Abstract:Based on a tour of investigation and academic exchanges at IHC Merwede, the largest dredger builder in the world, four international dredging contractors , i.e. Van Oord Dredging and Marine Constructors bv,Boskalis International bv, Jan de Nul Group and DEME (Dredging, Environmental & Marine Engineering), and some under-construction project sites in Europe, this paper gives some insights and suggestions from aspects of codes’compiling, dredger building, investigation, engineering and construction of dredging works, and the development of dredging industry in China.

Abstract:The east beach of Hengsha locates at the estuary of the Yangtze River with deep-water channel at north passage of the Yangtze River in the south, 10 m planned channel at north port in the north, ocean in the east and Changxing island in the west. It is an area embodied with all various advantages such as “ Location, Channel,Coast Line, Land” and large area for land formation. This article puts forward the idea on exploration of Hengsha as the new base for the development of Shanghai based on the difficulty of resource shortage and opportunities for development as to render a service to the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center and the portneighboring economy growth.

Abstract:The anti-typhoon single point mooring system is an effective method for solving the problem of anti-typhoon anchoring of large & medium-sized non-powered vessels, and one of the important keys to antityphoon single point moorings is to design a simple, practical and reliable mooring hawser arrangement. The paper gives a detailed description of a mooring hawser system which is applicable to the anti-typhoon mooring system,together with an elaborate analysis of the medium of rope, mooring ring and mooring method.

Abstract:Inland shipping is not only an important part of the collection and distribution system of the Shanghai international shipping center and comprehensive traffic system of urban and rural, but also strategic resource to achieve sustainable development of economy and society. According to “the views of the State Council on Accelerating the development of Yangtze River and other inland waterways” and “The 12th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development in Shanghai”, the construction of collection and distribution system of inland shipping during the next five years is the key point of this plan, and the objectives and the major tasks of the development of inland shipping during the period of the 12th Five-Year have been proposed in the plan. The main parts of the plan comprise inland waterways, inland ports, inland craft and support and security system of inland shipping.

Abstract:This paper establishes the three-dimensional warm drain numerical simulation of Waigaoqiao electric power plant, and analyzes the probable warm drain horizontal distribution and vertical profile distribution,along with the time graph of intake temperature rise varing with the tidal fluctuation after implementation of the scheme, which provides a scientific foundation for scheme optimization and environmental effects evaluation of intake site selection.

Abstract:This paper introduces the high-grade inland waterway network of the Yangtze River Delta region during the “Eleventh Five-Year plan” period and the “Twelve Five-Year plan” period, analyzes the main causes for the rare implementation of inland container transport in Shanghai region. Considering the real situation of inland waterway construction in Shanghai and characteristics of Shanghai inland waterway transport, this paper puts forward suggestions on inland container transport development in Shanghai.

Abstract:In order to better understand the new Code of Design and Construction of Breakwaters published in 2012, and guide the design work, we make a comparison between the new code and the former one. In addition to exploring the reasons for the revision, we mainly focus on the analysis of the effect on future design.

Abstract:A 2D numerical model is established to simulate the flow field and the sediment concentration during construction of Xuwei Harbor surrounding project. The impact of the entrance scale and the layout of the inner harbor on the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment deposition are studied. The result shows that the hydrodynamic condition near the entrance of the surrounding basin is determined by the ratio of the area in the harbor and the cross section area of the entrance, and the sediment deposition of the waterway and the basin near the entrance is inverse proportional to the hydrodynamic condition. In order to improve the flow condition near the entrance and reduce the siltation intensity in the harbor at the initial stage of the construction of the surrounding basin, the area of the useless waters in the harbor should be reduced and the entrance should be widened appropriately.

Abstract:The Yangtze estuary deepwater channel improvement project is an unprecedented, large-scale and extremely-complicated regulation project. The paper introduces the innovative regulation philosophy, structures,construction technology and scientific dynamic management during the research, design and construction process of the project. Meanwhile, the project has some achievements on the aspects of resource saving, environment benefit and low carbon development.

Abstract:In combination with the flow dynamic characteristics and riverbed evolution features of Fujiangsha reach, it is supposed to implement different training schemes at the channel segment. Based on the analytical results from mathematical modeling and physical modeling, a best comprehensive training effect can be obtained through implementing engineering measures to the sand body at Shuangjiansha segment, which shall be firstly stabilized for the training of Fujiangsha channel. Protection of Shuangjiansha reach is a key river regime control project for the development of Fujiangsha deepwater channel. This paper proposes a basic engineering scheme for the channel training at Fujiangsha reach by comparing schemes of different layout and elevation for the protection of Shuangjiansha reach.

Abstract:Ma’ao harbor of Ningbo-Zhoushan port locates in the central waters of Zhoushan, and Guanmen throat section channel is the main restrictive channel of Ma’ao harbor. Due to the limit of both sides’ reefs and the overhead line, the channel has complicated flow and a sharp turning angle, and thus is one of the most complex channel in Zhoushan area. By reference to foreign norms and the experience of Zhoushan-area’s navigation, the layout of the reef explosion is optimized by mathematical modeling, ship simulation and real ship testing, and the navigation time of ships passing through the throat section of Guanmen is optimized by the measured current data,and the navigational ability is improved by rational using of the overhead line’s catenary form. This paper gives a design method of channel in complex island waters, and can provide reference for similar projects.

Abstract:Currently, ships sailing in the restricted channel of the Yangtze River Delta have differences with ship scale listed in Standards of Inland Navigation (GB 50139—2004). The container ship scale planned by the Ministry of Transport doesn’t include in Standards of Inland Navigation. Restricted channel scales are determined only by regulating the minimum value but have no formula. Actually, waterway scales are directly related to ship scales. This paper explores the way of determining reasonably the restricted channel design scales according to design ship scales based on related experience of channel design.

Abstract:Xiazhimen 300 000 DWT artificial channel is the 300 000 DWT channel built for the first time with the maximum water depth and very complex navigation conditions in China. During the trial navigation of the waterway, 300 000 DWT large real ships are first used to carry out the observation studies of channel’s adaptability in China, and stage siltation observation studies are carried out simultaneously in the early stages of channel excavation. By the basic data of 13 300 000 DWT ship’s real-time navigation parameters and the depth monitoring data within 10 months, the rationality of the channel’s design parameters which beyond the standard is verified, and the adaptability, stability, maintainability and security of the channel is analyzed comprehensively. The analysis shows that the design parameters of the channel are reasonable, the channel can meet the requirements of the design ship’s safety navigation, and the stability and maintainability of the channel are better. These studies provide an important technical basis for the waterway traffic security, maintenance and navigation rule-making.

Abstract:This paper describes the two models by using vertical elastic foundation beam method to calculate the low pile cap retaining wall base. In one model, piles undertake all load above underside of the cap; in the other model, subsoil and piles work together to undertake all load above underside of the cap. Meanwhile, this paper describes design requirements and discriminant conditions of the two computational models. This paper provides reference to design and calculation of low pile cap retaining wall structure.

Abstract:The design of leading marks for the 300 000 DWT approach channel of Lianyungang port needs to give an overall consideration to the navigation needs of vessels under the conditions of current and long-term channel development. The outer channel is 35.6 km long and extends its axis to the direction of Qitai moutain, where the terrain is higher and thus leading marks should not be arranged far apart due to topographic restrictions, they can only meet the navigation need at key sections; Xuwei channel is 20.1 km long and the terrain along its axial extension direction is flat with better construction conditions, while the beacon tower is high.

Abstract:This paper introduces the design scheme of waterway layout and navigational aids for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It is proposed to establish an integrated 3D network system of navigational aids along the bridge waters by combining the use of buoys and bridge navigational marks, visual beacons and radio ones, as well as by establishing the telemetering and remote control system for aids to navigation, with the aim of providing allweather navigation aid service and ensuring the safety of both navigation ships and the bridge.

Abstract:Based on the engineering practice, this paper presents the importance of the survey and design of aids to navigation engineering and the focus of work in the design phase. According to the characteristics of aids to navigation engineering, this paper puts forward problems and suggestions concerning the survey and design in information application, technology processing, as well as coordination, etc.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the AIS system and virtual beacon application in Shangha,this paper analyzes the establishment of AIS virtual beacons and the calculation method of maintenance cost. The conclusion may be used for the determination of the buoyage and beaconage criteria, and thus to promote the establishment and management of AIS virtual beacons.

Abstract:The EPC project of Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge VTS navigation system includes multiple stages such as survey, design, construction, equipment installation and commissioning, trial operation, maintenance and management, etc. It is of beneficial use to try and explore. Under the circumstance of limited investment, tight schedule, heavy workload for coordinating, various stages with close relationship, this method guarantees the project quality and maximum efficiency. This article provides the views on the EPC experience of Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge VTS navigation system project.

Abstract:The wharf dredging is a very special kind of dredging project, especially under the high-piled wharf. The difference of water depth under the wharf and at wharf apron of Jintang Dapukou container dock is now above 10 m. It is known through measurement that the siltation under the pier is over 10 m, which seriously affects the safety of the pile group. Therefore it is urgent to find a kind of device to clear away the silt under the pier. In view of the situation that this device is uncommon in China at present and expensive to import from abroad, the lab carries out an experiment at the wharf apron with the self-developed device deep-suction I to provide technical support for the dredging engineering under the pier.

Abstract:When simulating and analyzing the newly designed dredge pump HDP-263-50-130-4 with sliding meshes, we find that the pump head, shaft torque and hydraulic efficiency are all in periodic fluctuation although with same rotate speed and flowrate. The fluctuation could be approximated using a sinusoidal function whose amplitude is relatively large, and its period equals the time in which the impeller rotates through the angle of two adjacent blades. The fluctuation of pump head keeps a step of about 0.21 fluctuation period ahead torque, while the efficiency curve is ahead of torque about 0.34 periods. When a blade turns to section I of the volute with a 29° angle between them, the pump has a minimum efficiency of about 77%. And when this blade passes section I of the volute and makes an angle of about 16° with section, the pump presents a maximum efficiency of 92%. We draw the conclusion that the fluctuation of pump’s hydraulic performances should be related to the interaction between the rotating impeller and static volute. And the interaction could be mainly presented by the variation of flow field around volute tongue due to different locations of blades relative to the tongue.

Abstract:Several representative dredging materials in China, including muddy soil, silt, silty sand, and find sand, are selected and tested, to analyze and discuss the relationship between conductivity and concentration of dredging soil-water mixture and its influencing factors, also the feasibility of dredging slurry concentration determination by conductivity testing method. The conductivity of selected slurries with different concentration is tested, as well as the impacts of temperature and salinity on slurry conductivity. The results show that there is evident correlation relationship between slurry conductivity and its salinity, volume concentration, temperature. Moreover,sediment particle size gradation also has certain impact on slurry conductivity. Thus, it is feasible to determine slurry concentration by measuring its conductivity, when the influencing factors, such as salinity and temperature, are compensated or treated.

Abstract:The integrated monitoring system for dredging and disposal of the polluted sediments from urban river is developed applying advanced PLC technology and configuration software. The system can monitor and remote control equipment running status of each sub unit in the whole process, and also give alarm information, record the relevant data of the process, provide real-time curve and historical data browsing, and be formed in accordance with the requirements of reports and project the amount of statistics. The system is put into use in an environmental dredging and characterized by stable operation and perfect management functions.

Abstract:In order to improve the loading effect, overflow is preferred in TSHD dredging if possible. Due to the influences of multiple factors, such as hoper size and structure and sediment particle sizes etc., overflow loss is difficult to predict. This paper presents a 2D bi-phase model of hopper(21 643.8 m3) for non-cohesive dredging loads, based on the N-S equations, sediment equations and empirical formula of bed-load sedimentation, to simulate the full loading process of TSHD(including overflow process), and gives a good result on the forecast of such kinds of TSHD loading. This work provides a new approach to hydraulic and loading operation design of TSHD hopper.

Abstract:The application scope of rockfill dumping has been confined to the thinner mud foundation,however, in many of the works in practice, rockfill dumping is also often used in thick mud foundation treatment. This paper, as an example of a dike project, discusses the rockfill dumping of reinforcement mechanism, design calculations, construction control, observation and detection, etc., and the result may serve as reference for the design and construction of similar projects.

Abstract:Taking a land formation engineering as a study case, this paper describes the design method for the rubble mound-bagged sand dike structure and its technical and economic advantages comparing with the whole bagged sand dike or whole rubble mound dike, hoping to serve as reference for similar works.

Abstract:Instability accidents of temporary causeways on soft clay ground easily occur due to a variety of factors such as poor geological conditions, excessive rate of loading, etc., which affect the overall stability. This paper describes the repair measures taken in instability accidents of temporary causeways in a project. Based on the analysis of the bearing capacity of foundation and overall stability of causeway, this paper probes into the key facts of repair measures for instability causeway on soft clay ground. Some proposals are put forward on preventive and repair measures in instability accidents to provide reference for similar projects in the future.

Abstract:In combination with the geologic conditions and utilization requirements of a land formation engineering, we approach the foundation treatment methods of dike and land formation. we compare the methods on construction feasibility, structure reliability and economic efficiency, and recommend the optimal method, so as to serve as reference for similar engineering.

Abstract:Well-obstruction and daub-effect are often met in the process of consolidation by prefabricated drains for ground improvement and their influences on the degree of consolidation are great. This paper expounds the principle of well-obstruction and daub-effect and the influence to foundation consolidation, analyzes the calculation methods of factors concerning well-obstruction and daub-effect, and points out the differences between these calculation methods and analyzes the rationality of the methods. It provides a reference for the analysis and design of drainage consolidation of foundation improvement.

Abstract:Based on the tidal flow mathematical model and erosion-deposition prediction model, we analyze the flow field variation and waterway siltation density to explore the effects under different ratios of length to width and implementation schemes for the borrow area in the shoal of Taizhou bay. It is shown that the variation amplitude of the flow field and waterway siltation density is relatively large on the engineering area after the borrow area is excavated, and that decreases significantly in the region 3km outside the borrow area. Under the condition of certain volume of the borrow area, the ratios of length to width and length to depth are smaller, and the amplitude of flow field variation and waterway siltation density is smaller. Compared with the full excavation schemes, the amplitude of the waterway siltation density can be reduced about 30% by the segmental excavation schemes. This research result may serve as reference for the planning and design of the borrow area.

Abstract:Since the 1990s, the bagged-sand dike has been widely used in port and waterway engineering and its aging performance has been studied by many scholars and engineers. This paper summarizes the aging properties and service life of the bagged-sand dike based on existing research systematically, and gives the aging impact factors and possible life of the bagged-sand dike.

Abstract:This paper, which on the basis of analysis of hydrology and sediment data, uses the numerical simulations of coastal landforms and tidal current, physical model tests and other technical means to research the plane program of an offshore artificial island on the silty shore. The study result indicates that the impact of the artificial island on flow field is restricted within a scope of 500 m to the south and north as well as 1 500 m to the east and west. The island layout is adapted to the tidal current and wave conditions, while the island protection measures,such as submerged protecting dike, long and short bed protections, etc., are effectively applied, and thus the layout scheme is appropriate and feasible.

Abstract:The reclamation dike which is about 18km long in the first phase of the 300 000 DWT waterway engineering in Lianyungang Harbor has great impact on the investment and construction progress. This paper puts forward the construction proposal which combines the blasting compaction dike with the sloping dike of filling bags,which can meet the requirement of saving the cost and shortening the construction period.

Abstract:After the phaseⅡ improvement project of the deep-draft channel of the Yangtze estuary, the bed protection mattress structure was improved to counter the problems encountered during the subsequent investigation.The paper introduces the improvement measures and successful application of the improved bed protection mattress in projects.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the reasons of local scour around the pierhead of Xinliuhesha project in the second-stage bifurcation of the Yangtze estuary based on the research on the river regime and field inspection. It also carries out an investigation on the bed protection of existed projects.

Abstract:According to the small wave, undulate of beach characteristics of engineering zone, we propose the semi-circular breakwater with concrete wall for the first time, which can increase the vertical concrete wall at the top of the semi-circle structure, narrow radius of the semi-circle structure, reduce engineering quantity of semicircular breakwater, and save project costs. Furthermore, we make a brief introduction to the design calculations and economic analysis.

Abstract:This paper analyzes the law of local scour development based on the statistics of a mass of field investigation data. The local scour equation conforming to engineering in the Yangtze estuary is given by fitting based on the real-measured data and semi-empirical equation, so as to provide reference for the design.

Abstract:In recent years, in order to meet the needs of sea beach reservoir explorations and developments, a series of artificial islands have been successfully constructed in Jidong oilfield. The project is characterized by silty sea-bed, shallows, deep grooves, sand ridges staggered distribution of the waters and complex terrain conditions. The project locates in the open sea and has no cover, larger storm flow and frozen affect in winter. The exploration and developments of artificial islands in the sea beach have strict demands in safety and environment protection. Thus higher requirements on the design of the artificial island are set forth. This article summarizes the key technology of artificial island design in Jidong oilfield which covers artificial island function, layout,construction standards, bottom protection measures for beach, dike structure, the island domain, reclamation and foundation treatment, external transport and the main aspects in artificial island design.

Abstract:according to the geologic survey report, the engineering area of an artificial island is characterized by weak soil such as silty clay, clay and silty clay, high dike, tight time schedule, fast construction of embankment and reclamation, as well as ununiform construction speed, so it is necessary to carry out construction monitoring for dike foundation and dredger fill area. The construction is guided and controlled by layered settlement, deep displacement, pore water pressure and other construction monitoring methods, which effectively prevent foundation slide or large displacement, thus ensure the safety of construction and meet the requirement for use. The analysis of monitoring data may serve as reference for similar works.

Abstract:This paper expounds the function of field data gathering and data processing of the integrated navigation system HYPACK in the siltation observation of Xuwei test channel for terrain monitoring process,processed raw-depth, selected depth in SBMAX, checked depth inspection checking and analysis-measuring precision, puts forward matters of attention and corresponding solutions, and describes the drafting of cross-section and scouring-siltation situation, so as to reflect directly waterway silting and scouring variation law.

Abstract:Offshore ocean station is an isolated building in the sea with rough condition. Pile wharf structure is a very suitable structure form to offshore ocean station. This paper discusses the structural type selection, structure design, structure calculation, construction, etc. based on Lianyungang harbor 300 000DWT waterway engineering Xuwei ocean station project which is already under operation. The pile wharf of ocean station design and construction are summarized and analyzed. It may serve as reference for the research and construction of offshore ocean station project.

Abstract:This paper introduces the functions and working principle of the Densitune densitometer,illustrates the method and procedure of verifying the reliability of its measured results, and makes a statistics of the measurement precision. The results show that this instrument is able to accurately acquire the vertical density profiles of soil layers and will provide a good device support for navigation bathymetric survey.

Abstract:In order to improve the sampling accuracy of bed materials, we carry out a contrast test in siltation observation of Xuwei test channel among three methods including sampling by dragging dustpan,sampling by thin-walled drill pipe dragging and sampling by thick wall. Based on the comparison and analysis of the field and lab results, we propose the improved sampling method for bed materials with thick wall, which can not only raise the sampling efficiency greatly but also reduce the labor intensity under the prerequisite of satisfying the sampling requirement. The method is widely used in the siltation sampling of the region.

Abstract:Lvsi approach channel is located in south margin of Subei radiation shoals. The approaching channels are all natural depth at radial sand ridges in North Jiangsu. In order to provide a scientific basis for the expansion of the Lvsi approach waterway, we carried out the trial dredged channel in Xiaomiaohong waterway. The siltation observation includes the topographic survey, hydrologic survey, bottom sampling, etc. The result indicates that the siltation of trial dredged channel is week in the normal condition, the influence of a normal year wind process on the siltation is limited, the significant sudden siltation does not happen after Typhoon Muifa with 5 to 10 year frequencies.

Abstract:In earth-rock works, it is an important subject to obtain the economic and effective optimal results according to the practical situation of earth-rock allocations. The project mainly includes the mountain excavation project, embankment project and land formation project, the stones of embankment project and land formation project are taken from all the mountains engineering. On the basis of the theory of linear programming, this paper proposes an optimized earthwork computation method that is appropriate for the project, establishes the earth-rock deployment optimization model, and then obtains the optimization results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis based on the developed method is conducted which may serve as reference for further application of this method on other projects.

Abstract:Based on the characteristics of lake’s dredging sludge, i.e. high organic content, high water content and low strength, this paper investigates solidification tests with cement, lime and fly ash as improving additive. Proceeding from the changing characteristics of strength and water content after solidification, we study the solidification mechanism of the dredged sludge and analyze the solidification efficiency. According to the fuzzy optimization theory, an optimum model is set up with optimizing scheme of cost, efficiency and time, by which a best project is obtained and analyzed. Results show that the mixture additive of 4% cement and 9% fly ash can be chosen as the optimal scheme according to the model. Due to the mixture addition, the cost decreases about 45% and the shear strength increases to 38%, and this scheme meets the engineering requirements.

Abstract:This paper describes the problem of sheet-pile sinking in some inland channel dock engineering construction, and analyses the cause. To counter problems of sheet-piles sunk or not, this paper gives corresponding solutions. Upon the optimization of the scheme, the sinking quality is improved and the efficiency is promoted.

Abstract:The essence of vacuum combined surcharge preloading method is to combine negative pressure consolidation theory of vacuum preloading method with positive pressure consolidation theory of surcharge preloading method, and to make the soil’s consolidation maximization. The average degree of consolidation calculation method based on pore water pressure and settlement is put forward by theoretical analysis under surcharge preloading condition. Combining with large-area blown filled muck soft foundation treatment engineering practice, loading rate and loading cycle are put forward by observing the pore water pressure and settlement. The pore water pressure change law is studied, and checking calculation of the average degree of consolidation is analyzed combining with engineering practice, and it is proved that the method is reasonable.