Abstract:The calculation method of wave shoaling in the Code of Hydrology for Sea Harbour is still performed based on the linear wave theory,though the linear assumption is proved to be inaccurate in shallow water.In addition,the influences of external factors (e.g.wind and bottom friction) are not taken into account on the wave propagation.To compensate these drawbacks,a numerical model of wave shoaling is proposed based on the energy-conservation law and built under the cnoidal wave assumption.In this model,the shoaling calculation,considering wind and bottom friction effects,as two opposing ways of energy input and dissipation respectively,are taken into account.Based on the numerical model,a computational procedure is programmed.Using this procedure,a wide range of possible conditions is simulated.A practical calculation method (PCM) of wave shoaling for the preliminary engineering designs is proposed via studying the numerical results.

Abstract:Based on the research on the transmission coefficient of pile breakwater in China and abroad,and according to the wave dissipation mechanism of the large diameter cylindrical structure,we determine the main test parameters and test groups,and carry out physical model test.After data processing,we obtain the wave high over the structure,and define that the main factor affecting the transmission coefficient is the relative pitch η,the minor factors are wave steepness H/L and relative ultra Δh/H.On the basis of the Hartmann theoretical formula,and combining the data of the physical model test,we obtain the formula of transmission coefficient.This research provides a scientific basis for the design of large-diameter cylindrical breakwater.

Abstract:The physical experiment is performed to study the berthing condition of Weihai shipyard after it moves to a new site.Experimental results show that the berthing conditions of most berths are satisfactory under the 2-year return wave height.The berthing conditions of the others are neither satisfactory nor too serious for the ship berthing.Based on the MIKE21-BW model,which takes into consideration of wave reflection,wave diffraction and wave breaking,we establish a nearshore wave transformation model.The unidirectional irregular wave propagation and transformation in Weihai shipyard is simulated using this model.The comparison between the numerical and measured results show that the maximum difference of significant wave height is 0.29 m outside the harbor basin,and the maximum difference is 0.1 m inside the basin.The results of calculation and measurement are in good agreement.It indicates that the BW model is suitable for the wave transformation and basin tranquility of Weihai shipyard.

Abstract:Based on the physical modeling experiment,we study the main factors effecting the horizontal wave pressure of the penetrated breakwater with both-sides baffles and their regularities under the irregular wave.Without the overtopping wave,we carry out systematic physical model experiments respectively for the three kinds of structures,i.e.the structure without hole baffle,the one with staggered hole baffle and the one with unstaggered hole baffle,to analyze the influences of horizontal wave pressure effected by the dimensionless factors,which are the relative water depth of the baffles and the wave length-height ratio.On the basis of the research results above,more practical breakwater wave pressure formula are presented,which may serve as reference for the research and design of the penetrated breakwater.

Abstract:The natural frequencies of different areas in Dayaowan harbor are obtained by the Boussinesq numerical wave model.Simulating the surface responses of the whole water to incident irregular waves,we get the results that a small spectrum peak period of irregular wave can induce local low frequency fluctuations after a certain time by wave energy transfers from high frequency to the lower in the local areas of Dayaowan harbor.The incident of the waves can only stimulate the local water resonances such as in the bottom of the harbor and in the small harbor in the south bank,but not in the whole harbor.It is effective to reduce fluctuations in local waters with the measure for decreasing the reflection coefficient of the borders.

Abstract:This paper presents a numerical simulation method based on FEM for the problem of soil cutting using the rake,establishes the three dimensional analytical model for both the rake and soil,taking the visco-plasticity of soil into full consideration and using the revised Drucker-Prager model as the soil model.The simulation utilizes the dynamic explicit algorithm of LS-DYNA software to analyze the cutting resistance at different cutting velocities and depths,and compares the results with theoretical ones,which confirms that the Arbitrary-Lagrange-Euler (ALE) method can be reliable in dealing with the problem of soil tool interaction and lays a foundation for further study in the rake design.

Abstract:The safety and economy of over-water construction are affected by the motion response and mooring performance of immersed subsea tunnel element on the sea.For a mooring project of tunnel element,we establish the numerical simulation model by hydrodynamics simulation software AQWA based on the 3-D potential flow theory and analyze the frequency responses of tunnel element.Considering the JONSWAP wave spectrum and current loads,we analyze the motion response and mooring performance in different directions of the environmental load and combined load.The result shows that the motion response of the immersed tunnel element is favorable in the high frequency region,and the response amplitude is small;the influence of currents for the element is enormous;the mooring force is more serious when the direction reaches 60 degrees.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of mooring system design and construction.

Abstract:One of the technical difficultiesin structures design is to choose the structural type in order to achieve the project goal on the muddy coast.The bucket-based structure can avoid technical difficulties of maritime soft handle,and is a new structure suitable for the silt coast.This paper describes the structure selection of the new bucket-based structure in the application,checking method of structural stability,structural design method,and engineering applications,etc.It is available for reference when the bucket-based structure is applied to similar engineering.

Abstract:Taking the parallel arrangement for example,we study the motion responses and transmission coefficients of pontoon-type floating breakwater under large tidal ranges by laboratory model tests.The results show that the value of transmission coefficients with relative width for the high tide is different from the other tide levels.By a comprehensive consideration of motion responses and transmission coefficients,we give suggestions on the relative width design of floating breakwater.In addition,based on the comparison study on motion responses and transmission coefficients under the same wave conditions of floating breakwaters with different mooring configurations,we point out that the parallel arrangement is more suitable for the water with large tide ranges.The research result may serve as reference for the engineering practice.

Abstract:With a practical application on the large-scaled crude oil unloading terminal in Guangdong province,this paper systematically analyzes the influence of some factors on the throughput capacity of large-scaled crude oil unloading terminals.For a crude oil ship,the whole process involving reaching the anchorage,approaching the channel,berthing operations,unloading operations,leaving berth operations and ships departure to shelter from wind and wave is modeled in detail.Meanwhile,considering the influences of tides,wind-waves included fog,channel control rules and other factors on the above mentioned process,we establish the model to simulate the port & channel system of large-scaled crude oil unloading terminals.The rational throughput capacity of a terminal is demonstrated scientifically based on the port service level performance index.All the investigation may serve as reference for the construction of large-scaled crude oil terminals.

Abstract:In recent years,there are a lot of overseas projects in the sea area where there is a main direction swell with a period of 15～18 s and a wave length of 130～220 m.The comprehensive analysis including construction feasibility,project cost,structural safety and so on is made against those wave with long period and strong wave energy.Meanwhile,based on the design experience of several other projects with the same kind of wave conditions and as per physical model tests,the design main points of mound breakwater under the action of long-period swell are summarized. Keywords:long-period wave;swell;mound breakwater;physical model test In recent years,there are a lot of overseas projects in the sea area where there is a main direction swell with a period of 15～18 s and a wave length of 130～220 m.The comprehensive analysis including construction feasibility,project cost,structural safety and so on is made against those wave with long period and strong wave energy.Meanwhile,based on the design experience of several other projects with the same kind of wave conditions and as per physical model tests,the design main points of mound breakwater under the action of long-period swell are summarized. Keywords:long-period wave;swell;mound breakwater;physical model test In recent years,there are a lot of overseas projects in the sea area where there is a main direction swell with a period of 15～18 s and a wave length of 130～220 m.The comprehensive analysis including construction feasibility,project cost,structural safety and so on is made against those wave with long period and strong wave energy.Meanwhile,based on the design experience of several other projects with the same kind of wave conditions and as per physical model tests,the design main points of mound breakwater under the action of long-period swell are summarized.

Abstract:To acquire a reasonable and accurate monitoring method for the pile-supported wharf in Shanghai seaport,we firstly calculate the pile-supported wharf with the finite element method (FEM) and using ANSYS software to analyze the whole 3D model.According to the result of ANSYS calculating,we get that the threatening bigger strain points on the wharf which are to be monitored in the actual place on the wharf.Comparing the monitoring data and the analyzing result,we find that the two groups of data have the similar trend of high-pile wharf mechanical performance.Each cross shelf plays an obvious role in the impacting of ship.

Abstract:Dayaowan port area is the main area of Dalian container port,of which the comb-type caisson structure was adopted for the north breakwater.Affected by typhoon,barrier boards inside the cavity were tilted and pushed,and the rubble filled bed was scoured.In order to acquire the causes of bed scour,we carry out a model test with the nonlinear wave flume.The analysis indicates that severe wave turbulence inside the cavity leads to significant buoyancy stress in bed,which is the the main cause of barrier board instability and bed scour.The wing plate trepanning scheme can effectively reduce the buoyancy stress in the bed,while there will be increased wave and velocity to some extent.Considering comprehensively the factors such as bed stability,wave penetration and construction conditions,we determine to open a 3 meters hole in the wing plate and increase the thickness of barrier boards from 0.5 m to 1.0 m.The model test demonstrates the feasibility of the plan.

Abstract:To obtain typical components load level range in practical service environment,by selecting design examples for three marina beam members in service,and taking the beam,stringer and track beam as the research object,we analyze the component load level under the “permanent load”or“permanent load plus variable load”. Besides,taking a high-pile wharf in Southern China for case study,we carry out the site stress test and analysis,and obtain the load level in the actual service environment.Based on the site stress testing and theoretical analysis of typical examples,we determin that the load level range for the wharf under normal condition shall be from 0.1 to 0.47,which provide the basis for conducting simulation tests in load-service marine structures and provide a reference for the pier design.

Abstract:Based on the Chinese Code for Design and Construction of Breakwater,and referring to the international codes,The Rock Manual, SPM and BS 6349-7 concerning the design of rubble mound breakwater,we give a definite explanation for the adaptable boundary condition of some formulae,which is compared with corresponding contents in the Chinese Code for Design and Construction of Breakwater. Examples are attached for the designers.

Abstract:The Government of Sri Lanka has been planning to build Colombo port city development project at the south of Colombo South port，where artificial water system,marine basin and artificial sandy beach have been built.The water exchange in this area is one of the most complex problems after building the project.Through the tidal physical model test,the hydrodynamic characteristics,flow capacity and water exchange of the water in the project studied.The result shows that big difference exists among each waters of the artificial river system.The hydrodynamic of southern marina basin is the weakest;the bend top position of the 3 corners in the Canal is stagnation regions and weak current recirculation regions both for south current and north current.But as long as small water level difference exists at the south and north entrances,a certain number of displacements flow may be formed.The model test result shows that water exchange capability is mainly depend on the unidirectional flow velocity and duration.Under experiment conditions the water exchange in the Canal can basically meet the requirement of fulfilling exchanging once per every 10 days and because the southern marina basin is concaved and has the weakest hydrodynamic,it cannot meet the water exchange requirement.

Abstract:A new form of breakwater is proposed according to the design of marina project of Bazhuayu hotel in Longmu bay,Hainan province.Glass curtain walls are installed on the top of breakwaters to enhance the capacity of wave attenuation.Sectional experiments of physical models are conducted to obtain data of different combinations,including wave height behind the breakwater,wave-overtopping discharge,pressure on the glass curtain wall.Results show that the capacity of wave attenuation is improved by new breakwater.Besides,fulfilling the need for aesthetics,the breakwater could provide appropriate wave height condition inside the harbor area,which makes promotion worthwhile.

Abstract:A new simplified model for the distribution coefficient of horizontal force in the bents of high-piled wharf is built and solved in this paper.When determining the distribution coefficient,the superstructure of the dock can be simplified as reinforcing beam.Bents can confine the horizontal and angular displacement.Thus,the rotational stiffness coefficient was put forward and elaborated.Then the simplified calculation model used in standard was modified and the simplified calculating formula for distribution coefficient in the bents was deduced,which was also applied to the wharf of inclined piles.The results show that the simplified formula can improve the design precision,save materials and cost comparing with the design code especially for the all-vertical-piled wharf.It offers a reference for structure design and standard revision.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the influence of harbor basin excavation near revetment on the stability of revetment based on the physical model test.The results show that:before and after the excavation of the harbor basin,6 t Chinese accropode and breast wall are instable,the back of the breast wall scours seriously,the wave height increases or decreases about 2% near the toe,the overtopping volume increases or decreases about 9% behind the beast wall.The toe protection stone has slight deformation after excavation,but it is not the direct reason for the revetment damage.The direct reason is the low elevation at the top of the breast wall.Overtopping generates a large scour pit which leads to the unstability of the breast wall and the revetment structure damage.The repair section drawing is obtained according to the comprehensive consideration of the revetment,wharf and the intake head.The repair section is confirmed safe and reliable by the physical model test,and it has already applied to the engineering practice.

Abstract:During the impounding,channels in fluctuating backwater area become a part of the reservoir as the base level of erosion rises.And those channels are in natural state during rest time of the year.Thus,in response to different conditions,feature of deposition and erosion of channels in this area varies accordingly.Taking Sanjiaoqi shoal as an example,this article focuses on the transformation of shoals’ characteristics of deposition and erosion and navigation-obstructing.Under the natural condition,as the results reveal,the shoal followed the law of sediment deposition on high-water period and sediment erosion on low-water period throughout a year.Besides,interannually cumulative sediment erosion resulting from coming sediment whose quantity sharply decreased is observed and sediment erosion developed as quantity of coming sediment reduced constantly.After the flood season of the year 2008,the storage level of Three Gorges Reservoir lift gradually and Sanjiaoqi shoal became a part of fluctuating backwater area.Rising of the channel’s base level of erosion renders the channel a tendency of sediment deposition.Under the influence of decreasing coming sediment as well as elevated base level of erosion,previously severe sediment erosion is effectively alleviated and the channel shows no cumulative sediment deposition.Meanwhile,the sediment deposition period shows apparent change.Previously,sediment deposited in this area during the flood season could be effectively scoured when the flood receded.While,under the new condition,wholesale sediment erosion won’t take place until the reservoir’s storage level falls next year.Hence it is predictable that the channel condition of Sanjiaoqi shoal may deteriorate with the navigation standard remains unchanged.

Abstract:Xiangjiang Tugutang navigation-power junction is the last cascade of Xiangjiang River Main Stream Waterway Planning (2007),and an important project of Hunan Water Transport Development Plan (2011) as well.So,its construction is very important for the development of Hunan inland waterway.This paper not only analyzes the general layout and engineering characteristics of Tugutang shiplock,but also summarizes the innovation and optimization for the shiplock design:1) in order to optimize the conditions of construction diversion,the pile-column-inserted plate water diversion wall and the chamber wall with the cofferdam function are used;2) the optimization design considering the second-line shiplock requirement by optimizing the first-line shiplock,the hollow-main navigation wall and the bidirectional pier structure are used;3) for improving the landscape of shiplock area,the structure design of lock head is optimized,including arrangement of pipeline corridor in the up-lock head,adjustment of the arrangement of the hoist room in the low-lock,and decrease of the top elevation of the low-lock head.

Abstract:Since the 175 m test-operation of the Three Gorges Resevoir (TGR),the typical reach in the fluctuating backwater area has suffered navigation problems because of the pebble movements,among which the Sanjiaoqi reach is particularly serious.Located on the Jiulongpo harbor,Sanjiaoqi reach is a typical gully and branching reach,and the main channel is bend,narrow,shallow and dangerous.As a result of the change of the sediment movement law due to the impoundment of the TGR,new characteristics appear.The amount of sediment deposition is small,while the influence on the channel conditions is relatively large,and a lot of ships are stranded during the sluicing period.To improve the channel conditions,maintenance and dredging are extremely necessary.Based on the field measured data,we study the characteristics of sediment movements and discuss the dredging plan and effect.

Abstract:Based on the implementation of the 12.5 m deep-water channel regulation project (phase I) in the Changjiang river downstream of Nanjing,this paper focuses on the scouring issues of applied regulation structures,studies the regularity,main influence factors and mechanism of general scour as well as scouring around the submerged spur dike,and respectively deduces in line with the fundamental theory of river dynamics the semi-empirical and semi-theoretical formulas for calculation of scouring depth resulting from initial flow velocity and initial shear stress.Based on practical examples of scouring occurred around non-submerged spur dike and the results of numerical scouring modeling for submerged spur dike,these formulas are verified and calibrated with good effects,and they are not only applicable to the calculation of scouring depth around the non-submerged and submerged spur dikes,but also suitable for the calculation of scouring depth developed at longitudinal dike and revetment in view of the fundamental theory of river dynamics.This paper makes a systematic summary of the major study results related to the semi-empirical and semi-theoretical formulas for calculation of scouring depth.

Abstract:Xiangjiaba hydropower station in Jinsha river has stored to normal level,but its shipping parameters is still a big controversy.To protect the upper Yangtze River’s main basic maintenance dimensions,we carry out a research on the minimum discharge of Xiangjiaba hydropower station in Jinsha river by the guaranteed frequency method,reverse flow method about waterway maintenance scale,natural inflow ratio with the score distribution method,etc. The result shows that the natural inflow ratio with the score distribution method is more suitable for hydropower station in branch streams,and the minimum discharge of Xiangjiaba hydropower station should not be less than 1 296 m3/ s.

Abstract:The Ouchikou waterway is one of navigation obstruct rivers on the middle Yangtze River.The first phase of the project initially stabilizes the pattern of the breach and slot through,which ensures excellent channel condition during the dry period.However,the first phase of the project may not adequately control the navigation trough boundary,and unstable factors exist in the channel river,so it is necessary to implement the second phase of the project.Two schemes for the second phase of the project are presented,which are studied respectively by physical modeling.The comparison and analysis for the engineering effects may contribute to choosing the engineering scheme.

Abstract:During construction lock chamber floor,in order to reduce floor internal force and avoid the generation of cracks,we usually set up wide construction joints.The floor internal force is with the emergence of the foundation settlement deformation,and the foundation deformation process is a consolidation process related to time.The permeability coefficient of consolidation settlement speed depends on the foundation of drainage and soil conditions.We study the lock chamber the Biot consolidation theory in different foundation natures and the settlement process under different loading ways,and get the internal forces under different conditions.Comparing with the internal force under the method of linear elastic slab,we determine the reasonable side load reduction factor.

Abstract:A Lumped-Mass method is presented for the first time to analyze the tension force subjected by flexible mattress and its configuration.The method takes account of the elastic extension,non-uniform mass distribution of the mattress and the acting force due to flowing water.Comparing the calculation result by this method and that based on the catenary theory,we know that the Lumped-Mass method is more applicable for analyzing the flexible mattress in real fluvial environment than the commonly used catenary theory.

Abstract:This paper makes a field trial of deep vacuum rapping reinforcing of the dredger fill,mainly on the physical and mechanical characteristics such as value Ps of soil,moisture content,degree of compaction,plasticity index,the particle size distribution and bearing capacity,etc.The foundation’s bearing capacity and the degree of compaction of dredger fill meet the design requirements after treatment,which demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of this method and proves that this method will have broad application prospects in reclamation soft processing.

Abstract:The 74 m-long and 1.5 m-diameter steel tube piles are driven into Yangpu harbor of Hainan province.According to the whole-process PDA test,pile pressing test,pile pulling test and axial force test,we discuss the distributing law of shaft friction on compressive and tensile load of large diameter and super-long steel tube piles in deep clay area and draw the conclusions as follows.Firstly,along with the increase of penetration,the shaft friction of the same soil increase,but after reaching certain depth of the penetration,its amplification reduces and becomes steady.Secondly,the shaft friction of large diameter and super-long steel tube piles under compressive load is 56.9%～75.0% of its under tensile load.Thirdly,only when the displacement of pile top reaches 1.1%～1.3% of its diameter,tip resistance of large diameter and super-long steel tube piles can be fully functional,and it is about 19% of carrying capacity.Furthermore,the distributing law of shaft friction on compressive and tensile load in deep clay area is discussed can give instruction to the bearing capacity of large diameter and super-long steel tube piles for theoretical research and engineering practice.

Abstract:The capacity expansion of Kemen port in Luoyuan bay had a trait of complex geologic condition. It was planned to construct a specialized bulk yard in Kemen port. However, the great load of the process equipment and the cargo on the yard set a high requirement for the bearing capacity of the foundation soil. The approach of rockfill dumping and dynamic replacement achieved favorable results which shortened the work-period and decreased the cost of the construction. This paper carries out an analysis of the design scheme and the construction method, which may serve as reference for similar projects.

Abstract:The way that pipelines penetrate through the membrane and submerged sealing are two important aspects to the sealing effect of the membrane in the vacuum preloading practice.Two effective methods for pipelines’penetrating through the membrane,i.e.trouser legs forming and flange forming,are expounded respectively.Whether water above the membrane has the sealing effect or not is disputed,non-viscous compressible fluid dynamic model in aerodynamics and the sharp-edged big orifice model in hydraulics are used to approximate the conditions of air leakage only and water leakage only because of the small holes on the membrane.Calculations show that the former condition has a larger magnitude displacement of pore volume than the latter in unit time.Water above the membrane can slow down the loss of the vacuum degree,but still waste energy.Reference can be provided for vacuum preloading projects to penetrate the membrane and overlie water above the membrane reasonably.

Abstract:To research the work characteristics of the large-diameter rock-socketed cast-in-place pile under the load at river port and considering the layout features of the Cuntan phase Ⅲ project in Chongqing,we select the S1# and S2# to carry out in-situ pile tests,and analyze the mechanical mechanism,generation process of skin frictions and tip resistance of piles by the equivalent curve.Meanwhile，the indoor model test is made to study the stress mechanism.The test results show that skin frictions vary linearly,which will be produced when the pile-soil displacement reaches 8 mm,and frictions from rock vary nonlinearly,in which the maximum value is related to the characters of rocks,and generally locates at the place with high rock strength and near the pile tip.

Abstract:The vacuum gradient can be controlled to meet the design requirement of the ground stabilization and the cost can be decreased correspondingly in the application of surface-layer vacuum preloading technology.Based on the treatment engineering of soft foundation in Yueqing bay region,Wenzhou,we carry out a comparison and analysis on the same arranged vacuum pumps and different gradients of working pumps depending on the monitoring and inspected results.It shows that the vacuum gradient should be adjusted according to the degree of consolidation during corresponding course,which can obtain good performance.

Abstract:Combining with a large-diameter bored pile example,this article analyzes the main influential factors of the R.C.concrete cover in cast-in-situ pile,i.e.steel bar spacing and coarse aggregate size,slurry density and thickness of mud cake,concrete slump and the pile hole diameter,concrete impulse and tremie pipe depth,thickness of concrete cover design and construction errors,and puts forward prevention measures,to provide reference for similar bored pile engineering.

Abstract:This paper introduces the concept,theory and development of concrete maturity,expounds the application method of concrete maturity theory in the chain construction,and sets up the strength formula by collecting experimental data to estimate the early strength of concrete by the calculating method and graphical method.By this method,we can remove the form and crane the prefabricated part timely,especially in the winter.We can not only speed up the revolution of the module,but also improve the efficiency by this theory.When maintaining the prefabricated parts by artificial heating,we can estimate the immediate strength of the parts.This can help us determine whether we should heat the parts,which can save energy.

Abstract:Along with the rapid development trend of large-scale ships,port facility towards deep-water is under development,while long-period waves of large swell field will bring great difficulties for the design and construction.Analyzing and comparing the structure schemes for the terminal platform caisson of crude oil terminal,this paper points out that the hydrodynamic response of wave action is necessary in addition to the conventional draft,ballast and floating stability checking.

Abstract:Taking Tianxingzhou coast protecting project implemented at the Zhoutian reach of middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the paper describes the shrinkage,tearing and breakage phenomenon of type D flexible mattress in mattress sinking construction under complex flow condition,analyzes uncertain factors of the shrinkage,tearing and breakage phenomenon,and probes into the mechanism of the above-said phenomena from the angle of force loaded.The result provides a guidance for the design of flexible mattress and mattress sinking construction under complex flow condition.

Abstract:Reducing the contact area of the steel tubular pile with the sea water is one of the anti-corrosion design ideas.Taking the most common materials and the simplest process is a way to reduce the costs.This paper illustrates the construction problems such as underwater installation and gap filling etc.can be overcome and the most economic solution can be achieved by adopting concrete lining design in steel tubular pile corrosion prevention in a Vietnamese project.