on-site test and finite element analysis,the causes of vibration in a steel structure transfer station(TH10)in Zhanjiang Port are analyzed,and corresponding measures are taken to improve the vibration situation and meet the comfort range of human body.In order to solve similar problems in the future,some ideas and suggestions are put forward:in view of the large span floor,the horizontal and vertical stiffness in the middle part of the span should be considered in the design to avoid large deformation when vibration occurs;the anti-jamming ability of the structure should be increased to ensure the effective transmission of external energy within the structure at the location of the floor machinery and equipment.

Abstract:In order to easily select materials when design according to British specification,we compare the properties of concrete and reinforcement between Chinese and British specifications.The results show that the partial safety factor of reinforcement in Chinese specification is higher than that of British specification,but the partial safety factor of the concrete is the contrary.For the same strength grade concrete,the characteristic value of the compressive strength in British specification is higher than that of Chinese specification.Except for C15 strength grade,the elastic modulus of concrete in Chinese specification is higher than that of British specification.The shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of concrete,and the elastic modulus of reinforcement are approximately the same in both specifications.

Abstract:Taking the island and tunnel project of Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge as an example,we introduce the foundation design of immersed tunnel of the west artificial island.Aiming at the problem of the settlement calculation of rigid pile composite foundation under special conditions,we revise the improvement coefficient of composite modulus in the reinforced area of rigid pile based on load test and JGJ 79—2012 Technical Specification for Building Foundation Treatment,propose the settlement calculation method of rigid pile composite foundation under complex working conditions,and compare the results of proposed method with the above specification,relevant reference method and the field measured date.The results show that the proposed method is reasonable and feasible.It can provide the references for the similar projects.

Abstract:The distribution law and calculation method of earth pressure inside embed steel plate cylinder structure have been carried out aiming at the problems of diversity of theory and big difference of calculation results.Combined with the X37 # steel cylinder of the west artificial island of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Tunnel Project,the soil pressure in the cylinder was analyzed by using the finite element software PLAXIS 3D and various theoretical calculation methods.The results show that the earth pressure inner cylinder does not increase with the increase of depth,and the Ku La Yi Ning method calculated results are consistent with the results of 3D finite element software analysis,so the Ku La Yi Ning method can be used to calculate the earth pressure inner cylinder.The analysis results can provide a basis for the calculation of the horizontal tension of the steel cylinder,so as to determine the thickness of the steel cylinder wall reasonably.

Abstract:Coral-reef limestone is a special type of rock and soil,and studying its engineering mechanical property has great significance to promote the construction of coastal coral-reef area.We compare the engineering property differences between coral-reef and normal sand,obtain the limitation of calculating the settlement of coral-reef limestone foundation by the method of port engineering specification.Based on the above,we use the Schmertmann empirical (semi-empirical) formula method and SPT method from Europe standard to re-check the foundation design for a completed gravity wharf project in Sultan.The results show that empirical (semi-empirical) settlement calculation method based on SPT value has strong operability and applicability,and it can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:Because of the poor geological conditions and thick soft soil layer,the overall stability of the revetment slope in a port area is not satisfactory.Anti-slide pile is adopted for reinforcement treatment.Based on the software of MIDAS GTS NX,we establish a 3D finite element model,determine the length of the anti-slide pile according to the equivalent plastic strain cloud diagram of the slope without anti-slide pile,and select the optimal arrangement of anti-slide pile according to the results of internal force of pile,overall stability coefficient and project cost under different pile types,pile diameters,pile distances and pile positions.The results show that,when the pile distance is within the range of 3.5D,the pile bending moment increases with the increase of the pile distances.When the pile distance reaches 3.5D,the pile bending moment does not increase significantly.Within the pile distance range of 3.5D,the overall stability coefficient does not change significant with the increase of pile distance while gradually decreases after 3.5D.The anti-slide pile can effectively change the plastic zone distribution of the revetment,and the overall stability improves by nearly 30%.

Abstract:According to the characteristics of dredged ultra-soft soil,the innovative vacuum preloading methods including the new surface-layer pretreatment method,the new energy-efficient vacuum pumping method and the new anti-clogging prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) method,etc. are carried out based on the field experiment at Quanwan Port Area of Huizhou City in Guangdong Province,the effect of which is evaluated through shallow pretreatment and deep soft soil treatment experiment by the combined fill and vacuum preloading method.According to the field monitoring and test results,the consolidation effect of the dredged ultra-soft soil are tested from indices such as the vacuum,settlement and pore water pressure combining with the in-situ vane shear test,cone penetration test,and the laboratory soil test.The results prove that the innovative vacuum preloading methods are feasible and efficient for the improvement of the dredged ultra-soft soil in the coastal area.

Abstract:To control the settlement and differential settlement of the tube tunnel foundation control under the geologic condition of open sea,deep water and thick & soft base for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge tunnel engineering immersed tube tunnel,we carry out a comparison between the traditional pile foundation and the composite foundation,and propose the composite bed foundation scheme,which turns from the composite foundation of the PHC rigid pile,high jet grouting flexible pile,and sand compaction piles gradually to the natural foundation and composite foundation bed.The composite foundation settlement calculation analysis and observation data prove the remarkable effect of the composite foundation and composite foundation bed scheme for the control of the settlement and differential settlement.The composition of the tube tunnel’s foundation settlement and the recommended calculation method for the composite foundation are also given,which may serve as reference for similar projects.

Abstract:Due to the limitation of river factors,mountain topography and geology,how to choose the embankment protection and retaining structure scheme of semi-filled and semi-excavated is a difficult problem in the design of the road along the river.In a urban road project in Western Hunan,the combination of over 70 m high slope and sheet-pile retaining wall is adopted in the roadbed,which solves the difficult technical problems of subgrade in special sections,and has good safety,economy and applicability.

Abstract:There is currently no simple and practical calculation method for the anti-liquefaction of gravel pile drainage.Based on the consolidation theories for sand wells under equal strain condition,assumed that the initial excess pore water pressure is linearly distributed,the solution method of pore pressure ratio of gravel pile under drainage and liquefaction resistance under earthquake is given.A simple and feasible algorithm for engineering design is provided,which is recommended to use radial average pore pressure ratio to meet project needs.On the basis of the comparison with Onoue(1987) in-situ experimental results of gravel piles,the feasibility and deviation of the method are illustrated.Some suggestions are put forward for selection of design parameters of gravel drains to prevent liquefaction.

Abstract:The cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement (CPTU) data can be used to interpret the undrained shear strength of cohesive soil,but the undrained shear strength of cohesive soil is not a fixed value by the different test methods.Through comparative analysis,we obtain the correlations of CPTU data with fine-grained soil’s undrained shear strength derived from different testing methods (including direct shear test,consolidated direct shear test,unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test,etc).The results show that the undrained shear strengths of cohesive soil by different tests have good correlation with CPTU data.The undrained shear strengths of cohesive soil by different tests should be converted by the coefficient Nkt.

Abstract:Combined with the example of the East Artificial Island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Island Tunnel Project,based on the PLAXIS 3D finite element software calculation platform and the Hardening-soil model,which can consider both shear hardening and compression hardening,the 3D numerical calculation of the deep-inserted large diameter steel cylinder island wall structure is studied,and the displacement of the steel cylinder under various control conditions in the whole construction process is analyzed.The deformation and stability characteristics of large cylinder structure on deep soft clay foundation are discussed,which are verified by 2D theoretical calculation and field displacement measurements.The results show that the displacement of the steel cylinder in 3D numerical simulation is similar to the measured displacement,both of which are larger than the equivalent displacement in 2D plane.When the steel cylinder has enough diameter and buried depth,even if it is inserted into deep soft clay foundation,the horizontal and vertical displacement are larger,but its structural stability is also better.The analysis results have certain reference significance for similar projects and the popularization and application of large diameter steel cylinder structure in soft soil foundation.

Abstract:Aiming at the complex interaction between piles and soils，the pile foundation design method of Recommended Practice for Planning,Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms-Working Stress Design（API RP 2A-WSD）is adopted to analyze the internal force of pile foundation for high-pile pier and abutment wharf,and the calculation results are compared with those of elastic embedding method.In the models,P-Y curve spring is used to simulate the normal resistance of soil at pile side,T-Z curve spring is used to simulate the axial resistance of soil at pile side and Q-Z curve spring is used to simulate the axial resistance of soil at pile end.The following conclusions are drawn:for the in friction piles,the axial force of pile body decreases with the increase of soil depth;the bending moment of pile body has two reverse bending points,and the maximum bending moment occurs at the pile head or the soil end for 4d~6d;the maximum bending moment calculated by API method is smaller than that calculated by elastic embedding method.

Abstract:A container yard in Africa has been used for decades.At present,it is stacked with 4 layers of containers,which are operated by reach stacker.The pavement structure has no surface layer and base course.The containers are directly stacked on the foundation.The base is 4 m artificial backfill with compact shell sand layer,and the bottom is undisturbed clay sand.The current yard reconstruction requires stacking 5 layers container,which are operated by reach stacker.According to the structural design of heavy duty pavements for ports and other industries,the thickness of the pavement structure is thick,because the shelly sand layer with high foundation strength cannot be fully utilized.Through the pavement structure overlay design theory,the existing dense shelly sand layer is used to reduce the thickness of the pavement structure design,and the finite element calculation is used to check the tensile stress of the optimized pavement structure base layer.The optimized pavement structure can meet the design requirements.

Abstract:Aiming at the support of a deep foundation pit in Macau,a numerical model of asymmetric excavation of deep foundation pit is established by using finite element software to simulate the excavation process of foundation pit,and the effect of local excavation of foundation pit on stress and strain of support structure is analyzed.The results show that the local excavation of deep foundation pit has a great influence on the overall stability of the foundation pit,and can affect the distribution of the axial force of the internal bracing system,but has little influence on the maximum bending moment of the supporting pile.The research can provide guidance for the selection and design of supporting structure under the condition of partial excavation of deep foundation pit,and the balance of safety and practicability economy of pit-in-pit in deep foundation pit.

Abstract:The drainage immersed pipe method is widely used in the drainage engineering of costal power plants at present.With the continuous construction of new projects,the new design methods and key technologies of drainage immersed pipe are constantly developed and improved.Based on the existing and under construction drainage immersed pipe projects at home and abroad,this paper studies the foundation treatment method,joint treatment method,floating transportation and installation technology and other related technical problems in the construction process of drainage immersed pipe.This paper summarized drainage immersed pipe stress conditions in the process of installation,use and maintenance.A systematic method for structural calculation of drainage immersed pipe is put forward.The finite element software ANSYS is applied in numerical calculation.The structural analysis of the whole life cycle of immersed pipe is realized.The key technology and calculation method of drainage immersed pipe in power plant drainage are studied,which can provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the reduced hammering energy is excessively different from the actual value when driving sloping pile,we analyze the hammering principle and reducing factors of hydraulic pile driving hammer,obtain the factors affecting energy loss of hammering and increase of side friction resistance of pile,deduce the formulas for calculating active energy loss and passive resistance increment under inclined hammering,and compare the calculation results with the engineering practice.The results show that the calculation results of the formula in this paper can better reflect the engineering practice,and can provide references for the similar projects.

Abstract:For LNG projects with land reclamation under deep sea conditions,enclosure and revetment are usually implemented first,then reclamation and foundation treatment are used to form land area,and finally the prefabricated structure of intake is excavated and embedded.This construction process has resulted in long construction period,high cost,no environmental protection and other issues.The integrated design and construction of intake and revetment engineering are realized through BIM collaborative design,early determination of functional parameters of intake and reasonable adjustment of construction process.The integrated design and construction not only guarantees the quality,safety,environmental protection and progress,but also achieves good economic and social benefits,which can provide reference for similar projects in the future.

Abstract:Chinese-pode was developed from the introduction of ACCROPODE in the 1980s.There are lots mature projects in China,but its design and construction concepts are still in the initial stage,which makes it difficult for overseas promotion,and also buries potential quality risk.Through investigating relevant experience of overseas blocks,this paper compares design therory，supplements and enriches the acceptance of Chinese-pode prefabrication,stipulates the installation technical rules,installation system and equipment,develops the calculation program of point position,and establishes a complete set of technology of Chinese-pode design,prefabrication and installation based on BS-EN requirements,which is in line with international standards,and has been successfully applied in engineering.

Abstract:Rock-socketed pile is a special form of pile foundation,and its construction technology control requirements are very important to the design of rock-socketed pile.Combining with the experience of engineering examples,aiming at the problems in the design and construction of precast core-column rock-socketed pile,such as selecting the slope of precast pile,controlling the penetration of final hammer,regulating the thickness requirements of sediment in boreholes and determining the mud index,by enumerating the engineering examples,calculating the axial bearing capacity and analyzing the standard formulas,the key points and recommended values of the key parameters in the design process of precast rock-socketed piles are obtained.In addition,common problems in construction and treatment measures are given.

Abstract:Aiming at the problems that the traditional heavy hammer compaction and blasting compaction process in gravity wharf base bed parabolic have low efficiency and great influence on the surrounding environment,we carry out the vibrating compaction test and research,determine the construction parameters such as the thickness of vibrating compaction bed,the speed of compaction hammer and the time of single point vibrating compaction,analyze and test the effect of vibrating compaction,and verify the feasibility of vibrating compaction construction technology for base bed.The technology can greatly improve the operation efficiency and compaction quality,it can provide references for the similar projects.