Abstract:The cylinder array is a common marine engineering structure，but in reality，ocean waves are usually multi-directional irregular waves.It is of great significance to study the effect of wave directional distribution on the interaction of wave on an array of large scale cylinders.Linton and Evans’ method about wave-cylinders interaction is used as the transfer function，which is combined with the multi-directional random waves to predict the wave loads on array of cylinders.The numerical calculation results are verified by the results of the physical experiment.Wave forces and the group coefficients for two cylinders in tandem and parallel layout are calculated.The results indicate that the wave directionality has great effects on the wave force and the group coefficients，especially to the transverse wave force.

Abstract:Anchoring radius is vital to anchoring safety in that it is not only an important datum for judging whether the vessel is dragging or not，but also an important basis for setting reasonable GPS receiver ANC alarm.Previous work on anchor radius calculation formula is summarized according to related specification of anchor radius.The regression analysis of measured data is analyzed by software SPSS，and the relationship between regression curves of measured data and the values derived from previous formula is analyzed.The application circumstances are discussed and new formula for anchor radius calculation is drawn.The work provides a theoretical basis for navigation practice and ensure the safety of anchoring.

Abstract:Taking the Shengsi sea in north of Zhejiang as the research area，the distributions of the wave field inside and outside the protected areas of Zhoushan Sijiao converter station are simulated by the combined application of SWAN model with nested grids and BW model，while the results of the wave factors in front of the cofferdam gap by SWAN model are taken as the boundary conditions of BW model.The results show that the wave directions turn to SSE when the E，ESE，SE direction waves propagate from the outside sea areas to the front of the Maguan dike，and the maximum wave height of the front of the cofferdam gap is from the ESE direction.The diffraction waves attenuate obviously when the waves enter the protected areas，and the design wave factors with 100-year return period and 50-year return period are obtained by the superposition of the diffraction waves and the local wind waves，i.e.the significant wave heights of 1.08 m and 0.98 m.The phenomena of wave refraction，diffraction，and reflection within the large range of the bathymetry inside and outside the protected areas is simulated with high precision，so the combined application of SWAN model and BW model in Zhoushan Sijiao converter station achieves good efficiency on the design wave calculation，thus it will provide reference for design wave calculations of similarprojects.

Abstract:Chloride diffusion process on concrete is closely related to the factors such as environment condition and performance of concrete.This paper examines the effect of five exposure temperatures from 2 ℃ to 40 ℃ and curing age of 28，56 and 90 days on chloride diffusion in ordinary concrete and high-performance concrete.The result indicates that chloride diffusion on concrete increases with the exposure temperature.The degree of influence and activation energy Ea for the exposure temperature is related to the concrete performance and curing age.For the design and construction of concrete structure’s durability under different environmental regions，we should give full consideration to differences of concrete material and curing time on the values of activation energy Ea.

Abstract:In order to verify the feasibility of FEM software ABAQUS’s application to the chloride diffusion in concrete，we carry out an analysis of the previous test by ABAQUS，and develop a subroutine based on USDFLD in ABAQUS to take the time-dependent coefficients，i.e.the diffusion coefficient and the surface chloride concentration into account.We also discuss the influence of the element size and the FEM model dimension on the results.The results indicate that the ABAQUS analysis has a good agreement with tests results，proving that the mass diffusion (MD) module in ABAQUS is able to simulate the chloride diffusion without concerning time-dependent coefficients；while with the developed USDFLD subroutine，the time-dependent chloride diffusion problem can also be solved.For the FEM model，good precision can be obtained when the element size is smaller than 5% of the dimension in the diffusion direction.The models with different thicknesses have distinctions about the chloride diffusion.

Abstract:Based on the fluid mechanics basic equations and gas-liquid mixing coupling calculation equations，the section accumulated by rocks generated randomly was meshed in refinement using finite difference method.Based on CFD software，the simulation model on wave action of mound breakwater was established and the boundary condition was set in accordance with the actual situation strictly to gain an accurate gas-liquid mixing coupling calculation.Simulation results of pressure and flow lines distribution in and around the mound breakwater and strength of rocks indicate that the water depth has an effect on inlet area，pressure and flow lines distribution；the pressure difference of front and back side of the breakwater is necessary for transfusion inside of breakwater；lager local porosity and gap connection degree result in lager transfusion degree and strength of the rocks blocking in flow lines is lager as the conflict between water and rocks.

Abstract:This paper expounds the seismic design method of gravity retaining structures in the US and analyzes the difference concerning the seismic design method in China and in the US.It reveals that for the seismic design method of gravity retaining structures in Chinese and American code，there exist important differences in the concept of seismic coefficient，calculation of dynamic active earth pressure，determination of earth pressure acting point，and consideration for the effect of water in soil.

Abstract:For a detailed analysis of the internal force of wharf bents of multi-layer beam slab wharf berthing structure under the ships’ impact force，we use the 3D and 2D models to establish the finite element model for a comparative analysis.The result reveals that the calculation results of 2D model using the simplified method and that of 3D model have a great difference.This paper presents a method using the elastic supports’ simplified horizontal force，which agrees well with the 3D model structure.

Abstract:For the design of breakwater and revetment engineering，the 3-D random wave test has been widely applied to the research on the breakwater， because problems concerning the wave diffraction，overtopping，three dimensional stability，wave permeability and their mutual influences can be given a better explanation compared with the traditional 2-D random wave test.Under the action of waves with different wave directions and return periods，the 3-D stability and overtopping test for the full-size breakwater which includes the head，trunk and root is carried on，in which the armor block (12 t，18 t and 24 t double-link block) can remain stable，and the largest wave overtopping rate is about 10 L(m?s) of 50 years’ recurrence period.The conclusion on stability is the same of that by the 2-D wave flume，but there as an obvious difference for the overtopping.For the design high water level，the overtopping is about 10%～30% of 2-D model test than 3-D，which is close to the research law of PARI，Japanese.But for the extreme high water level，the gap becomes larger，and even reaches about 50%～60%.Since the 2-D section experiment adopts the positive wave，and it can’t simulate the phenomenon of actual oblique waves，wave energy transport along the breakwater and dissipation，etc.，the wave overtopping will be larger than the real value，but the result from the 3-D stability test is closer to the real situation.

Abstract:The structural damage has a certain effect on structural dynamic characteristics，and it is an effective method to use the change between the modal parameters of damaged structure and undamaged structure.However，it is difficult to obtain the modal parameters of structures which in intact state，and the damage degree is more difficult to determine.To counter the above problem，we putting forward a damage identification method based on the fitting curvature of damaged state，I.e.fitting displacement modal of intact state from displacement modal of damaged state firstly，then getting curvature modal from the fitting displacement modal，judging the damage location based on mutations of real modal curvature relative to the fitting curvature modal；introducing relative change of curvature，the damage location parameters and modal order as the feature vector of damage sample，determining structure damage degree through the support vector machine.The instance analysis shows that the proposed method can detect the damage of pile foundation of the piled wharf.

Abstract:Based on the theoretical calculations and by the economic and technical analysis，the T-type underground continuous wall was proposed and applied successfully to the deep water wharf.Comparing to the conventional rectangular continuous wall，the T-type continuous wall has the characteristics of high stiffness，small displacement，high flexural capacity and low cost，which has a broad prospect in application.

Abstract:Concerning the problem of competition and cooperation relationships of ports，traditional research mainly uses theoretical model architecture or the game strategy and fails in the in-depth analysis of the situation of competition and cooperation relationship of ports.Ecological niche theory effectively studies species growth，relationship between species and community development in the ecological system.According to the ecological niche theory，we analyze the characteristics of port niche and the law of development and build the factor dimension index system of the port ecological niche to carry out the bionic research of competition and cooperation relationship of ports.Based on the theory of niche trend，niche breadth and niche overlap，we calculate the port niche.Using the competitive strategy of niche expansion，co-evolution and dislocation separation，we provide reference for improving the competition and cooperation relationship of ports and achieve collaborative symbiosis between ports.

Abstract:With the increase of the navigable pressure of main channel in the Yangtze estuary，the waterway regulation project of North Channel has been included in the Yangtze Estuary Waterway Development Plan and Yangtze River Economic Belt Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Corridor Plan (2014—2020).Based on overall mastery of current situation of river regime and navigation-obstructing properties in the North Channel，all kinds of advantages and constraints of channel development in the North Channel are comprehensively analyzed combined with the internal and external situation of Yangtze Estuary waterway development，and then the ideas of channel regulation are discussed further.The analysis result is that North Channel is basically exploitable for waterway transport，but meanwhile which may be limited by the factors of Chongming Dongtan Birds National Nature Reserve，Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve and Qingcaosha Reservoir.From the strategic perspective of staged implementation，preliminary ideas on regulation of North Channel are firstly opening the navigation channel with 6 m water depth and then cooperative development with the surrounding needs of building new deepwater port in Hengsha.

Abstract:Taking Xiaomi beach as a study case，we carry out the site investigation and simulate the fluid flow by the software CFD (FLUENT 6.3.26) to seek the reasons for the washout of the dike root.The result shows that the damage causes of the spur dike’s root in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River may be the influence of river terrain’s deflecting flow on the velocity of the dike root.We thus propose the protection measures including siting the spur dike as far to the flow erosion area as possible，reinforcing the dike root or embedding the root into the bank slope，etc.

Abstract:Ouchikou waterway is one of the key navigation obstructions in the middle Yangtze River.This paper analyzes the recent morphological evolution and navigation obstructing characteristics of this waterway.Combining with the project construction aim and standards，this paper proposes the plane layout of the project.A combination of shoal protection belt and revetment is chosen as the project structure based on the comparison of existing navigation structures which are applied to the waterway regulation.Also，the project structures are designed to adopt new structures，which may serve as reference for the similar waterway regulation design.

Abstract:The RNG k-ε turbulence model was used for numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow process of water flows around the spur dike，so as to analyze the influence that different lengths of bend head have on the structure and velocity field of water flows around the spur dike.The computed results show that transverse vortex appears at the bend head section under the influence of the bend head；The longitudinal flow velocity decreases in the area away from the dike head；High flow velocity concentrates towards the dike head；Transverse flows weaken behind the dike axis；The maximum difference between upstream and downstream water levels reduces；And the effect of influence enhances as the length of bend head increases.These findings lay a foundation for investigation on improving the navigation flow condition around the spur dike by the bend head.

Abstract:By ship board measurement and the bottom tripod survey system，we investigate the flood damage area of fish mouth bottom structure in the south and north passage diffluence pass in the Yangtze estuary.The data analysis shows that the main reason for the south side flood damage is the scouring under the flexible mattress and the instability of concrete stone caused by the bottom vertical turbulent flow.The repair work should guarantee both the stability and the bottom protection effect of the bottom structure.

Abstract:This paper presents the on-site investigation and analysis of a new kind of flexible mattress with concrete blocks ballast which is widely used in the Yangtze River.Yanglinyan waterway is a straight braided stream，which needs to be regulated after running of the Three Gorges.The structural improvement measures of beach protection belts used on the Nanyangzhou are studied.The problem of different requirements for different impact areas are solved by a combination of X type belts，unit belts，and steel gabion pad.The engineering practice shows that the new structure adapts to water erosion features.Combining with the use of permeable framework，the stability of the regulation building has a substantial increase.

Abstract:Relying on Guigang second-lane ship lock，we establish a 130 scale physical model to study the downstream lock head outlet’s flow conditions and ship berthing conditions on asymmetric and symmetric energy dissipation grille.The result reveals that adding baffle sill within the symmetric energy dissipation grille，not only the downstream approach channel flow conditions and ship berthing conditions meet the standard，but also the construction technology is simpler than the asymmetric energy dissipation grille.This study also lays a foundation for the research on the hydro-dynamics of the same type downstream lock head outlet.

Abstract:Daijiazhou reach is one of the key navigation-obstructiing waterways in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.After the implementation of the first-stage project，the navigation condition was improved.However，the right edge of Daijiazhou is retreated due to bank failure，which affects the effect of the first-phase project and the construction of the consequent project.Also，the favorable tendency of navigation condition tends to the adverse direction.The design scheme of the protection project is proposed on the basis of geological compositions of the right edge of Daijiazhou，and the structure’s stability is also checked.The present work enhances the understanding of such kind projects.

Abstract:This paper compares the types and hydrodynamic characteristics of navigation lock gate，summarizes the research progress in hydrodynamic characteristics of miter gate at home and abroad from aspects of physical model，prototype observation and numerical simulation，and illustrates the variation characteristics of miter gate’s operating torque.It is suggested to pay more attention to the variation law of flow pattern & flow field，and the hydrodynamic pressure during the movement of miter gates.The rich results from prototype observation of different kinds of miter gates should be integrated and analyzed synthetically.The processing of boundary condition and free surface should be handled correctly to improve the simulation precision.It is of great significance to get the quantitative understanding on the generation mechanism of resistant torque caused by water based on the qualitative analysis.

Abstract:To predict the impact of regulation project on the tidal prism，tidal level and velocity at the Guanhe estuary and provide the optimal regulation plan of the Guanhe estuary，we analyze the natural conditions of the estuary firstly，then build a two-dimensional mathematical model，which is verified by measured filed data，and finally analyze the changes of hydraulic characteristics after the project by the mathematical model.The result shows that waterway dredging project should be carried out with the regulation project because leading jetties can decrease the tidal prism significantly；After implementation of the leading jetty engineering and waterway engineering，the velocity of the flow between the double jetties increases.

Abstract:With the development of water transport，double-lane lock has been widely used in inland waterway.Different construction processes of ship locks have different impacts on the stress，and reasonable lock structure’s stress is the key to guarantee stable and safe lock system.This article uses finite element analysis software to establish the finite element calculation model of double-lane lock under asymmetric conditions relying on Hai’an lock，the characteristics of stress distribution and deformation of lock head and lock chamber under different construction sequence are analyzed.Results show that the differences of stress of lock head and lock chamber under different construction sequences exist on the space，and the difference is apparent close to the center line of the ship lock，and is weakened to both sides gradually.

Abstract:Based on MIKE3 FW model，we establish the three-dimensional salinity mathematical model covering eight entrances to study the problem of saltwater intrusion.Triangles was mainly adoptted，and quadrilateral grid was used to refine the straight channel.The validation is better，and the three-dimensional hydrodynamic and salinity distribution characteristics in Pearl river mouth area are reflectted.The three-dimensional hydrodynamic and salinity characteristics in Modaomen sea area are mainly analyzed and the influence of saltwater intrusion about the Modaomen waterway regulation project is studied.The results show that the salinity value and saltwater intrusion distance are increased by waterway regulation engineering.But the influence is small，and it is not the main reason for the saltwater intrusion in recent years.

Abstract:There are many linear arrangements of prestressed reinforcement in depressed chamber structure.In order to reach a better state of stress，this paper puts forward two reasonable arrangements according to the layout and equivalent principles combining with an engineering project.By ANSYS simulation of two schemes，we know that the stress states are different under different arrangement forms，and reasonable forms can reduce tensile stress and deformation effectively of the lock chamber structure.

Abstract:Daijiazhou river reach is one of the famous shallow risks in the middle reach of the Yangtze River waterway，and its waterway locates in the right branch.After the early regulation，channel conditions improve gradually，but the channel dimensions are still difficult to achieve the planned standard.Based on the characteristics of riverbed evolution and navigation-obstruction，this paper establishes a two-dimensional mathematical model of water and sediment，calculates and analyzes the riverbed evolution trend，researches systematically the second phase scheme of waterway regulation project，and proposes the recommended scheme.Numerical simulation results show that the implementation of the regulation scheme will effectively increase the current velocity of the shallow area on the direct channel，which is conductive to scour after the flood，and thus improves the navigation condition of the shallow area.

Abstract:The navigable water level is the main technology parameter of engineering and an important factor affecting the project cost.The Inland Navigation Standard clearly stipulates that for the comprehensive channels and canals should with locks，the channel’s navigable water level shall be determined based on a set up a comprehensive analysis.Based on the analysis of Xiaoqinghe channel hydrological condition，and considering the function of flood discharge and drainage，and combining with the actual situation of the waterway and rapids，we determine the navigable water level.

Abstract:Based on the elastic-plastic finite element model of the sandy slope and shaking table test，we study the influence laws of dynamic pore water pressure on the dynamic response.The results show that the dynamic pore water pressure of the slope toe increases obviously，and it is the destroyed position under the influence of dynamic pore water pressure，thus it should be taken as the key protection in the actual engineering location.The dynamic pore water pressure decreases with the increase of the average effective stress；The existence of dynamic pore pressure causes the destruction of the slope quickly.The pore pressure caused by the average principal stress increment has nothing to do with the nonlinear deformation characteristics of soil.Without considering the groundwater，the destruction of slope appears on the top of the slope and it shows the obvious lash effect，while the destruction appears on the slope toe.The dynamic pore water pressure values under the action of indoor test are greater than that under the numerical simulation values.However，the maximum deviation is controlled within 15% which verifies the accuracy of the numerical simulation results.

Abstract:Combined pre-stressed precast thin-wall steel and spun concrete composite pile (combined pre-stressed TSC pile) acts a new form with constant section based on the PHC pile.A range of the pile along the top side is covered by the steel pipe.This product owns a good prospect for the engineering application for its lower cost and advantages of TSC pile form.Bending tests are carried out to further research on its flexural performance when the product occupies only a small market share with unclear structural performance.The ultimate bending moment，deflection distribution and other responses of TSC pile and combined TSC pile are obtained through bending tests.Comparative analysis is done to provide evidence for the engineering application of the combined pre-stressed TSC pile by the test results.

Abstract:Combining with the practical project，this paper presents the scheme of foamed mixture lightweight soil in soft soil foundation treatment.According to the groundwater corrosion strength，it calculates the subgrade bearing capacity and settlement.The results show that it will not increase the additional stress and settlement after construction.Considering the influence of groundwater corrosion and controlling the depth of over excavation by the plain fill thickness，both the foundation’s bearing capacity and settlement after construction can meet the requirements.It provides a reference for soft soil foundation treatment.

Abstract:The crush on the top of PHC pile，vertical cracks and horizontal cracks are common problems in PHC pile driving that usually endanger the project’s quality.This paper analyzes the mechanism of common engineering quality problems during the PHC pile’s driving，and proposes effective counter measures.Moreover，advices on restoration of PHC piles with quality problems are presented.

Abstract:Foundation pits of excavated-in basin often has large area and large dredging depth，and they are often close to rivers and sea，so the precipitation of foundation pits of excavated-in basin is difficult and faces high risks.A foundation pit of excavated-in basin in Qatar Doha is super large and deep.Geological conditions of the project site are double strong permeable stratum of sedimentary sand overlying limestone.Groundwater control design of the project uses diaphragram retaining walls and deep wells.Based on the analysis of water level inside and outside the underground continuous wall，seepage flow effects of the underground continuous wall is poorer.Functions of underground continuous walls in this project only embodied in the change of seepage of some areas surrounding the underground continuous wall.Based on MODFLOW module of GMS，we calculate foundation pit precipitation of basin local area.By changing the parameters of deep well precipitation (including the pumping well number，water output and well spacing，and optimize the design of deep wells precipitation，which can be helpful to the design of foundation pit dewatering for similar projects.

Abstract:This paper studies the back-drawing of plastic drainage plate based on Yangshan deep-water port phase Ⅲ(stage Ⅱ) plastic drainage plate construction，and proposes to adopt the looped pipeline to fix the plastic drainage plate end lap and solve the problem of back-drawing.Furthermore，this paper probes into the location of wire rope bayonet in the construction process of the drainage plate. Using the pulley block instead of the hoister，the looped pipeline’s lag uplift and catheter’s uplift can end synchronous and the back-drawing can be avoided to the greatest extent without influencing the construction progress and increasing the cost.

Abstract:Velocity changes will affect the mud equipment cost and cause economic changes while bringing changes of production，thus affect the economic benefits of the project.To ensure the maximization of economic benefit in the process of construction，we must consider the relationship between the two factors in practical construction.The flow velocity which can bring the maximum economic benefit for the engineering construction，which is called the economic flow velocity，is sought between the mud equipment wear and complete production.

Abstract:The cracking of surface concrete is studied for the crest wall of gravity quay based on the observation and statistics of different stages.According to the crack form，cracks are divided into three types，i.e.the main crack，associated crack and secondary crack.The reasons and harm of cracks are analyzed，and relevant control measures are taken.

Abstract:Taking the excavation of weathered granite by high-power cutter suction dredger as an example in Rizhao port，Shandong，we carry out the division of dredged region according to rock property，and establish the empirical formula based on the correlation between mechanical index standard penetration number of weathered granite and dredging parameters. Based on the relationship between productivity in dredging engineering，weathered granite distribution and mechanical property，we rank the dredging difficulty degree of weathered granite excavation on high-power cutter suction dredger，and it provides?a technical support for similar construction of dredging engineering.

Abstract:In upper Yangtze River between Chongqing and Yibin，there are many reaches of shoal & rapids and flow disorder，which is not affected by the back water and has the mountain natural river characteristics since the regulation of Three Gorges Reservoir.There are many shoals，and it needs maintenance and dredging every year to keep the channel safe and unblocked.It is difficult to dredge and sail in the dry season，and it is dangerous for the construction ship，so there is an obvious contradiction between dredging and navigation.Therefore the means of dredging in advance and easing the contradiction between construction and navigation is taken during the maintenance.This paper concludes the experience about maintenance dredging for many years to serve as reference for the future.