Abstract:Based on the characteristics of hydrology-sediment movement,bed material component,and ecological environment situation in the Yangtze River below Nanjing,the trellised gravel cage structure,three-dimensional network structure and ecological soft mattress were developed to protect river bank for tidal level changing zone,and for high level beach,geo-grid plus cruciform ballast structure and compartment geo-membrane concrete structure were studied.Also,geo-mattress,active ground consolidators and twisted double ‘H’permeable frame structure were studied for low level beach protection.As for ecological dam body,two types of semicircle component and trapezoidal component were designed.The mechanism of these ecological structures mentioned above had been analyzed.Therefore,they were applied in both the first phase and second phase of the 12.5 meters water depth navigation channel regulation project which have presented significant economic and ecological benefits,and could be extended to similar projects widely.

Abstract:In the environment of deep water,large flow velocity and low visibility,the construction efficiency of underwater rubble-bedding leveling is low,and it is difficult to ensure the construction accuracy.To solve these problems,we carry out a research on the automatic underwater rubble bed leveling system.To achieve the key technology of the research,we design dedicated test units for the tests,which were divided into several groups based on various laying states of stone,various leveling speeds and various thicknesses of stone.The value of the scraper leveling propulsion resistance is 23.08 kN?m according to the tests,and the result provides crucial parameters for the research.

Abstract:During the layout of hydraulic structures in the port,most of the waves are generally oblique waves,and the effect of oblique waves is considered,which is more in accord with the actual.Aiming at this problem,we analyze the results of fitting the formulas of Yang Zheng-ji,Daemrich and Zou Hong-xia to our experimental results.We also analyze the influence factors’ effects on the transmission coefficient when wave is incident to the submerged breakwater,and then simulate the corresponding calculation formula.On this basis,we simulate calculation formula of oblique regular waves according to the results of the experiments about oblique waves’ acting on the submerged breakwater.The calculation formula is verified to be well applied to irregular waves,and it can provide scientific reference for submerged breakwater structure design.

Abstract:In the ice-cut,especially in fierce ice-cut process of seasonal frozen river,hydraulic structures,such as dykes and revetments,are suffering large-scale ice flow.This may lead to ice jam and even ice dam,which would increase the risk of rise in water level,floodplain,dyke breaching and loss of properties.To explore the law of evolution of ice flow and prevent the disaster of ice flow,we propose the prototypical experiment method of ice flow evolution and carry out prototypical experiment of ice flow evolution in the stream segment of Tangyuan River in Songhua River.By RTK equipment,the path of various model particles and collision to revetments are recorded.With reference of native wind velocity data,the influence of flow field,wind velocity,and waterway topography to ice flow movement are analyzed;the factors of ice flow’s collision to revetments and possible destruction position and forms are obtained.This paper provides theoretical reference on the formation mechanism of ice jam and ice dam,and gives a guidance to dyke arrangement and reinforcement.

Abstract:An hourly tidal level statistical method is proposed to calculate ridable tidal levels of seaports under the given tide rising duration and assurance rate.A bivarite variables of ridable tidal level and corresponding tidal duration are obtained from tide level history curve.The tidal levels data under given duration can be abstracted from the above bivariate.Then an accumulative frequency curve can be plotted from which the tidal level value under given assurance rate can be calculated.The results by new method are similar to those by technical code method,but the former method could reduce 50% of the calculation for plotting accumulative frequency curve.The computation time can also be reduced and the efficiency is increased.Both annual and seasonal ridable tidal high levels in Rizhao port have been calculated by using this new method.The result shows that the seasonal influences should be considered when ships take tide to enter Rizhao port.

Abstract:The stability of the rubble-mound breakwater crown wall mostly depends on wave loads,and in the seas the breakwater is mostly under the oblique wave action.In this paper,we analyze the effect of the water level and incident wave direction on the reduction factor of the total oblique wave force of one rubble-mound breakwater crown wall,and compare with the vertical breakwater according to the oblique and direct irregular wave model test.The results show that the reduction factor of the total oblique wave force of one rubble-mound breakwater crown wall decreases with the water level or the incident wave direction decreasing.In most cases,the reduction factor of the total uplift oblique wave force is smaller than the horizontal one.The difference between the reduction factors of the total oblique wave force of the rubble-mound breakwater crown wall and the vertical breakwater varies with different water levels or incident wave directions.

Abstract:In the process of construction,the elevation measurement work is very important and the workload is large.The traditional level measurement,triangular elevation measurement and GPS elevation measurement have their own deficiencies in operating environment,resource input and precision control.The paper indicates a method to obtain the elevation value by placing a handheld measuring device on the test point to accept the electromagnetic wave signal issued by the regional base station and calculate with spatial triangulation.The research and development of this technology can achieve the elevation measurement fast and accurate.

Abstract:To collect the dredged soil and sediment in the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River,we test the contents of chromium,copper,arsenic,cadmium and lead in dredged soil.We apply the health risk assessment model to evaluate the risk of contamination in soil and sediment to analyze the health risks of dredged soil pollution in the Yangtze River.The results show that the copper content is between 151.11~253.21 μg?g.The level of arsenic and cadmium in the downstream of channel engineering exceeds the national secondary standard,and the contents of arsenic and cadmium are 28.01 μg?g and 0.84 μg?g.The non-carcinogenic risk index of cadmium is greater than 1 in downstream drainage outlets of channel engineering.The non-carcinogenic risks of the rest of the elements are acceptable.The cancer risk of chromium and cadmium are concentrated in 10-7~10-6.But the rang of carcinogenic risk of arsenic in dredging point,waterway engineering point and sewage outfall point are 1.52×10-5?a,1.44×10-5?a and 4.04×10-5?a.During waterway renovation project,special attention should be paid to the hazard caused by arsenic and cadmium.

Abstract:Currently,the allowable wave height of anchorage in fishing port in our country is empirically determined with reference to foreign regulations,which is lack of effective studies.The physical model experiment on the allowable wave height of bow-stern anchoring of three ships side by side is carried out and 275HP trawler is represented as the typical ship.The anchoring force and movement of bow-stern anchoring system of three fishing boats under irregular waves are studied and further compared with the results of the single boat.The experimental results show that the anchoring force and rolling angle of the inside ship which is not directly affected by the wave are bigger than the outside ship which is directly affected by the wave.When the wave height and wave period in the port are bigger,the anchoring method of three ships side by side is safer than the single boat anchoring.According to the experiment,the allowable wave height for three ships anchored side by side is bigger than the value for the single ship anchored,and 0.9 m is suggested in the experiment.

Abstract:Aiming at the calculation method of internal force of high-pile wharf without beam，we analyze the internal force of the high-pile wharf without beam,and study the distribution coefficient of horizontal concentration.Using the ANSYS finite element software for numerical simulation,we obtain the distribution coefficients of the horizontal concentrated force in the high-pile wharf without beam with different span and bay spacing.The results show that the distribution coefficients of the horizontal concentrated force in the bents of high piled wharf without beam are less than the normative values.The minimum deviation between the two is 1.8% and the maximum deviation is 39.6%.The horizontal distribution coefficients are essentially increased as the space between transverse bents increases.The distribution coefficient of horizontal concentrated force decreases when the number of along-longitudinal span or the number of along-transversal span increases.

Abstract:Quay 28 of Hadarom port under construction is all vertical standing pile structure with beam and slab.In addition,we apply caissons as the retaining wall for the reclamation area in the rear,and dump rocks between steel pipe piles to form revetment.Aiming at the great construction difficulty of this complex structure,we use numerical modeling of wave field and physical model test to analyze the design purpose of this complex structure.As a consequence,the caissons can provide shield for the reclamation and sheet pile construction in the back before the main breakwater extension is completed.The rocks are dumped between steel pipe piles，which can reduce the wave reflection by caissons.Meanwhile,some cross sectional design optimizations are purposed according to the actual implement situation to guarantee the construction progress successfully.

Abstract:Based on the case of a front-sheet pile and high pile wharf structure project,we apply high pile pier calculation software to establish simplified model,and use the FEM software ANSYS to set up a 3D model to calculate the force and deformation of front-sheet pile and high pile wharf structure in two situations.The results show that,the calculation result of finite element model is more consistent with the actual force situation than the simplify calculation.

Abstract:Based on the functional orientation and development requirements of Huashan operation area in Wuhan new port,we carry out an analysis of the port layout,elevation design and traffic organization in combination with the development status,location and terrain conditions of port. According to the characteristics and conditions of land resources and considering the requirements of different port functional areas on the land area,we put forward a rational layout plan. Based on the analysis of flood control,harbor drainage,traffic,as well as earthwork balance,we design the harbor elevation system,important node elevation control and harbor traffic organization,so as to provide reference for the planning and design of inland container port area under complex terrain conditions.

Abstract:For the repair and reinforcement of high piled wharf on a thick soft soil foundation,we analyze the damage detection,wharf structure stress,repair design and construction technology.Adopting the finite element software,the mechanical analysis of bars and the traditional method of low strain test for pile foundation,we obtain the detection range of pile foundation,the stress characteristics and the cause of damage.Using the cast-in-place pier and by the sticking steel reinforcement repair scheme,we carry out the reinforcement of the pile foundation.The conclusion is that through the calculation and analysis of structure’s mechanical characteristics of the damaged high pile wharf and narrow the scope of detection,the traditional low strain detection method can well solve the existing problems of the high pile wharf pile damage detection;making full use of the structural damaged reinforcement repair,we can reduce the investment;using the steel tube technology,we can turn the underwater steel repair of pile foundation to the water dry construction and reduce the construction difficulty.

Abstract:Compared with ordinary cargo wharf and ship，fishing port water area layout and fishing vessel have their special characteristics.For the points,difficulties and problems in water area layout of a fishing port,giving a summary on transportation,aquaculture industry standards and local standards,the research on water area design requirements is carried out.Research analysis and comparison are done for many waters layout according to numerical results,and the rules between numerical results and water layout are obtained.According to the experience of the scheme,the optimal water layout is determined by combining the factors of wave,tidal current and sediment.

Abstract:Seepage problem is always a problem that confused the development of hydraulic structures.With the using years of the building and the change of the environment,seepage often occurs in the dikes and earth-rock dams.We use finite element software for simulated under different water level dams seepage parameter changes,and bring fractal theory to analysis the seepage data.We analyze the box dimension of total head fractal H,seepage pressure P and seepage flow v,and apply the Matlab program to calculate the relation curve of corresponding to different fractal dimension.The results show that the total head fractal dimension DH,seepage pressure fractal dimension DP and seepage flow fractal dimension Dv value changes with the change of water level,and the fractal dimension value changing with water head is proportional to the water level fluctuation obviously.It is a scientifically feasible,simple and accurate method to use several fractal values to indicate the flow factor.

Abstract:In view of the influence of water intake project on water flow and sediment in the harbor basin,taking Huanghua Port harbor water project as an example,we apply the method of three-dimensional mathematical model based on the analysis of regional engineering natural conditions and sediment conditions on the tidal current and sediment,and analyze the point of view of the various water solution siltation effect on flow conditions and sediment basin.The results show that after the water intake project is implemented,the flow speed in the whole harbor is not large,and the flow velocity is below 0.1 m?s except the intake port.The water intake project is not cause the change of the mud pit in the surrounding waters,and has little effect on the siltation of the inlet channel and the harbor basin.After the water intake project is implemented,the normal operation of the port will not have an influence on the design of the maximum water discharge range.

Abstract:This paper puts forward the preliminary technical solution for the dredging and filling of the deepwater channel dredged soil in the 13th five-year period based on the analysis of the dredging and filling process,supply and demand relationship of dredged soil and natural conditions of the reclamation project.The conclusions are as follows.Dig-blowing and bow-blowing are only applicable to the short-distance dredging and filling project.The newly developed trailing suction hopper dredger (TSHD) loading barge technology,which is suitable for the long-distance dredging and filling project,can greatly expand the using space of the deepwater channel dredged soil.In the 13th five-year period,the seventh and eighth reclamation projects of Hengsha east shoal can use dig-blowing and TSHD loading barge technology to fill the deepwater channel dredged soil in the section of North Passage.N1 subarea of Nanhui east shoal reclamation project can use TSHD loading barge technology to blow the dredged soil of deepwater channel.Other scattered reclamation projects that belong to the construction land can use bow-blowing technology to fill the deepwater channel dredged soil in the section of the South Channel to Yuanyuan shoal.

Abstract:The slope stability of muddy deepwater channel in the open sea relates to the costs of its capital and maintenance dredging,and it is one of the most important problems in the design of waterway engineering.Taking 100 000 DWT waterway of Xuwei Port Area of Lianyungang Port as research object,we study the stability of its slope under the actions of medium wave and large wave on the basis of wave elements calculated by the wave model,which has been maturely applied in Lianyungang Sea.We also use the data of bathymetric survey near the slope for analysis.The results show that the slope angle of Xuwei 100 000 DWT waterway is properly determined from the perspective of wave dynamic,the wave dynamic in this sea will not cause adverse impact on the slope stability of the channel.

Abstract:River in mountain area has the characteristics of narrow waterway and fast flow,especially in the construction diversion narrows the channel’s width is as high as 60%-70%,which has a great influence on the changes of discharge capacity and the navigation flow condition.According to the basic hydraulics principles of energy equation and the relationship between flow resistance coefficient and flow capacity,we apply the approaches of cutting nozzle along the slope and leveling bottom to effectively reduce the resistance of the river shape and the roughness coefficient of the flow,and the approaches can enhance the discharge capacity of the river channel;we use the method of reducing the height of the narrowed bed for increasing the flow section to decrease flow rate and to increase maximum traffic flow;we take the measures of extending the various height’s point in diversion bed to upstream and downstream endpoint for the longitudinal cofferdam and connecting the bottom of the bed with a gentle slope,and the measures can reduce the rate of change of flow section,the height of water and the water flow,also improve the navigable condition.The results show that the proposed method is feasible to increase the discharge capacity of narrowed channel and the maximum traffic flow.

Abstract:With the rapid development of shipping industry,the multi-line ship lock is expanded in China,which is restricted by the established structure and the landform.Considering the management problem,the new multi-line ship lock is mostly arranged with the established ship lock side-by-side to share the approach channel.While,the filling or drain of a line ship lock would affect the flow condition of the other lock approach channel,which may affect the ship safety and the structure of ship lock at another line.Based on the hydraulic model study of Feilaixia ship lock at the Beijiang River,we carry out the investigation on the effect of navigation flow with sharing the approach channel of ship lock at same level.The results show that the flow can diffuse rapidly with increasing the diffusion angle of the intermediate counseling wall,and the range and strength of reflux decrease.The approach channel flow condition of multi-line ship lock with sharing the approach channel can be improved by optimizing the counseling wall and the energy dissipative shape.

Abstract:In view of the characteristics and development bottlenecks of large lock metal structure,combined with the application of the metal structure design of nearly 20 large ship locks,such as the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal,Ganjiang,Xiangjiang and Xijiang rivers,BIM technology is used to the aided design of metal structure,structure calculation and optimization,engineering expression,engineering data extraction,operation,which promote the exploration and discussion of professional development and construction.The results show that BIM technology has very important significance for mastering lock core in whole life cycle,improving the universality and interchangeability of the ship lock metal structure,promoting the standardization and seriation of ship lock metal structure,promoting the development of industry and improving the professional theoretical system.

Abstract:Zhajiao river reach is a typical branch channel in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,which has the obstruction characteristics of bend,shallow,danger and torrent,so it is difficult to implement the regulation.Considering comprehensively the reasons of navigation obstruction,the target of regulation and the relation between two branches,we put forward three different ideas,and carry out experimental research by the physical model.The results show that the effect of opening a new navigation channel,adjusting the split ratio and obtaining the balance between two branches is better,which can fundamentally solve the problem of navigation obstruction and realize simultaneous navigation of the two branches.

Abstract:The flow state of the curved channel is complicated,and the bridge pier is a great change to the flow field of the river,which is very bad for the navigation safety of the ship.In this paper,the three-dimensional turbulent flow field of the pier is simulated by the lattice Boltzmann method,and the three-dimensional turbulence width of the square piers under different flow and bending radius is analyzed by using the large eddy simulation and the motion boundary treatment method.Therefore,the coupling relation between the relative turbulence width and Froude number is established.Based on the above results,the study of Xinxilin Bridge in Sichuan province is carried out and compared with the research results of Changjiang Waterway Planning and Design Institute.The results show that the turbulent flow width of the pier is slightly larger,but the numerical value tends to be reasonable.

Abstract:A new solution is introduced that solid buoyancy material is filled into the ballast at the bottom of the gate to reduce the dead weight load on the hinges.The solid buoyancy material classification,application and characters are introduced.Solid buoyancy material is proved to be feasible by compared with buoyancy chamber,which can be popularized in the construction of the new large gate and the old ship lock reconstruction.

Abstract:The channel entrance area obstruction of the downstream of Wuqiangxi junction has been a bottleneck that restricts the smooth passage of Yuanshui high-grade.Based on the test method of the physical model of the fixed bed flow,the current condition and the impeding characteristics of the river are analyzed.On the basis of the improvement plan of the permeable breakwater of the pile foundation,the plan of pile foundation diversion vanes for improving the navigation condition of entrance area is put forward.The oblique flow in the entrance area is weakened by combining barrier and diversion.Comparison of the test results before and after the implementation of the plan shows that the pile foundation diversion vanes has better effect on improving the navigation obstruction of oblique flow in the entrance area.

Abstract:Aiming at the cracking problem of large volume and irregular structure concrete during ship lock construction period,relying on the Jiuweigang Second-line Ship Lock engineering,we simulate the effects of MgO expansive agent and insulation measure on the temperature field,stress field and the cracking risk of sidewall concrete in lock chamber,and monitor the temperature and deformation histories of the actual structure concrete.The results show that the addition of MgO expansive agent is one of the effective measures to reduce the shrinkage and crack risk of ship lock concrete during the construction period,when proper insulation measure is taken at the same time,the crack risk of the surface and the center concrete casted in winter can be reduced simultaneously.The addition of MgO expansive agent almost has no effect on the temperature history of ship lock concrete,while it can reduce the shrinkage of 50×10-6~70×10-6 for the actual sidewall concrete in lock chamber and reduce the shrinkage over 40×10-6 for the actual sidewall concrete in lock head corridor.

Abstract:The development of scale extension in coastal port area and enlargement of ships require higher-level port service,and the water scale is one of the main factors affecting the port service level.Based on the analysis of operation process of ship entering and leaving port in the coastal port area with different width of harbor basin,we build an Anylogic-based port navigation operation simulation model to study the influence of the width of harbor basin on the port service level.The port navigation operations under three different conditions of basin widths are simulated,and the results show that the port service level increases by 36% with the layout of medium harbor basin,of which the water area is 1.25 times as that of the narrow harbor basin,and the port service level increases by 90% with the layout of wide harbor basin,of which the water area is 1.48 times as that of the narrow harbor basin.

Abstract:With adequate study of the display symbols on offshore waterways,a virtual A to N display standard of inland waterway including species and all kinds of display symbols is presented.Through analyzing the adaptability of visual aids to become virtualizes,virtual A to N are divided into 4 kinds (navigation mark,signal mark,special mark and all-purpose mark) and 9 species.Corresponding to the types of virtual A to N,two display methods,circular symbols and diamond symbols are proposed,and circular symbols are recommend.

Abstract:In an artificial island construction project based on the large-scale marine reclamation land,the soil settlement is the most important factor affecting the later safe operation of the whole field.To analyze the factors of the soil settlement in a marine reclamation project,the SEM (scanning electron microscopy) method of the soil microstructural analysis method is used to test and study six soil samples such as the representative silt,mucky silty clay,silty clay and clay in the field.The structural characteristics of soil settlement are obtained by observing the SEM charts at different depths.Combined with Terzaghi one-dimensional and Biot two-dimensional consolidation theory numerical calculation method,one-dimensional and two-dimensional creep models are established and the numerical results of two kinds of consolidation theories are compared to predict the settlement rule of the soil after completion of the project.The analysis results indicate that the micro-structural characteristics of the soil itself are the essential factors affecting the settlement quantity of the field.The settlement rule and trend of two numerical analysis methods are basically consistent.

Abstract:Taking the steel and concrete composite immersed tunnel pre-bidding project from Shenzhen to Zhongshan as an example,aiming at the construction characteristics of the steel and concrete composite immersed tunnel,we draw on the stress and deformation research on creep and shrinkage effect of steel and concrete composite beams,and study the stress and deformation of steel shell concrete structure in the long term effects.We calculate the stress and deformation of transverse structure of immersed tunnel in long-term effects by an easy method.The results show that the concrete lost almost half of the stress because of the creep and shrinkage.The stress of the steel casing tends to be uniform with the development of the creep and shrinkage.The bending moment of the steel casing is getting decrease with the development of the creep and shrinkage.The increase of deflection due to the effect of creep and contraction is not significant.

Abstract:To study the mechanical behavior of different steel-sand interface shear,a new torsional shear device for pile-soil interface shear testing is developed.Some interface torsional shear tests between steel pipe pile and uniform fine sand,Fujian sand,and American Davis sand are performed based on this new device.The test pressures are between 200 kPa and 800 kPa.The mechanical behavior of different pile-soil interfaces can be studied by testing and analyzing the torsion properties of the interface shear.The results show that with the increase of the shear displacement,the interface shear strength increases and remains unchanged finally.But when the shear displacement becomes bigger,the interface shear strength will change slightly.Moreover,both the shear displacement and interface frictional angle of the inflection point of pile-soil interface shear curve increase linearly as the normal stress increases.

Abstract:Aiming at the connecting structures between large-diameter deep embed steel cylinders and combining with the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge artificial island project,we analyze the type selection of arc cell and develop a new type of super-deep-type integral steel plate water-stop arc cell.According to the structure’s mechanical property and the function requirement,we propose the principle of determining the plane dimension and insertion depth of the arc cell.A wall thickness analysis method considering the initial deviation of steel cylinders is formed,and the structural design of the arc cell which satisfies the offset adaptability and construction requirements is proposed.The practical engineering proves that the new arc cell is characterized by good deviation adaptability,good water-stop effect and high construction efficiency.

Abstract:For investigating the motion characteristic of the large semi-submersible barge in bad seas,the amplitude of motion response of semi-submersible barge was analyzed by numerical calculation in different operation.Based on the field construction work,the motion response of semi-submersible submergence was tested,and the hydrodynamic numerical analysis model and parameter setting were verified and improved.The proposed semi-submersible submergence construction work proposal can provide reference for the construction operation and safety control of the ship.

Abstract:Combining channel service conditions of the existing project,according to the achievements of investigation and research in native and foreign,Inland river navigation specification,Code for design of general layout of sea ports,we design the floating channel in the limited water area and large immersed tube,obtain the key technical parameters of the width and depth of the channel design,and apply the technique in selection of floating channel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge immersed tube tunnel.According to measurement and analysis of the immersed in the project,we obtain the track line of the immersed floating.The analysis and results are verified by practical application,and satisfy the engineering construction requirements.

Abstract:For the question of masonry protective structure stability,on the basis of previous studies,we analyzed the force of block-stone and carried out field test.By analyzing the stone force with build-in force,statistical analysis of damage for the field test by using masonry protective structure with half-grouting masonry was carried out.The result shows that wind wave resistance of protective structure is proportional to thickness of block-stone,inversely proportional to outside surface of block-stone and proportional to build-in force between block-stones.So when design and construct for practical engineering,the masonry protective structure stability can be significantly improved by taking the suitable cement-rubble masonry.

Abstract:During the construction of a quay and breakwater project in Israel Ashdod,we study on the loading process of core stone material and propose a kind of new-type stone-loading platform considering the massive core stone (0~1t) requirement and limit construction window of the water throwing of stone water.The girders and steel grating plate are three-dimensional modeled by finite element software Midas Civil.The structural internal force and deformation analysis of the platform are carried out by the British and Europe standards to make sure the safety and reliability of the platform.Actual stone loading and unloading operation on site verifies that the platform can be easily handled and the loading efficiency is high.

Abstract:Located in Yaosha and Lengjiasha area of Nantong city,Tongzhou Bay Port stands on the southern margin of the radial sandbar with large beach surface exposure at low tide and large tidal range.The scale of Tongzhou Bay Port Area plan is large,which requires massive land reclamation to form the port area,with the prerequisite of sea dike building.By studying the basic data of wave,tidal current,geology and etc.,and combining with the model test and engineering practice,we study the key technology of dike design under the environment of high tides and silty-sand foundation,so as to provide reference and experience for subsequent projects from dike elevation,material,analysis of skid resistance,seepage and scour prevention,construction essentials,etc.

Abstract:With its unique advantages,the large-diameter steel cylinder is applied to the revetment project of large-scale artificial island.Taking a large-scale artificial island project for example,we compare and analyze schemes,focusing on problems entountered in shallow embedding technique of large-diameter steel cylinder construction.With analysis and comparisons of the vibration-sinking methods,rectification methods and sequence of vibration-sinking,we summarize main processes of shallow embedding technique of large-diameter steel cylinder applied to foundation sand replacement,i.e.intermittent vibration-sinking process,floating crane rectification process,sequence-skip vibration-sinking & piling.