Abstract:Along with the fast development of inland water transport industry in our country,fruitful research results have been achieved in the field of navigation structure.Especially in the last 10 years a large number of high head an large navigation structures have been built,which make our country in the forefront of the world high head navigation building construction.The results of innovation research and its application are summarized and analysed mainly around the hydrodynamic research difficulties and key technologies of navigation hub and ship lock.Furthermore,the prospect is presented for the navigation structure hydrodynamic research field based on the construction requirements and challenges under the new situation.

Abstract:This paper reviews the research developments in the field of ship lift in recent years.Firstly,the latest research achievements on basic theory of hydro-floating ship lift,cavitation-resistant measures of valve,anti-capsize measures for ship chamber are introduced,and the convergence and stability of this brand new type ship lift is verified through prototype observation.Secondly,hydrodynamics and key technology of safe operation of launching-type ship lift with Chinese characteristics are presented.The innovation technologies on security measure for traditional ship lift type are also mentioned.Besides,hydrodynamic fundamental research and three-dimensional numerical simulation technologies for large-scale ship lift are summarized.

Abstract:As the critical facility of the navigation lock’s function achievement,filling and emptying system design directly influences on the safety and efficiency of lock engineering.Four-section total-balanced filling and emptying system is commonly applicated in high-head large locks domestic and forign.However,the system has the disadvantages of complicated structure and high construction difficulty,also the cavitation problem of its secondary divider.There are the characteristics of inland locks in China,the analysis of domestic and international eningeering data,theoretical and mathematical research,physical model experiment to avoid these disadvantages.The feasibility and applicability of the two-section four-manifold total-balanced filling and emptying system with “long culvert in lock wall + vertical divider at lock center + two-section four-manifold at lock chamber bottom + side ports + open ditches for energy dissipation” has been proved and verified in 40 m-grade single-step giant lock,which provides the reference and basis for high-head large lock designment.

Abstract:In view of the dynamic design safety problem of large reversed tainter valve of high water head ship lock,self-vibration characteristics’3D FEM calculation about the valve and the system of the valve and boom is conducted to study the coupling effectiveness and sensitiveness of the main structure’s dimension.It reveals that the boom is dominant for the self-vibration characteristics of the system.The basic frequency of the system is 11.59 Hz and vibration mode is bending vibration of the boom itself.The self-vibration frequency of the valve and boom is slightly lower than that of the valve itself.The self-vibration characteristics of the system are affected obviously by the length of the boom and the thickness of the arm plate has little effectiveness.

Abstract:The gate type of Panghai ship lock is flat,and the working head is 23.0 m.The initial submerged depth of gallery roof is only 7.5 m,and the hydraulic problem on the flat gate is the key technical problem in hydraulic design.Based on physical model researches,twe propose to expand the corridor,optimize the gate structure and corridor structure,and discuss the cavitation and hydraulic characteristics.Research shows that,cavitation problems could be solved on the basis of optimizing the gate structure and corridor structure,applying the techniques of extended corridor type,and take the necessary measure,natural aeration by lintel,and reserve measure,forced aeration by the drop floor.

Abstract:Due to the better flow condition compared with through-the-head filling and emptying system,and the simpler structure and lower construction and maintenance cost compared with other dispersed filling and emptying system,the wall-culvert side-port filling and emptying system is widely used in medium-head large ship locks.In recent years,four huge locks have been designed or constructed on the Xiangjiang river,and it should be studied and verified that whether the above system can satisfy the safety needs of lock and ship under such huge flow energy.Based on Dayuandu 2nd lane lock,the ship berthing condition in lock chamber,the hydrodynamic characteristics and flow conditions in approach channels are all studied by a 1:30 scaled physical model.The results indicate that,all key parameters can satisfy the needs of codes and design under the recommended energy dissipation layout and valve opening patterns.

Abstract:Aiming at high hydraulic indexes design difficulties and large water consumption of high head and large scale shiplock,water-saving design research is carried out based on shiplock which has 40 m grade water head and 280 m×34 m lock chamber.The theoretical water-saving rate is computed and the valve operation modes are analysed.The hydraulic indexes are calculated through mathematical model for water-saving shiplock.The results show that the theoretical water-saving rate of the shiplock with three-step storage basins proposed in this paper can reach to 60% and the maximum hydraulic indexes can reduce by 18%～43% compared with general layout.The water-saving layout can simplify the hydraulic system design.

Abstract:Multiple turbulence jets in opposite direction are the important flow phenomenon in filling and emptying system of ship lock.Based on the large amount of research achievements,the flow characteristics and energy dissipation mechanism of multiple turbulence jets,multiple turbulence jets in opposite direction in filling and emptying system of ship lock are systematically discussed.Moreover,the relevant future studies have been explored.

Abstract:Guigang ship lock for navigation of Xijiang river is very important,which locates in key position of the main navigation lines.A scaled model of emptying valve was established at Guigang second-line ship lock with length scale 1:15.The net opening and closing forces is systematically studied for three structural valves in six emergency valve closing situations.The influent of shapes of root edge of valve and face plate of valve on net opening and closing forces is obtained:1)The fluctuation of water level in downstream river will induce fluctuation of net lifting forces of valve because the water can flow into and out the well of valve freely when downstream face plate of valve was opened.2) The pressure of tilted panel of root edge is low and the suction force plays a main role at the root edge of valve when the tilted panel of root edge faces downstream.As a result,the net opening forces of valve with tilted panel of root edge facing downstream are bigger and net closing forces are smaller than those of valve with tilted panel of root edge facing upstream.3)The pressure of tilted panel of root edge is high and the lifting force plays a main role at the root edge of valve when the tilted panel of root edge faces upstream.Consequently,the net opening forces of valve with tilted panel of root edge facing upstream are lower and net closing forces are higher than those of valve with tilted panel of root edge facing downstream.An extra weight for valve should be considered when a valve with tilted panel of root edge facing upstream was applied.

Abstract:Compared with miter gate,the single leaf gate can commendably adapt to the “narrow high type” ship locks on the river in Western China,but the study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the large single leaf gate is almost blank.In order to explore the change characteristics of hydrodynamic resisting torque in large single leaf gate operation,we carry out a series of basic research on submergence which is the main factor.Through associated physical model test of the single leaf gate and the hydraulic hoist with the scale 1:20,the change characteristics of the hydrodynamic resisting torque during the opening and closing process are analyzed and the relationship between the maximum torque and the submergence and the angular acceleration is obtained.The results show that the greater the submergence is,the more sensitive the maximum torque to the change of the angular acceleration will be.The single leaf gate should adopt the stepless change speed under the large submergence condition to decrease the initial and final angular acceleration,which can reduce the maximum torque and the hydraulic hoist design difficulties.

Abstract:According to the waterway planning of Oujiang river,the capability of Waixiong ship lock is to be 500 t ships from the original 300 t ones.It is proposed to set a grid stilling chamber in the filling and emptying system to make the effective length and mooring condition of a 500 t ship meet the requirements in Waixiong ship lock,and a 1:20 overall physical model experiment is carried out.The result proves that the grid stilling chamber can not only shorten the length of mitigative section in the ship lock,but also play a very good role in improving the flow regime in ship lock,which makes the filling time and mooring condition of the ship meet the design requirements and norms.The layout of grid stilling chamber is adaptable to the centralized water conveyance system.

Abstract:The construction of ship lock relates to deep foundation pit excavation and foundation pit dewatering work.Taking the Gaoliangjian ship lock,Baoying ship lock in Yangzhou,and Yundong ship lock in Gaoyou as examples,the excavation and seepage are described respectively.The reasons,advantages and disadvantages when choosing the support type are introduced in detail according to the geographical conditions and the characteristics of the ship locks.In the future,the appropriate foundation pit support and seepage control scheme can be selected according to geological conditions,different geographical conditions,construction periods and safety grades.

Abstract:Combining with a domestic ship lock project,flow regime in chambers of two types of filling system through the head,in which setted simple energy dissipater and grid stilling chamber,was simulated by RNG κ-ε turbulence model and VOF method.Based on analysis of the simulation,a reasonable quantitative method was given.This simulation turned out that taking turbulence flow energy less than 0.02 m2/s2 as a quantitative indicator to determine the length of mitigative section during filling process meet the norms.

Abstract:Net hydrodynamic uplifting force of reversed tainter value in flat-bottom galleries of high-head lock was studied through steady flow tests,main result as follows:1）The pressure decreased on hemline is the main reason that increase net hydrodynamic uplifting force;2）The net hydrodynamic uplifting force of reversed tainter value has linear relation with square of Froude number of orifice current in every opening;3）The thickness change of value has little influence on the maximum net hydrodynamic uplifting force.

Abstract:The main deposition in approach channel of ship lock is caused by density flow with the characteristics of long distance and large total volume.If the deposition is not treated in time,the navigable depth will be reduced to influence on the navigation security.Due to the limited materials,it has great value for make dredging scheme to calculate the deposition volume by the existing formulas.This paper advances the improved sediment concentration correction formula along river considering the increase of clean water in density flow.The calculated results by the proposed formula matches the measured data well,which provides a new way for the density flow deposition calculation.

Abstract:The flow pattern at the entrance area of the approach channel of navigation junction under the by-pass layout form is mainly influenced by the connecting river’s morphology.Taking Guangxi Yongning hydraulic junction project layout scheme at feasibility study stage as a study case,we prob into the relationship between the flow pattern at the entrance area of the upper & lower approach channel of the junction under the by-pass layout form and the main stream,we also study the improvement measures for the navigation flow condition.Constructing the diversion dike at the lock’s entrance area and excavating the right-bank shoal,we solve the problem of great backflow at the upper approach channel’s entrance area of Yongning junction;Adjusting the lower-stream left-bank excavation line,we solve the problem of serious backflow due to the large angle between the main flow direction at the lower approach channel’s entrance area and lock’s central line,so that we can ensure favorable navigation condition at the entrance areas of both the upper and lower approach channels.

Abstract:Xiajiang hydro-junction is one of the control project of the Ganjiang high level navigation channel,in which the dam site locates at an “S” type sharp bend river section.The junction adopts the layout of structures concentrated with power house and ship lock at different banks.The lock is on the concave bank,and its entrance area of upstream approach channel lies on the downstream of in which the upstream bend convex of the “S” section and the entrance area of downstream approach channel lies on the downstream bend concave of the “S” section,which is neither favourable to the navigation flow condition.Meanwhile,the junction also has the characteristics of low water head and large discharge,all of above provide a complicated navigation flow condition.With the scale model experimentation of the overall junction and the self-propelled ship model experimentation(scale is 1:110),the comprehensive optimization measures have been put forward and verified,which are the along bank control for the both the upstream and downstream and bottom-open-type guide wall for the downstream,and the measures greatly improve the flow conditions in the entrance area of the upstream and downstream approach channels,and all the hydraulic characteristics satisfy the rules,the navigation safety of ship has been confirmed.

Abstract:Taking Laokou junction for example,we study the flow patterns in the upper & downstream entrance area of approach channel on S-shaped curved river by physical model test.The overall model test of Laokou junction and the self-propelled ship model test with both scales 1:100 are adopted to choose some comprehensive measures to improve the flow patterns near the upper approach channel and downstream approach channel.The study results show that,some modification facilities such as partition walls with hollow base,diversion pier,slope excavation,back slope,submerged dike and adjusting bank line,are all used in the modification scheme and get great effect,which provide a basis for the optimized arrangement and navigation condition design.

Abstract:This paper presents a optimization scheduling method on cascade navigation hubs based on waterway hydrodynamic calculation.By dividing the whole channel into some sections and setting virtual sections at the junctions positions,the water level and flow process hydraulic factors of the virtual channel crosses and the natural crosses will be determined by solving Saint Venant equations and water balance calculation considering hub scheduling.Thus,hydraulic factors of all sections of full channel can be computed synchronously and meet the high accuracy requirements of the flow channel level and entrance during the navigation hubs cascade dispatching periods.Joint optimization scheduling model of the navigation hub cascade is built,which can canalize the waterway and improve the entrance area and the navigation flow conditions and optimize the generation strategy,and thus realize the cascade of navigation and power generation comprehensive utilization benefit maximization.Example of Qujiang traffic hub cascade results show that the constructed model is more accuracy and improve the cascade navigable guarantee rate and total generating capacity.

Abstract:Yaojia shipping hub is the last downstream hub on the middle and upper reaches of Qiantang river main stream cascade development.In view of the seepage control of seriously permeable foundation,we carry out the 3-D seepage analysis,compare the geometry size of the cutoff wall and the anti-seepage effect,optimize the anti-seepage mode,and predict the immersion,shoulder seep and leakage.The results show that the fine sand and sandy gravel lay are the main leaking path,the feature of shoulder leak is obvious,the groundwater level at both banks and leak out height on slopes are high.The longer the horizontal length of the cutoff wall,the smaller the seepage gradient at the slope foot and the less obvious the anti-seepage effect. The length of cutoff wall is recommended to be no longer than 600 m.Leakage still exists on the lower side slope under the anti-seepage measures,so,various anti-seepage measures,such as inverted filter,shall be taken to enhance the seepage stability.

Abstract:Built on the tail of Sanbanxi reservoir,Chengjing hydro-power plant generates electricity with the water head of Sanbanxi hydro-fluctuating,which can improve the flow condition of upstream as a result.The navigation lock is built among sluice gates.The flow condition of the approaching entrance area is significantly influenced by the operation scheme of the sluice.The downstream approaching entrance area locates at the convex of bank,and the flow condition is complex and cannot meet the demand of navigating safety.Focusing on the above questions,we probe into the causes of adverse flow regime with a scale 1:80 physical model.Taking measures including decreasing navigable standards,setting diversion piers,excavating the convex bank and optimizing the junction’s operating,we achieve the goal that the flow regime of the approach channel and the entrance area meet the demand of codes concerning the navigable flow.It provides a reliable basis for the hydro-power construction.

Abstract:Jiepai junction is located at the branch entrance of a tidal river on the lower reach of the Yangtze River,and it is close to the main river and keeps an open layout due to limited land conditions.The branch mouth flow is significantly affected by the asymmetric tidal flow of the main river,and the cross flow at the entrance area of the approach channel exceeds the required value on the flood tide diversion case. The results of the physical model tests show that extension of the channel wall could just move the cross flow’s position forward,but can’t reduce its value;bank expansion towards the branch center could provide a shelter for the entrance area of the approach channel,and thus weaken the cross flow,but this method is restricted by the land condition;a permeable navigation wall head would disperse the cross flow and improve the flow pattern significantly,length of the permeable section is determined by the cross flow dispersion effect,while length of the whole wall is determined by the longitudinal tidal flow condition at the berthing area.

Abstract:Three dimensional numerical simulation of water flow in a curved channel is carried out,and the flow characteristics flow in the bend channel are briefly analyzed.By coupling the water erosion with two-dimensional numerical simulation of slope stability,the effect of water erosion on the stability of bank slope was quantified,and the slope stabilities under different scour depths were calculated.The results show that the slope is affected by water erosion more with high water level;The greater the scour depth,the smaller the slope stability coefficient is.The local bank slope collapses to lead to lower stability when the erosion reaches a certain degree.

Abstract:Based on self-propelled ship model test,the paper studies the scale and ship navigation mode of interference area for ships to meet in the intermediate channel between two single channels.The result shows it is reasonable that the intermediate channel interference area connects with the navigation structures through oblique guide wall,and the transition is more than 2 times length of the captain.The intersection area width and ship navigation mode is determined by referring to the relevant standards and design specifications in order that one line ship berthed can smoothly meet another line ship sailing at a normal speed in the interference area,and the ability and security to navigation is improved.

Abstract:A generalized mathematical model is built to analyse the vessels mooring force influence factor using the experimental data of different tumble gate operations of Silin,Yantan,etc.shiplift,and a calculation methods of longitudinal mooring force caused by tumble gate operation are proposed.Based on the calculation methods,the shiplift chamber gate opening velocity and dock errors of water depth are suggested to ensure the safety of vessel in chamber.

Abstract:Based on a physical model with scale of 1:16，this paper studies the change rules of maximum squat to vessel’s wet cross section when ships enter and exit ship chamber and chamber water depth,ship velocity,ratio of chamber cross section.The process of ship out of chamber as control condition of chamber’s design water depth is proposed and dimensionless computing formula of vessel squat is established.With synthesized comparison of squat of ship and ship’s safe under-keel clearance under the different chamber water depth,ship chamber design water depth standard in Xiangjiaba ship lift is proposed.

Abstract:An integrated physical model of the Three Gorges Project and the downstream approach channel at a scale of 1:80 was used to simulate water level fluctuation in the approach channel of the ship lift under experimental conditions,ie.flood discharge,peaking,and ship lock emptying,and superimposed conditions of the three.The results indicated that the water level fluctuated in downstream approach channel of the Three Gorges Project because of the combination of long wave caused by the flow difference between the two dams and the channel and the fluctuation in the approach channel.Under condition of a 100-year recurrence flood discharge,the hourly variation of water level for downstream lock head of the ship lift was 061 m/h.The hourly variation of water level for downstream lock head of the ship lift was less than 042 m/h with one time flood discharge adjustment of more than 2 000 m3/s.Under conditions of peaking,the first wave amplitude of fluctuation in downstream approach channel of the ship lift increased with the increase of flow amplitude and variable rate,while the variable rate depended on the flow amplitude and the net flow between the two dams.When the two lines of ship lock empty at the same time,the water level fluctuation for downstream lock head of the ship lift had no significant impact on running of the ship lift with a maximum hourly variation of 018 m/h.

Abstract:The hydraulic floating ship lift is a new-type vertical ship lift using water as the ascending power and safety measures,which was put forward with independent intellectual property rights in China,In view of the current research on this type of ship lift,we design a simplified model of single shaft balance weight system to conduct the sine vibration test on different frequencies and amplitudes.Experimental results show that the response from the low-frequency vibration response is obvious than that from the high frequency,and the greater the amplitude,the more intense the vibration response is.When the test frequency approaches the the model’s self-vibration frequency,water between the shaft and buoy water swing severely and the buoy moves up & down obviously,and the ship chamber also moves up and down with it.All the above movements will exert a significant influence on the balanced and safe operation of the ship lift,so an in-depth research is needed.

Abstract:The additional hydrodynamic load produced in the process of navigation chamber going into & out of navigation pool is the main problem on development of chamber-launching ship lift.The VOF model,the κ-εturbulence model,and the dynamic mesh method are used to build a 3D mathematical model for simulating the hydrodynamic characteristics of the water-entry process of navigation chamber.The result shows that the 3D mathematical model built in this paper is more accuracy and stability,which can simulate the complex flow patterns in navigation pool produced by the navigation chamber entering into water.By the 3D mathematical model,we analyze the fluctuation and flow distribution characteristics have been analyzed when the navigation chamber enter into water with different velocities to the third stage vertical ship lift of Goupitan hydropower station.The calculation results are in accordance with the experiment results.

Abstract:The paper builds a physical generalized model of launching type ship lift with scale of 1:20 to study bottom type of ship chamber systematically.The effect of different bottom types on water level fluctuation in chamber tank,adsorption force,slamming force and additional hydraulic load during the ship chamber in and out of water is discussed.The result shows that increasing the angle of sphenoid type at bottom of ship chamber can decrease adsorption force and slamming force effectively.Because the increase of angle of sphenoid increases the mass of the ship chamber,the recommended angle is 4°.

Abstract:To solve key technical problems such as reliable driving and precise positioning of steel cables on the drum,as well as synchronized winding of cables while installing steel cables on a drum of more than 4 m in diameter,we take comprehensive control measures and accomplish installation of 64 steel cables on 16 drums with desired installation precision and satisfactory effect achieved.

Abstract:It is an innovative measure for improving the inland shipping capacity by preserving the outdated ship lock as an approach channel in extension and reconstruction projects including Fuchunjiang ship lock.The results show that the water level of the outdated lock chamber will decrease rapidly during water filling for the new chamber due to the smaller wetted area at the entrance of the outdated navigation lock.Consequently,the concentrated hydraulic drop formed commonly at the doorsill of the outdated navigation lock is 7.15 m.Under the prerequisite of satisfying the requirement of the filling time and considering characteristics including the hoisting capacity,vibration,cavitation and over filling (emptying).We propose the optimized mode of the conveyance water locks,i.e.,inermittent opening combined with closing in dynamic water,which makes the concentrated hydraulic drop at the doorsill of the outdated navigation lock reduced to 0.5 m.The flow regime in the approach channel is improved with the optimized mode.

Abstract:To evaluate the navigation conditions of Yinpan lock in the dry season,we carry out the tests of lock navigation facilities,downstream approach channel and ship navigation.The results show that the flow conditions at the entrance area of the downstream approach channel could meet the basic requirements of navigation conditions.However,the lock time is delayed due to the design defects.It is also found that the tail water rushs down the entrance area.The flow condition would be worse during the flood season.It is recommended to check the valve opening method and observe the navigation conditions of the lock under appropriate flow rate.

Abstract:The downstream mooring area of Jinghong hydropower station is close to the downstream approach channel entrance gate.The discharge and power generation of the power station will adversely affect the berthing conditions of the downstream standby ships.We take the method of trail voyage testing to study the downstream mooring area of the anchor parking conditions in the Jinghong hydropower station under different discharge volume.The characteristics of the mooring force and the reasonable standby position of ships are obtained under the different discharge volume.

Abstract:Anti-impact gear field test by the real ship of designed typeis conducted to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of the anti-impact gear of one ship lift chamber.It is found that the ship’s impacting on the anti-impact gear by the ship bow and stern with the designed speed is stopped effectively by the anti-impact beam.With the increase of the impact speed,the oil pressure of the buffer cylinder,the piston rod tension and run-length all increase,and the working characteristics of the anti-impact gear is identical with the design.At the same time,the ship lines and the impaction position are the important factors for the movement of the anti-impact beam,force,buffer time,etc.,therefore,these should be considered in design of the anti-impact gear.

Abstract:Braking accidents of drum brakes which fixed in synchronizing shaft is one of the most serious accidents of hydro-floating ship lift (HFSL).Depend on design parameters of Jinghong HFSL project,the paper analyzes the security risks of ship lift in working condition of the accident,proposes counter-measures and control index.Furthermore,theoretical calculation method of risk prediction is put forward.Through prototype observation tests,the validity and reliability of theoretical calculation method and counter-measures are verified.