Abstract:This paper studies the distribution laws of flow intensity along the flow direction, the depth direction and the transverse direction based on the flume experiments and theoretical analysis, drafting the contour maps of the flow turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy of the five different types of dam structures and distribution laws. Furthermore, the effect of different dam angles on the flow turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy is also explored.

Abstract:To counter the problems and deficiencies existing in the blow-fill-construct craft of dredged materials in the Yangtze estuary, we carry out an experimental study on key techniques of comprehensive utilization of dredged materials. The results show that problems concerning the blow-fill-construct craft, specific soil blown transmission equipment, machines and tools, dredging sediment transport monitoring (Neutron tracer and ADCP measurement of sediment) and separation of water-sediment have been solved in general in the deep-water channel regulation project of the Yangtze estuary, and it has laid a technological basis for the improvement of comprehensive utilization of dredged soils in China.

Abstract:Based on the reliability theory, this paper analyzes sea wall overtopping reliability under the condition of overtopping allowed and establishes the limit state function for sea wall overtopping. The overtopping failure probability and reliability index of a sloping sea wall in Qingdao are calculated using Monte Carlo simulation method and taking the significant wave height and the spectrum peak period as variables. The significant wave height and the spectrum peak period are fitted using Log-normal fitting and Gumbel fitting. The Log-normal fitting is adopted according to the fitting results. It is concluded that sea wall overtopping reliability analysis is feasible, the probabilistic meaning of the sea wall overtopping reliability index is definite, and the sea wall overtopping reliability index is more reasonable than the standard of the tolerable overtopping limits.

Abstract:Using two-dimensional shallow-water tidal wave motion equation and continuity equation, combining with measured data to verify the trend of points, we obtain the realistic flow field, and then analyze the impact from hydrodynamic force and sediment scouring and silting near the engineering site. The results show that the implementation of the project has little impact on the nearby sea flow field except the engineering-neighboring area, and the impact scope is northward 2 km centering the reclaimed area, 1.2 km westward, and 2 km southwest. The maximum scouring is 0.8 m and the largest deposition thickness is 3 m.

Abstract:Breakwater top elevation is one of the main factors determining the breakwater cost. In order to control the investment, this paper calculates the top elevation and model validation using oblique wave reduction, and by wave run-up method. It is concluded that the reduction of the breakwater top elevation has little impact on the inner-harbor mooring conditions under 2-year frequency wave action. Therefore, to determine the breakwater top elevation, we shall consider its functional characteristics and utilization and protection requirements to select appropriate breakwater elevation control standards and calculation methods, and then determine the top elevation of the breakwater.

Abstract:Based on the observation of the current at several stations conducted synchronically in winter and summer respectively in Lianyungang nearshore area, the variation of residual current is analyzed with different seasons and tidal cycles. Results show that the magnitude of residual current is increasing gradually from north to south. The direction of residual current is mainly toward southward in Haizhou bay, while the regularity of the direction southward the port area is poor owing to the effects of topography and runoff. The magnitude of residual current exhibits four varied types, and the direction of residual current exhibits two varied types. The magnitude and direction of the upper residual current are different from that of the low layers in summer, while the vertical distribution of residual current is relatively uniform in winter.

Abstract:There are many methods calculating design wave elements of coastal engineering. Of course, the best way is based on the datum collected to find the right approach. This paper presents the method of typhoon weather charts of history to calculate design wave elements of coastal engineering, which is based on an example of the design wave elements’ prediction of Rudong artificial island. The results show that in a lack of long-term real-measured wind data, we can use the typhoon weather history charts method to calculate the design wave elements to provide the design basis for the engineering.

Abstract:Laboratory test is conducted to study the measuring error of impulse method for detection of installation depth of PVD: Measuring lengths of PVD are obtained for different immersion lengths in water. Comparing measuring errors with immersion lengths, we obtain the general tendency of variation of measuring errors and main influential factors.

Abstract:Based on marine protection works of Pakistan deep-water container port, this paper introduces three-dimensional visible installation system POSIBLOC which consists of five systems with six functions. Combing with practical application in placing armor units Core-Loc in the project, this paper describes its three advantages: POSIBLOC can show the location, direction and orientation in real time due to its visibility and three-dimensional imaging function which can guarantee the construction quality; POSIBLOC adopts double GPS for positioning, and provide continuous, highly precise, three-dimensional location, speed and time information in real time, combined with its target-indication function to improve placing precision; By POSIBLOC, diver checking can be cancelled to shorten idling time, and site work can be executed 24 hours to improve the placing efficiency.

Abstract:In the research of soil-pile interaction with finite element method, the results are consequently varying when we adopt different interface elements. Conducting finite element analysis of single pile separately with Desai element and Goodman element, we study the interface element’s impact on the feature of interface mechanic behavior between soil and pile, and the stress and displacement behavior of the single pile. It is concluded that the differences of mechanical traits of contact interface and the differences of the stress and displacement are minor when the top load of pile is relatively low. On the contrary, when the top load of pile is comparatively high, the differences of two kinds of element are apparent in the following aspects: when adopting Goodman element the subside of the pile block is smaller than that of Desai element, the shear stress on the contact interface is bigger, and the axial force descends quickly along the pile body. The resistance and subside of the pile tip are smaller while the vertical allowable load capacity of single pile is greater.

Abstract:To deepen the study of bearing characteristics of slope passive piles, based on the international general-purpose finite element software ABAQUS, this paper carries out a 3D simulation of slope passive pile. It is found that: The peak load is the main factor of pile displacement and pile bending moment, pile displacement and pile bending moment increase with the increment of the peak load; The influences of the peak load on the pile bending moment is mainly within the slope. The load on the pile top is favorable to reduce the pile shaft moment. The conclusion can be drawn that the ABAQUS finite element simulation is an effective method for studying the bearing behaviors of passive piles of bank slopes.

Abstract:To satisfy crack resistance of wharf surface concrete, the drying shrinkage of wharf surface concrete is studied by experiment. Experimental results show that when the water-cement ratio is constant, unit-volume water content for the wharf surface concrete shall be less than 165 kg/m3; when the water content is constant, concrete of larger water-cement ratio bears less drying shrinkage, and the water-cement ratio shall be controlled to 0.45~0.55; the unit-volume cement content for concrete shall be less than 360 kg/m3, and better limited to 300~360 kg/m3.

Abstract:This paper presents the analyzing process, contents and methods for the prophase investigation data of an overseas project. Based on real projects, this paper analyzes the in-situ data and lab test data concerning the soil layers’ division and statistics of geotechnical test data, and gives reasonable design parameters and conclusions for the geotechnical engineering.

Abstract:A comparative study was made on seismic design of port and harbour structures based on Chinese code, US guidelines and Japanese standards as well as guideline of International navigation association. This is the second of the series papers. The philosophy, performance objectives, hazard levels of seismic design and classification of marine structures specified in these codes were analyzed. It is shown that all the codes except Chinese code are multi-performance objectives and multi-hazard levels for seismic design, and different classifications are made per the consequence of collapse of structure under earthquake.

Abstract:Based on several site selection projects of LNG terminals, this paper describes systematically the whole process of site selection for LNG terminals, puts forward the complete idea on site selection of LNG terminals and gives an exposition on the location, the relation to the port layout and city layout, water area conditions, land area conditions, hydrologic conditions, meteorological conditions, geologic conditions, seismic conditions, construction conditions, society support conditions, port management capacity, navigation conditons, the relations to nearby projects, the investment cost,etc.

Abstract:To discuss port logistics base development strategy and the best layout program in southwest China, we analyze domestic and international port logistics development stage and prerequisites, and put forward the mature condition and problems in southwest port logistics, and investigate basic problems to be solved in the construction and development of inland port logistics parks, together with the development mode, operation mode, development style, and site selection principle, etc. Taking Chongqing Guoyuan port logistics park, the largest port logistics park in China, as an example, we carry out an analysis based on the theory presented and achieve the development strategy and proper layout plan for the inland port logistics park.

Abstract:It is beneficial for the mooring design and experimental study for large jetties in the open sea to set up the characteristic mooring parameters of the typical tanker. Based on the data from intertanko’s standard tanker chartering questionnaire 88, this paper determines the mooring constrained parameters of larger tankers, which may serve as a reference for the design of jetties and study on the mooring safety.

Abstract:Since the traditional bollard has been used for more than 30 years, it is necessary to be optimized using modern casting technology and current materials. This paper introduces a new type of 650 kN bollard from its material, shape, dimension, mechanism and numerical simulation. The new bollard is improved remarkably from the safety reliability, application and maintenance, as well as appearance, but the cost is almost the same with that of the traditional one.

Abstract:At present, drainage area mostly depends on the gravity emission. When the water level is higher than the top elevation of the export tube, the containing water will flow backward into the rain pipes so as to slow down the drainage speed and volume, and thus the port area will risk the danger of flooding. Based on an engineering practice, this paper carries out a theoretical analysis of the gravity drown out drainage measures for the harbor rainfall to prevent the harbor from being flooded by the rainfall.

Abstract:The islands of South China Sea is the immanent territory of China, and it is the inevitable choice for China to develop actively South China sea reef, especially Xisha tourism. According to the site investigation data, this paper explores the framework thoughts of the development of Xisha Yongxing island tourism wharf construction scheme and the next phase of Xisha tourism.

Abstract:The paper uses historical research results of Yangtze estuary and recent flow, sediment and topographic data to analysis and summary of flow and sediment character and regulars of riverbed evolution change, and predict riverbed evolution trend of Yangtze estuary. The results show that since the construction of Yangtze estuary deep-water channel regulation engineering, the river regime remained stable overall, construction of this engineering and the south-north channels engineering are important to remained river steady. The basic law of flow and sediment transport in Yangtze estuary has no obvious change. The upstream inflow and sediment changes cause some changes of foreshore and deep channels, but it’s not obvious of north deep-water channel, the river regime is still basically according to the recent trend of development, it should pay highly attention to some adverse trends of river, it should take some corresponding engineering measures when it’s necessary.

Abstract:The Hengsha east shoal is one of the main tidal flat resources for development and utilization in Shanghai City. To further expand the urban development of land space, on the basis of morphological evolution analysis of Hengsha east shoal, the overall principles and plan of medium and longterm development of Hengsha east shoal are put forward. The feasibility of the overall plan is discussed in detail. The results show that multi-objective demands for navigational channel regulation, land and water resources development, wetland environment protection and so on are taken into consideration in the medium and longterm development and utilization of Hengsha east shoal, which can create remarkable economic and social benefits.

Abstract:The central bar refers to the shoal located in the centre of the river. It is generally found in rivers with enlarged width and is very unstable with the stage fluctuations and changes in water and sediment conditions, which often results in very adverse impacts on the waterway conditions. In order to improve the waterway conditions, regulation projects of the waterway like the beach protecting project with soft mattress and the fish-bone dike project are absolutely necessary. This paper investigates different types of central bar protection projects based on two-dimensional mathematical model of water flow with unstructured triangular mesh method. The results indicate that the mathematical model proposed can capture the flow characteristics around the central bar very well, and further reveal the impact features of the central bar protection projects to the waterway flows which facilitates guiding significance to the regulation of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River waterway with shoals and central bars.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics of Xinzhou confluence and features of within-the-year and inter-annual variation of the confluence shoal, and discusses the influential factors of the shoal appearing. It is concluded that the impact from the lockup of the south inlet’s confluence on the shoal does exist, but it’s not the major factor; The trend of the upstream deep trough of Xinzhou south inlet and the change of the north inlet’s incoming flow are the main reasons for the shoal appearing at the confluence. Based on the analysis, this paper investigates the regulation idea for the shoal regulation.

Abstract:Factors influencing the runoff and sediment changes of the Yangtze River are numerous, and the human activities are affecting the water and sediment movement more and more obviously besides natural factors. Runoff and sediment changes of the Yangtze estuary are influenced by both natural and human activities. This paper uses the Mann-Kendall method to analyze the monitoring information for the current decades at Datong station. The results show that the annual sediment transportation decreases in recent decades at Datong, especially obviously from 2003. The sediment reduction of the Yangtze estuary is mainly due to the significant reduction of sediment supply in the Yangtze River basin, which is caused by the sediment retention by reservoir engineering, soil and water conservation engineering in the upper Yangtze River, sand mining, and sedimentation at the middle reaches in the Yangtze River, etc. It’s obvious that the south branch and outlets delta are scouring recently because of the sediment reduction in the Yangtze estuary. More attention shall be paid to this change.

Abstract:According to the demands of the Design Code for Filling and Emptying System of Shiplocks and the layout characteristics of the shiplock of the water transfer project from the Yangtze River to Hanjiang river, this paper determines the type of filling and emptying system of Gaoshibei shiplock to be short-culvert concentrated filling and emptying system with no need of mitigative segment, calculates the area of the culvert transect at the valve and the key dimension of the filling and emptying system, and carries out hydraulic calculations of lock filling and emptying. The study results indicate that the hydraulic characteristics can fulfil the criteria and design demands and the valve opening modes are reasonable. Moreover, because there is no curtain wall at the lockhead, the double open ditch dissipation is suitable for Gaoshibei shiplock.

Abstract:Togngu rapids is a curved branch shoal-rapids which is characterized by dangerous navigation. The regulation of Xu-Lu section has solved the problem of navigation obstruction of Tonggu rapids. Based on the model test result and according to the engineering effect, we research the water-sediment characteristics of navigation-obstruction features, and probe into the regulation idea and measures for the rapids. The main flow of the rapids tends straight at the flood and falls in the bay in the dry season. In the flood season the upper flow and lower flow are separated and the upper flow tends straight, the lower flow brings mud and turns to the bending area. We can dig narrow deep straight channel assisted with regulation buildings in river to guarantee the channel stability; Considering the separation law of water and sand, we should determine proper diversion point to make water run through the straight channel while sand goes through the bending channel.

Abstract:To support the design of 12.5m deepwater channel construction phase I project downstream Nanjing, Taicang-Nanjing section, we present an analysis of the channel arrangement of the section. Based on the construction standard, natural conditions, channel arrangement principles, navigation requirements and environment, a reasonable arrangement scheme is put forward along with detailed channel axis layout, directions and turning angles. The relationship between the arrangement and ships’ routeing system are also analyzed.

Abstract:After the Three Gorges Reservoir storages water to 175 m, part of the arch ring of Wanzhou Yangtze River road bridge is submerged. Once the ship is out of control or goes off the channel and then collides with the arch ring, the arch bridge is easily to collapse and thus leads to accidents. Based on the current situation of the bridge, we propose arch-shape waterborne up & down anti-collision facility which will raise and fall automatically with variation of water stage. The impact of the anti-collision device on bed evolution, navigation clearance dimensiona, navigation current condition, as well as vessels’ navigation condition is analyzed by physical model test and numerical simulation.

Abstract:In order to reduce the maintenance volume and the loss caused by the typhoon, we carried out a study on the navigable depth of the approach outer channel of Yangshan deepwater port area within the typhoon period. Based on the density, salinity and particle analysis of the bottom sediment and mud sample in the channel and shoal, and a research on the waterway sediment characteristics of settlement, rheological property and sediment incipient, we put forward the navigable density of waterway in Yangshan port area, and gain the seaworthiness bathymetry applying the SILAS measure system, which has good promotional value in the maintenance of silty port.

Abstract:Affected by the adjustment of Wujaingdu hub on the upper reaches, the stage between Wujiangdu hub and Xuantang changes abruptly. Establishing two-dimensional unsteady flow model of waterway on the lower reaches of Wujiangdu hub, we verify the prototype level and flow distribution, calculate the propagation process of unsteady flow wave under different working conditions, and study the impact of propagation of Wujiangdu hub unsteady flow on waterway of the lower reaches.

Abstract:This paper analyzes calculates the soil pressure of the sheet-pile wall on the rock-bedded slope with PLAXIS, discusses the variation trend of the soil pressure and horizontal displacement with different inclination angles, and obtains the value and distribution of the sheet-pile wall on the rock-bedded slope. The research results show that the total lateral soil pressure of the sheet-pile wall first increases and then decreases with the increment of the inclination angles, the soil pressure does not present the simple linear increase distribution, but an irregular distribution, the maximum soil pressure presented on the freeing surface or the bottom of the sheet-pile wall. The results may serve as a reference for the perfection of the Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering.

Abstract:The traditional ocean pile design and calculation methods do not take the seabed instability into account, therefore, the accuracy and reliability of results can not be guaranteed, which will induce that the ocean buildings are not safe enough. So, the seabed instability shall be considered in the pile design and analysis. This paper firstly introduces the mathematical model of the pile-soil interaction considering the seabed instability based on Biot consolidation theory and fictitious pile technique, the soil pressure obtained through which can consider such conditions as ocean environment, seabed soil and pile etc. And then, based on the numerical solutions, this paper discusses the effects of pile top deflection, wave height, water depth and soil modulus on soil pressure, and some conclusions are obtained, which can be referenced in the design of ocean pile.

Abstract:Marine deposit soft clays are often encountered in marine traffic engineering. Their vane shear strengths are important parameters for verifying stability of foundation and slope. However, the marine vane shear test is affected by many factors, such as wind wave and tide, thus it is difficult to implement. Moreover, related research about test data is limited. Based on the results of the marine vane shear test of soft clays in various harbor locations, correlation between test results and effective gravitational stress and SPT counts is analyzed and corresponding equation is built. This is very useful for the application of the marine field vane shear test to soft clay.

Abstract:The direct vacuum preloading method was applied to improve the soft clay stratum with high permeability at a harbor in North China. This method cancels horizontal drainage sand cushion and connects plastic vertical drainage (PVD) with sealed pipe network directly. The energy can be transmitted with high efficiency. The characters of the soft clay stratum were greatly improved. The advantages of such method in economical efficiency and technicality were verified. The instance could be used as a reference for similar projects.

Abstract:The effect of ship wave on the approach bank slope and ship is not stipulated yet in Chinese code. It is particularly important to grasp the influencing rule of ship wave on offshore operation ship. In order to analyze the effect of ship wave on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao island tunnel bridge project in the process of installation of immersed tunnel tube, we take preventive measures. We also research related literatures published by domestic and overseas scholars and domestic and overseas related codes, revise the clerical errors in some literatures and recommend available calculation formulae of ship wave for the installation of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge immersed tunnel tube. The attenuation is deduced through field actual conditions calculation, physical model test, and field actual measurement, etc. The speed restricted conditions of ship navigation for immersed tube installation is also deduced.

Abstract:In order to control the breakwater settlement reservation better, we calculate the settlement of the foundation and embankment in different periods and the settlement in the construction process at all times. According to the theoretical calculation and observation data of settlement, we control the settlement reservation in stages. The result shows that the settlement data coincides with the theoretical calculation.

Abstract:This paper expounds the Changsha comprehensive hub stage II cofferdam closure plan, and puts forward the closure design scheme for the problems existing in the optimization schemes. Using the 1:100 fixed bed model, we research the scour from the water flow to the closure dike, the scour reach of the underwater riprap and the stability slope of the dike. The experiment shows that, we should choose the right closure position and width to reduce the scour of the dike kung; In addition, through the underwater site test, we obtain the scour reaches of different-sized particles and the stability slope of the dike, which lays a scientific basis for the construction organization design. The above conclusions have been used in the comprehensive hub in Changsha second phase construction of river closure cofferdam actual construction, and guaranteed the smooth completion of the closure project.

Abstract:This article discusses the design and construction technology of diaphragm wall structure & cofferdam in Hambantota port, esp. the whole process of marine port formation through basin excavation and pier building. The successful application of diaphragm wall structure & cofferdam to form the dry construction condition reveals that dry construction is feasible to the construction of marine port.

Abstract:In the Sinochem Quanzhou docks with diameter of 2.2 m and 2.6 m bored pile as the foundation, since the large-diameter bored pile in port & waterway engineering is relatively rare, the quality control of slag cleaning and concrete construction is more complex, and abnormal circumstances of basin-shaped sediment and local middle sediment occur in the early construction. The on-site analysis shows that the sand rate of the mud after slag cleaning influences directly the sediment thickness. This paper summarizes the conventional quality control technology of bored pile construction in the port & waterway engineering and puts forward more strict standards to meet the requirements of large-diameter bored pile construction quality. Adopting air lift reverse circulation combined with mud purification device, we improve significantly the quality and efficiency of slag cleaning. The device effectively reduces the sand rate of the mud from the conventional 4% ~ 6% down to less than 2%, and the bored pile integrity is further assured, so the construction quality meets the requirements of specification.