Abstract:This paper introduces the master layout and operation technology of automatic & semi-automatic container terminals which have been built and put into operation abroad,and summarizes several commonly used automation modes and adaptable conditions for container terminals to serve as reference for the construction of automatic container terminal in China.

Abstract:In order to further implement the“two types”port requirements in automated container terminal,we take effective measures to promote energy-saving emission reduction in port planning,port design,equipment selection and port operation.Taking Yangshan Port Phase IV Project as an example,we analyze the consumption of energy distribution and advanced energy consumption equipment selection reasonable,the level of energy efficiency,the feasibility of energy-saving measures of automated terminal environmental protection,and prospect the future port environmental protection.

Abstract:For establishing a method to determine the general layout pattern of fully automated container port,we make an in-depth analysis on the characteristics of the layout plan of the existing automated container terminals or those being built,and put forward 10 patterns for the overall layout of automated container terminals.Furthermore, we analyze the characteristics of all patterns and finally form the summary table,referencing which,we can choose reasonable and adaptable pattern for the overall layout.

Abstract:To scientifically determine the berth grade of Yangshan deepwater port phase IV project,we analyze comprehensively the trends of ship enlargement,global port & waterways infrastructure upgrading and development of ports along the Yangtze River.Considering both characteristics of the ships and shipping route of Yangshan deepwater port and the utilization of the deepwater shoreline resources and demand for the construction of a super-large fully-automated container port,we demonstrate the necessity and feasibility of Yangshan phase IV project to construct a 100 000 tons or more large-scale deepwater berths.

Abstract:The automated container yard is an important part of automation terminal.Efficient and reasonable automatic container yard layout mode has a positive impact on the comprehensive capacity of the terminal,loading and unloading efficiency and operating costs.Based on the analysis of the foreign typical automated container terminal yard in the layout,selection of equipment and functional planning,this paper proposes the new mode for Yangshan Phase IV fully automated container terminal yard layout.

Abstract:One of key issues for design of the general layout plan and the handling system for an automatic container terminal is how to reasonable choose and set the layout model of both seaside and landside of automatic yard.Based on summary and analysis of layout models of truck handling area for the automatic RMG yard of exciting automatic container terminals in the world,four layout models are proposed,and their respective characters are compared.The function deployment and operational model are analyzed in handling area in landside of automatic RMG’s yard.RMG’s types,railway berth and handling height are determined.Track park lanes and related parameters,driver operation kiosks and their safety control measures are decided.The standard layout model,size,operational procedures and control processes of three types RMG’s yard are proposed,and the standards are used in Yangshan phase IV project.

Abstract:Fully automated container terminals have such advantages as high efficiency,environmentally friendliness and safety.It is essential to adopt appropriate traffic framework for automated technology systems,which can ensure the normal operation of terminals and achieve the aim of promoting the traffic ability and reduce the time vehicle delay on intersection effectively.Combining Yangshan port phase IV fully automatic container terminal construction project, we adopt the design method for the freeway interchange and adhere the concept of one-way traffic management applied to the route design and traffic distribution of the roadways of the port area.Moreover,VISSIM is employed to simulate the traffic framework.It is concluded that the entrance and exit gates are arranged separately,the trunk road inside the port area adopts the one-way traffic mode,and roads outside the port area are overcrossing at the intersections of the terminal area.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of foreign container terminals’ gate layout model,we propose the multi-gate layout mode to increase the gate’s through capacity and improve the operation efficiency.The multi-gate layout is adopted inYangshan phase IV,which shows the advantages and verifies the feasibility of this layout scheme.

Abstract:In phase IV of Yangshan project,the container terminals are constructed along the rich deep-water shoreline.However,the limited land width has always been the main restriction of the port capacity.To maximize the utilization rate of the resources of water and land,we probe into the construction condition and construction target.Taking comprehensive measures including determining reasonably the handling technology and layout of the stack yard,road and auxiliary facilities and optimizing the transport organization,etc.,we reach the targeted goal of reasonable function-orientation,high land utilization rate and great comprehensive capacity.Integrative capabilities can be remarkably improved.

Abstract:The special operation of reefer container lies in that workers should enter the block to connect or disconnect the power plug but automated container yard is unmanned operation.So how to reasonably arrange the reefer container area is the key to automated container yard design.Based on the analysis of several usual arrangements of reefer container areas and combining with engineering characteristics and handling technology,the layout of the reefer container in automatic yard was optimized.

Abstract:According to relevant regulations of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code),the paper discusses the key aspects of the layout of dangerous goods container in the automated container terminal,including the principle of distributed arrangement and the coping approach of the leaking defect of liquid container and the temperature control of the container.The relevant design principles are interpretated comprehensively by a typical example.

Abstract:The AGV(automated guided vehicle)is used as the horizontal transport equipment in the automatic container terminals built so far in foreign countries.AGV realizes automatation of the container terminal for the horizontal transport system,at the same time,changes the mode of traditional terminal equipment maintenance,influences repairing function area layout of the general layout.Effective layout of automatic container terminal AGV functional area is the key to improve the operational efficiency and makes full use of land resources.Based on the layout of AGV functional area of typical automatic container terminals in foreign countries,combined with the current technical and the port overall development,the new method is summarized and proposed.According to the Yangshan project phase IV,specific layout proposal has been put forward.

Abstract:The reasonable mode of the ultra-large type automatic container AGV battery exchange station is an important subject.Comparing with various battery exchange modes,the Yangshan phase IV adopts the integral replacement battery solution.This article mainly discusses the scheme of the ultra-large type automatic container terminal AGV battery exchange station,and combined with the design concept of Yangshan phase IV battery exchange station,optimizing and improving the original design scheme,thus to get the final layout mode.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the inspection and quarantine infrastructure’s layout models in traditional container terminals，we come up a series of new layout ideas in the inspection platform,detained ward,fence in inspection zone,etc.,and apply the layout scheme to Yangshan phase IV project,through which the feasibility and superiority is verified.

Abstract:One of key problems for design of both handling system and the general layout planning of an automatic container terminal(ACT)is to optimize and choose horizon transportation system.Based on current statements of the handling system of full ACT in the world,we present a comparative study between AGV system and(A)SHC system by analysis of both qualitative and quantitative,which is concerned with technical parameters,productiveness,capacities,energy consumption,investment and costs,technical advantages and so on.

Abstract:To improve the adaptability of automated container terminals,we analyze the typical automatic yard layout and the suitability for large container pivot ports with high water to water transshipment and propose the application scheme of three types of cranes including non-cantilever crane,single-side cantilever crane and double-sides cantilever crane,which are applied successfully in Yangshan port phase IV project.

Abstract:Horizontal transportation vehicle exerts a great influence on automated container terminal operation efficiency.This paper analyzes the development situation and the relative merits of AGV and straddle carrier,finding out that AGV is more universal relatively.Meanwhile,toward the different coupling means of AGVL-AGV and ARMG,the paper summarizes the advantages and the fitting conditions,and analyzes the case about Yangshan phase IV horizontal transportation vehicle choosing problem.

Abstract:For the selection of reasonable AGV lithium battery,we analyze the development conditions and relative merits of foreign lithium batteries and compare different lithium batteries under Yangshan Phase IV’s unique operation requirements and overall layout conditions.Eventually we choose GSY LIM50H-12 15S10P lithium battery,which not only meet the requirements of the AGV 8 hours continuous operation,but also satisfy the battery radiator installation,in case of the battery overheat.

Abstract:In view that how to position the transfer platform rationally,we put forward new ideas which include the overall layout,container platform,lock box layout,working path layout,transfer platform hardware protection,etc.,to realize the check of locks and guarantee human safety.

Abstract:The automatic double-trolley quay crane completes loading and unloading by the cooperation of the frame trolley system and the main trolley system.It is a conundrum to make the frame trolley system loading and unloading total-automatically and the main trolley system loading and unloading semi-automatically and avoid collision between the spreader and containers.The laser returns when it hits the target object,then we can receive the distance and the angle information of the object by calculating.Using the optical position systems SPSS,TDS and SDS,we can position the spreader and the target container successfully and implement the spreader’s functionof automatic loading and unloading.Moreover, because of the function of positioning for the spatial obstacle,the spreader possesses the functionof avoiding collision.

Abstract:Based on the selection of twin 40 ft spreader’s headblock system in automatic container terminal,we study the dual hoist and single hoist type of quayside container crane(QC),and analyze the practical data of the usage of dual hoist QC,compare the structure and performance of three main headblock systems in twin 40 ft container spreader.It is preferable to use single hoist dual spreader structure in Yangshan port’s twin 40 ft container QC.

Abstract:Automation is the development tendency of terminals all over the world.This article analysis the gantry of STS(ship to shore crane)how to precisely locate.By comparing the locating system technology and taking all aspects into account,it is preferable to use the transponder technology for the gantry system to precisely locate.This paper discusses the locating system’s composition,principle,installation and communication technology.

Abstract:The safety and efficiency of automatic container terminal stacking yards operation depend largely on the precision of ARMG positioning.Aiming at ARMG automatic positioning,taking the TMEIC control system in Yangshan Phase IV as example,this article studies the positioning principle and initial parameters calibration of AMRG hoist,trolley,gantry,micro motion,MAXVIEW,and forms a stander operation procedure and criterion.

Abstract:In view of the layout of the automatic container terminal’s ARMG maintenance area,we carry out a comparison of the stacking yard machines’operational modes and maintenance modes between the traditional container terminal and automated container terminal,and propose the new mode for the layout of ARMG maintenance area which is adaptable to the automatic container terminal,and applied to the Yangshan Phase IV project.

Abstract:The requirements and standards of automation gantry crane running accuracy are very high because the rate of it is much faster than ordinary gantry crane.Researches are requested on how to choose the feasible,reliable and economical form of track foundation and how to choose reasonably the relevant parameters based on the actual situation.By comparison of the current common form of track foundation,with examples and finite element numerical simulation of Yangshan project,a new track foundation type is proposed,dual adjustable track foundation.In the meantime its structure and configuration design is improved.Based on the above researches,the problem of safe and efficient operation of gantry crane without pile foundation on the subsidence prone ground is basically solved.

Abstract:The loading and unloading process and usage requirements of the fully automated container terminals are different from the general terminals,which have special requirements on the surface structure of the wharf.From the perspective of the characteristics of the fully automated container terminal,a detailed analysis is made on the stress requirements,the slope requirements,and the non-metallic requirements around the magnetic spikes of the surface layer structure of the wharf.The design measures are put forward from the aspects of the span of the wharf panel,the application of the top FRP bars,the treatment of the hole cover plate and the expansion joints,which can meet the requirements of the fully automated container terminal.

Abstract:The Yangshan phase IV project is a fully automatic container port,the crane load of which is beyond the conventional one.The design of hydraulic structures of wharf need to adapt to the super-conventional load and automation technology.Especially,according to the requirements of the automatic loading and unloading process,some specific areas of the wharf surface can not contain metal,so as not to interfere with the magnetic nail signal.According to the design conditions of phase IV project,the paper demonstrates the structure type and pile foundation scheme.Combining with the loading and unloading process characteristics,the innovative design of the main components of the wharf is carried out.It is proved that the wharf is suitable for the high-piled beam-slab structure,and according to the change of the covering layer,the pile foundation is divided into the driven pile and the pile embedded in rock.To adapt to the crane load and automatic loading and unloading process which are beyond the conventional ones, the track beam is designed according to the theory of deep beam,and fiber reinforced composite materials is used for the first time in the design of wharf surface layer.

Abstract:To reduce and control the cast-in-place crack on the wharf surface layer,we analyze the mechanism of cracks from aspectsincluding design,construction and raw materials,and put forward the technical path and quantitative requirements to reduce the shrinkage of concrete by optimizing the quality of raw materials.Taking perfect construction process management measures for reducing concrete drying cracks,we can reduce effectively irregular cracks in the surface layer concrete.,Combining with other design measures,we can control the wharf surface layer crack.

Abstract:Considering the demand of water source and water supply quantity in the phase IV of Yangshan deepwater port in Shanghai international shipping center,current situation of water consumption and environmental protection water source are analyzed.The ship-water saving system,rainwater collection system and wastewater recycling system are designed,which can improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources.Furthermore,the feasibility of applying sponge city concept on the port with automated containers is analyzed in order to ensure the safety of port drainage.To fully utilize the rainwater,rainwater allocation is also discussed.

Abstract:Because the steel structure power socket bracket is corrodible and needs maintenance in the traditional container terminal,fiber reinforced polymer materials is considered to instead of traditional steel structure power socket for its excellent anticorrosion performance.This paper introduces and summarizes the design,calculation,manufacture,installation characteristics of fiber reinforced polymer refrigerated container power socket bracket.Research shows that fiber reinforced polymer refrigerated container power socket bracket in the whole life cycle maintenance costs less and has less influence on the automation of container yard operation interference,which is suitable for automated container terminal operation.

Abstract:Because of antimagnetic requirements of magnetic nails for the heavy load way running AGV in the automated container port,fiber reinforced polymer bars are used as dowel bars in the concrete layer for its excellent antimagnetic properties.However,there is no specific design method on the FRP bars used in road currently.By reference on traditional steel dowel bar computing theory and 3D finite element numerical analysis method,with on-site load transfer coefficient experimental results,the applicability of the relevant design methods are verified and meanwhile some suggestions for optimization design are proposed.

Abstract:According to the engineering characteristics of Yangshan deepwater port phase IV project,we choose the automatic handling technology system.Optimizing the equipment selection and layout of container terminal automation technology,we solve problems including connection between the wharf handling and horizontal transportation system,the capacity of container yard restricted by the narrow land,balanced utilization of the RMG between the seaside and the landside in one yard,high handling costs of long-distance round-trip,etc.,and lay a solid basis for giving full play to the superiority of the automatic container terminal.

Abstract:New technology,new product,new material,new process are widely used in the power supply system of Yangshan deepwater port phase IV project.For example,the over-voltage protector with dual safety protection device for all phases in six posts guarantees more reliable and safe operation of the equipment；the use of DEHN series earth clamp not only facilitates the construction,but also ensures easy control of construction quality；the roxtec cross sealing system effectively solves the problem of cable sealing and future expansion.

Abstract:Traditional port substation mechanical ventilation and air conditioning equipment are mostly in local control mode and extensive management.According to the operation characteristics of automated container terminal that part of the substation is located in a closed and unmanned operation area,a remote control system of mechanical ventilation and air conditioning equipment is designed.The control system could solve the problem of remote control of mechanical ventilation and air conditioning equipment,optimize substation mechanical ventilation and air conditioning system,and achieve the result of energy-saving and emission-reduction.

Abstract:The AGV battery replacement station of automation container terminal has a complex process,and the charging equipment emits huge heat when it works.The charging area working temperature shall be controlled between 20～35 ℃ to meet the cooling,dehumidification and anti-salt fog environment requirements.Taking the phase IV project of Shanghai Yangshan deepwater port as an example,we research the designs scheme of ventilation and air conditioning,and determin using split air conditioning.The system has the characteristics of flexible load regulation and the use of safe and reliable.It ensures that the air conditioning and ventilation system of the battery replacement station can operate stably for a long time,and can reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning and ventilation system.

Abstract:The water supply and drainage instrument monitoring system in the traditional container terminals using manual meter reading method,is inefficiency,has high error rate,cannot timely monitor and maintenance pipeline leakage fault and instrumentation fault.The paper analyzes various factors that cause a series of problems,discusses the characteristics of the current commonly used intelligent instrument to water supply and drainage system in container terminal.Using the DCS system architecture method for monitoring instrument industry automation mature,combining with the specific circumstances of Yangshan deepwater port phase IV of Shanghai international shipping center，the remote monitoring system of the water supply and drainage in the automated container terminal is put forward,which is function perfect,reliable,high efficiency and easy operation.

Abstract:The meter reading in the traditional container terminals using manual meter reading method,is inefficiency,cannot timely monitor pipeline leakage fault.Combining with automatic meter reading requirements in the automated container terminal,the traditional port area present situation and the reasons of the loss of water are analyzed.Based on the application experience of remote water meter in real estate projects,and according to the characteristics of the automation area,the remote water meter in automation function within the port area system and framework are defined,and its application effect is analyzed.The remote water meter system in Yangshan port phase IV project,has fundamentally solved a series of problems of the traditional meter reading.The automation terminal water system management modes provids a good example in the future.