Abstract:The cargo and container throughputs of Shanghai port are both listed the first place in the world. However, with the increasing needs on port from the economic development, the growing development of the neighboring ports, as well as the advent of 18 000 TEU super-large container ships and 400 000 t bulk carriers, Shanghai port’s own natural constraints become increasingly apparent, especially, the development of space is almost exhausted. In order to find the way of development of Shanghai port, some preliminary work has been done, and the consensus is more appropriate for building new deep-water terminals in Hengsha. This paper analyzes the difficulties which Shanghai port are facing, and conceives a development path based on the Hengsha east shoal in the future.

Abstract:With the growing demand for land in coastal areas, reclamation is increasingly applied to the engineering practice. As the basic link of reclamation engineering, cofferdam formation directly affects the safe and smooth implementation of subsequent land formation and soft ground improvement. This paper presents the development of reclamation engineering and the structure style and construction technology of cofferdam formation. Based on reclamation projects of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge-Zhuhai-Macao Port Artificial Island, etc, this paper focuses on key technologies such as riprap cofferdam, sandbag cofferdam, composite sandbag cofferdam, plugin steel cofferdam and intelligent control system of construction on water, which provide valuable reference for the promotion and application of the technology.

Abstract:Taking “Ecological Civilization Construction” put forward at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress and “Green Economy” presented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as the background, and combining the idea of “Ecopolis”, this article discusses how to gradually add port ecological planning to the present port environment planning. Then it proposes the definition of “ecological port”. Combining with the examples of real ports and ecological analysis at home and abroad, the article expounds some views on the planning and design of “ecological port”.

Abstract:This paper proposes the main technical problems in the first-stage project of 12.5 m deepwater channel of the Yangtze River below Nanjing city, such as water and sediment movement characteristics and navigation-obstructing characteristics, channel regulation and the timing of key parts, waterway regulation scheme optimization, and waterway’s new regulation structures, and analyzes the solutions to these problems and achievements, which are helpful for the acknowledgement of the construction and understanding of tidal river waterway regulation technology.

Abstract:The organization program of soil investigation which is different from domestic conventional project of marine bridge and tunnel have been adopted in island-tunnel project of HZMB. The geotechnical investigation organization was set up to connect design during investigation. Domestic and foreign design and consulting companies supervised and directed the soil investigation together to make sure that the investigation results were satisfied by designer. International standards were followed, large-scale geotechnical equipments of advanced level were used (such as offshore hydraulic driven jackup, separate hydraulic driven drilling rig, seabed CPTU rig), undisturbed samples have been minimized the disturbance, targeted laboratory tests combining the designing requirements were carried out under international levels, the three-dimensional geological model have been adopted to process geotechnical data. Based on the above fact, the geotechnical results of island-tunnel soil investigation are better than the conventional soil investigation and approved during construction. After the summary of the organization and implementation of refined soil investigation and comparison with conventional investigation, it is recommended that our experiences of refined soil investigation can be used in domestic large-scale project in the future, also it is useful to promote the refined soil investigation to wildly develop in our country.

Abstract:The Yangtze estuary deepwater channel improvement project is an unprecedented, large-scale and extremely-complicated regulation project. The paper introduces the innovative regulation philosophy, structures, construction technology and scientific dynamic management during the research, design and construction process of the project. Meanwhile, the project has some achievements on the aspects of resource saving, environment benefit and low carbon development.

Abstract:The variation coefficient and its probability distribution of combined action and combined resistance are discussed based on the statistical results of calibration calculating for reliability index β by JC method to anti-sliding and anti-overturn stability of gravity wharf as well as some typical analyses by Monte-Carlo method. The result indicates that the probability distribution of combined action and combined resistance all conform approximately to the type of lognormal or normal and then the partial factor for combined resistance can be obtained and set by them, which may serve as reference for revision of the code. On the basis of this, we submit some revision suggestions on the partial factor and the adjustment factor for structure.

Abstract:Mechanics of performance degradation for harbor engineering under stress and chloride ions is discussed. The safety of structure is described by bearing capacity while the applicability is described by stiffness and longitudinal crack. The model for corrosion rate of reinforcement for RC port structures is proposed after considering the effects of stress intensity and duration and chloride ions on structure performance. The deterioration model of bearing capacity, development model of longitudinal crack and degradation model of stiffness characterized by corrosion rate of reinforcement are established based on the theoretical analysis on multiple factors and lab corrosion experiments.

Abstract:To reduce the water block rate of the Zhuhai-Macau frontier port artificial island designed in the feasibility study phase, we ingeniously make use of Macau-Mingzhu area’s geomorphologic feature of projecting outward to the east to adjust the layout of Zhuhai connecting route island, and obtain a good result that the water block rate of the Zhuhai-Macau frontier port artificial island decreases by 37 percent. Meanwhile, the cost, construction period and construction difficulty are reduced. The optimal design thoughts and methods in line with local conditions using for the general layout of Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge Zhuhai-Macau frontier port artificial island reclamation work gain the affirmation of examination and appraisal experts for the preliminary design, and thus may serve as a reference for the general layout of similar artificial island projects on river estuarine zone and nearby the main land.

Abstract:Based on a comprehensive analysis including case analysis , theoretical analysis, river regime analysis and tidal current mathematical model research, regulation parameters such as water level, bending rate and river widening rate are determined. In the service of existing channel plan objectives and channel function positioning, we research the phased regulation scheme and regulation line of the Yangtze River estuary waterway regulation project, which may guide the waterway construction during the planning period. The research results play a supporting role on the compilation of Waterway Ddevelopment Plan for the Yangtze Estuary.

Abstract:In view of the problems existing in the engineering practice in terms of determination of the elevation of wharf deck, a new method is proposed by combining the two existing approaches of the present code for the well-sheltered situation and open seas. Using a single formula, the new method tries to avoid the difficulty in clarification of the semi-sheltered condition of wharf and is also clearer in dealing with the combination of wave loads and water levels besides its better convenience for calculation.

Abstract:After the impoundment and navigation of the Three Gorges reservoir, the volume of freight traffic passing through the Three Gorges dam area continues to grow, and the ability is tending saturated. Moreover, the vessels are getting to a tendency of great size and large tonnage, and nearly 50% of the passing ships’ draught exceeds the designed standard. So it is an important matter to excavate under the kneel clearance to raise the passing ships’ draught and boost the volume of the passing ships are the today’s important problems. Combining the theoretical research with the on-board measurements, we carry out a systemic research on the running of the Three Gorges vessels, computing methods of the control standards about the volume and ship draught, on-board measurements of ships passing the lock and the control standards of the sea gauge, and have achieved several innovative achievements.

Abstract:The surface settlements are uneven after improving the surface-layer of the newly hydraulic mud fill and the named “soil piles” are usually produced. Based on the monitored data of pore water pressure and CPT in the soft foundation treatment engineering, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of soil piles. It is shown that the soil piles are essentially caused by the uneven settlement between the soil around the plastic drainage plates, and the figure of pile seems to be an inverted cone and the cross section is in shape of ellipse approximately. The depth of piles is less than 1.6 m, and the strength of the soil beneath 1.6 m is more even. In the horizontal direction, the strength of soil decreases as the distance to the plastic drainage plates increases. The research indicates that the numerical results agreed well with the facts observed in the field when considering the variations of the soil parameters with the consolidation process. The advices of avoiding or decreasing soil piles are put forward and the conclusions would be helpful for similar engineerings.

Abstract:The time for the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir is very short, and the scour and aggradations of the river bed are in continuous adjustment, all of which make both the inadaptability between navigable base level and navigable condition and the contradiction between available data and determining method for design water level more remarkable. Based on the hydrological data of year 1981—2002 before the reservoir, the corrections of the design water level are calculated by time division, the design water level calculated according to the observed dada after reservoir is revised, and the design water level of part hydrographic stations at the middle Yangtze River are determined. This paper compares the variation of the design water level before and after the reservoir, and analyzes the course of change.

Abstract:As the world’s largest container producing and transportation country, there hasn’t been one automated container terminal put into production and operation in China. The research on the general layout of automated container terminals is crucial for the container terminal construction. Based on the application and development status of automated container terminals both in China and abroad, several common layout types and characteristics of automated container terminals were summarized, aiming at the construction idea of some project, the technical solution for general layout of automated terminals are developed, and related comments and suggestions are proposed, which can be used for the reference of similar projects.

Abstract:It is a great breakthrough in ocean heavy industry that the manufacturing of the first rail-mounted 2 × 11 000 ton gantry crane in the world, as well as direct unloading, split and assembling for super-heavy industry products. To meet requirements on the rail foundation with extreme heavy loading and strict deformation criteria, a new structure type of composited steel pipe pile and sheet pile with extreme wide integrated relieving slab is developed. No well developed calculation method can be referred at the moment due to its structural complexity. The bearing mechanism and calculation method remain the topics for further research.

Abstract:It is one of the important features for cohesive fine sediment that there exist different transport patterns under the effect of the tidal currents. As for the Yangtze estuary, the high-concentrated mud suspension(HCMS) is driven by near-bottom flow with the range from 1 to 2 meters, to which we should pay more attention. The field investigation reveals that the generation of HCMS is related to the settlement characteristics of the cohesive fine sediment in tidal current. The effect of the HCMS movement to the back-siltation in the deepwater channel registers as the water and sediment exchange between channel and shoal. It is estimated that the HCMS transport in the transverse current may increase the amount of the back-siltation in middle of the 12.5 m deepwater channel up to 20 million ~30 milion cubic meters. This would be one of the important factors resulting in backsiltation concentrated in the middle of the north passage.

Abstract:Leisure and travel function is an important trend of coastal port’s function broadening in the new era in China, and governments are now working to promote the development of cruise industry. Based on the analysis of the overall development trend of cruise industry and its spatial structure characteristics, this paper proposes the general ideas of cruise port layout planning, to provide a reference for the cruise port planning in China.

Abstract:By analyzing the current situation of resource saving in container port, this paper proposes the design philosophy of resource-saving container port. The resource factors of container port are analyzed focusing on the key aspects in the construction process of container port, critical innovative technology for resource saving is promoted actively, and the basic experience for the methods and ways of resource saving in the design stage of container port is put forward.

Abstract:The trailing suction hopper dredger is such a kind of construction ships with high energy consumption. By the study and application of energy-saving technology, not only the fuel costs could be saved, also the environmental pollution caused by ships could be reduced, therefore both economic and environmental benefit could be achieved. By introducing the definition of energy conservation and evaluation of the trailing suction hopper dredger, this paper discusses the energy-saving technology and present application status of ship design, power equipment, the development of dredging machinery and integrated monitoring system, and construction of single suction pipe dredgers.

Abstract:A new approach for defining the nautical density using the flow pattern critical conditions of fluid mud around the walls of the ships is proposed based on the similarity between the form of shear flow as ships sail in the fluid mud layer and the gravity flow of fluid mud on the gentle slope. The new methodology can avoid the uncertainty of current ones. Relevant calculation method is provided. It is shown that the nautical density is related to the cruise speed and the thickness of the fluid mud layer. Under the general cruise speed and 0.5~1.5 m thick layer condition, the nautical density in the channel of the Lianyun port is about 1.25~1.35 g/cm3.

Abstract:According to the immersed tunnel projects built at home and abroad, we summarize the popular sinking methods for immersed tubes. Based on the study about the construction process and technical measures of the popular methods, such as floating crane method, floating box method, SEP method and square barge method, we present the merits and faults, and give the applicability of each sinking method to provide a reference for the method choice, technical optimization and new technology research.

Abstract:This paper focuses on the construction technology of cast-in-situ bored piles of the main bridge of the Second Penang Bridge of Malaysia. The main bridge of the Second Penang Bridge of Malaysia is a double-tower cable-stayed bridge. Each tower is supported by 21 pieces of φ 230 ~ 200 cm bored piles with a maximum length of 126.9 m. The piles are designed to be socketed into the penetrating weathered rock layer of 8 m in depth, and with a maximum bored-hole layer of 133.15 m in length. From the construction management on marine bored pile of the Second Penang Bridge, we sum up construction techniques of the equipment selection, drilling, concreting, statistic test of bored pile and others, and accumulate valuable experience for similar pile construction.

Abstract:The value of Cm, the coefficient of hydrodynamic mass, has an important influence on the calculation of the impact energy of mooring ship in the beam sea. At present, there is a great difference among the values of Cm in current relative domestic and oversea documents, and the coefficient value in domestic water transportation industry standards is smaller, which is a hidden danger of building structures. Compared with the regulations on this value, and analyzing the results by referring to formulae and combining the engineering project, we know that the value of Cm in domestic current standards is obviously less than that appeared in other domestic and foreign codes and research reports. It is suggested that Cm for ships larger than 200 000 DWT should be increased to the value between 1.7 and 2.0.

Abstract:Since the traditional bollard has been used for more than 30 years, it is necessary to be optimized using modern casting technology and current materials. This paper introduces a new type of 650 kN bollard from its material, shape, dimension, mechanism and numerical simulation. The new bollard is improved remarkably from the safety reliability, application and maintenance, as well as appearance, but the cost is almost the same with that of the traditional one.

Abstract:This article presents the fundamental states of the management of the Jingjiang reach since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and summarizes the characteristics, preliminary results and general experience of the waterway management, and gives advice such as unified planning, stepped implementation, far & near combination, dynamic management, offensiveness and defensiveness to enhance the durability of the project and set up coordination mechanism of the Jingjiang management.

Abstract:The Three Gorges project is a large and complex project. From project justification to design and construction, a lot of problems with its navigation technique were studied and discussed. At that time, the experts and technicians of the navigation department made unremitting efforts and found better solutions. The Three Gorges dam was completed and at present the comprehensive benefits of the project are being brought into play. In recent years, the amount of traffic in Chuanjiang river section has been increasing rapidly. The work and its accomplishments in the earlier period, such as the decision-making of the project construction time, the selection of reservoir characteristic levels, the optimization of configuration and layout of navigation structures, the justification and determination of navigation channel dimensions and its maintenance measures, the identification and implementation of navigation scheme during construction period, as well as the optimization of reservoir operation program, etc, are all effective. This paper attempts to discuss the successful experience of the Three Gorges project construction as viewed from navigation, which may be helpful to similar project construction in the future.

Abstract:The latest version of the third generation spectral wave model, WAMC4, is adopted for the longterm hindcasting of wave climate for the East China Sea. The model is driven by the NCEP reanalysis wind data spanning the period of 1950—2009. A 2-level nested downscaling framework, covering the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea is established to simulate both wind and swell waves. The model result is validated against field data at Lianyungang and Lengjiasha. Based on the long-term modelling results, the temporal and spatial wave distributions of the area are obtained. The results suggest that the mean significant wave height decreases significantly from south to north, and its contours are consistent with the coastline. For the seasonal wave distribution, the mean significant wave height is the largest during winter and smallest during spring and summer. Furthermore, by comparing the significant wave field of 5% cumulative probability with mean significant wave field, the quantitative relationship between the two is obtained for different sea areas.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of domestic and overseas practical cases of wharves and discussion on the determination methods for the liquid bulk cargo terminal in the codes for port construction of English, America, Japan and OCIMF (Oil Companies International Marine Forum), it is pointed out that for wharves in the open sea, the restrain in the transverse direction is more important than in the longitudinal direction; The adoption of larger horizontal angle and moderate length of the mooring line can effectively reduce the berth length; The berth length can be determined by 1.1～1.3 times of the typical vessel length for a single berth in the open sea.

Abstract:The river reach of Tongzhou shoal and Baimao shoal is influenced by both river discharge and tide. The hydrodynamics is complicated and river bed is active in siltation and erosion. Tongzhou shoal and Baimao shoal are two major obstacle shoals of the 12.5 m deepwater channel extending up to Nanjing in the Yangtze River. Based on hydrodynamic research results of the engineering river reaches, numerical and physical models are used to study the overall plain plan, tooth groin elevation of submerged dike for Tongzhou shoal and Baimao shoal, middle channel transition section elevation of Tongzhou shoal, and the suggested optimization plan. It is concluded that the optimization suggested plan can control the erosion and backward trend of Tongzhou shoal and Langshan shoal, stabilize the discharge diversion of the two branches, and form the bifurcation layout of north and south channels.

Abstract:In order to reduce the top of the seawall elevation safely and reliably, we analyze the domestic and international norms of the tolerable overtopping limit, and study the operation condition, design condition and check condition and corresponding tolerable overtopping limit for three conditions for Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge Zhuhai-Macau frontier port artificial island reclamation works. Combining the physical model test, we carry out the optimal design of wave overtopping of seawall. By controlling the height difference between the artificial island ground and the top of the seawall elevation in the range of normal human height, we can offer well sky and sea view for passengers.

Abstract:The large-diameter concrete cylinder pile used for port engineering is characterized by favorable work performance and low price, and has made great contribution to the port development of China. With the development of the marine industry, a higher demand is required for this kind of pile. So, we develop a new type of pile named “post-tensioned concrete cylinder piles with long pile sections for port engineering” . Experiments show that the pile has better physical and mechanical characteristics, and it can broaden the application scope of the large-diameter concrete cylinder pile used for port engineering.

Abstract:The bucket foundation structure is a new-type breakwater, and there is still no reliable design standards and construction techniques to refer to up to present. Combining with Xuwei breakwater engineering in Lianyungang, we study the load cases, the structure model test, the finite element method (FEM) analysis approach and the reinforcement design method of the structure. The advantages and disadvantages of the soil-structure interaction model and the simplified single bucket model are given by in-depth comparison. Additionally, the Chinese code and ACI 318 code to evaluate the crack width of bidirectional plate are compared via an example.