Abstract:The added resistance in waves is an important component of total resistance during floating transportation of immersed tunnel elements on the sea. The added resistance was calculated by hydrodynamics simulation software AQWA based on the potential flow theory. The geometrical and physical characteristics were decided by the 3D finite element model of the element and attachment structures, then a wetted surface model of the tunnel element was established to carry out the hydrodynamic analysis. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of parameters including depth of water, towing speed, wave spectrum and characteristics was made. The numerical results suggest that the added resistance when applying the P-M spectrum is greater than the results obtained from the JONSWAP spectrum, decreases with the increase of water depth, may be related to periods and directions of waves, is proportional to the square of wave height and proportional to towing speed as well.

Abstract:A large number of full-scale ship observation tests were made in many typical ports in China.Sample data of braking distance of 199 vessels were obtained. By means of statistical analysis of the observed data of both large samples and small ones, a recommended value of the braking distance of large vessels are given, which provides a technical support for the revision of the codes.

Abstract:The methods for calculating current force and wind force acting on ships are compared using Chinese code, Japanese code, British standard, Mooring Equipment Guidelines and Tug Use in Port. The current force and wind force are calculated under various typical dead weight tonnages for oil tankers, ore carriers and container ships. It is suggested that the tug configuration should be determined based on bollard pull required after calculating the pull due to wind, wave and current.

Abstract:This paper studies the wave crest height of the single pillar and group pillars by wave physical model test and puts forward the experiential calculation formula on the maximal wave crest height of pillar wharf in the different conditions. The research results indicate that the wave crest height is related to the wave height, the distance from the centre of a cylindrical pillar to the centre of the border upon cylindrical pillar, as well as the wave length and wave incidence angle. The research achievement may serve as a good reference for the design of surface elevation of the pillar quay in the open sea.

Abstract:Wave impact pressure is one of the crucial factors in the design of revetments. The experimental tests were carried out to measure the wave impact pressures on armoring concrete slab induced by irregular waves.The impact forces are expressed as relative wave pressures , both maximum and relative impact pressures and were analyzed together by the effect of many effects especially breaking parameter ξ and armor layer porosity. The calculation methods for wave impact pressures were proposed and statistical distribution properties were given.

Abstract:The parameter language APDL of finite element software ANSYS was used to research the dynamic characteristics of pile-gravity wharf panel. The results show that: The dynamic and static calculation results of wharf panel’s internal force is almost the same under the wave slowly varying pressure action, and the dynamic magnification coefficient of wave slowly varying pressure is not obvious; The dynamic calculation results decrease rapidly with the frequency of wave impact pressure increasing, when the frequency of wave impact pressure much more than 80 Hz, the dynamic calculation results are about 0.2 times the static calculation ones.

Abstract:This paper is based on the practice of the removal of steel sheet pile in CSSC Guangzhou Longxue Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., introduces its project profile, construction flow, and equipment choosing overall, summarizes the construction techniques of the removal of the sheet pile and equipment choosing, also concludes the important and difficult points and experience. Relevant theoretical calculation and work practice prove the reasonableness of the construction techniques of the removal of steel sheet piles in the project.

Abstract:The circular type caisson is one of the most widely used structures in the open sea of northern China. Several actual projects prove that the inner forces of bottom and side walls are mainly affected by the layout of the inner partition. Setting the diameter and external load and changing the layout of the inner partition, the analysis of the inner forces of the bottom slab and the side walls shows that more partitions are better for the bottom and worse for the side wall, and the radial-direction partition is better than other types of partitions. Layouts for the inner partition of different parts of the caisson, i.e. the upper part, the middle part and the lower part, are put forward.

Abstract:The traditional way of container terminal vehicle registration is manually, which is time-consuming and low efficient. In order to improve the efficiency, the most important thing is to reduce the vehicle registration time. For the designed automatic identification system, the carton number location is based on the axis scanning and vertical projection which can remove the interferential information effectively, and combining gray-level projection character segment method with Euclidean distance character recognition to improve the recognition effect. Taking vehicle images by cameras and making image processing by monitors, the system can identify the carton numbers,record the results in database, and then make decisions to control all the devices. The simulation results indicate that the system can record the carton numbers automatically, without vehicles stopping, improve the efficiency and reduce the congestion, meanwhile solve the problems of high cost and ununified standards which come from Radio Frequency Identification Devices(RFID).

Abstract:Perforating on armoring concrete slabs can increase the permeating coefficient of the armoring layer, reduce the uplift forces, and strengthen the overall stability of the slabs. A series of experimental tests on irregular waves were carried out to analyze how steepness, gradient of the slope, porosity and ξ influence the value of relative net uplift forces of the concrete armoring slabs, and the impact depth and distribution of the relative uplift forces. For the concrete slabs without pores, the relative net uplift forces decrease with the increase of the wave height and wave length; as for the concrete slabs with pores, the relative net uplift forces decrease with the increase of porosity.

Abstract:Sand gravel cobble soil is a special subgrade filler. Its engineering properties, construction technology, quality inspection and control are different from those of conventional soil subgrade and rock mixture foundation. Based on different field tests such as sand cone method, differential settlement method and DCP method, it studies the relationship between the times of rolling and compactness when the virtual height of a highway sand gravel and cobble is 30 cm and 40 cm respectively. The results show that when the times of rolling is 4 for sand gravel cobble soil, the calculated compactness for different methods all satisfy the design requirements.

Abstract:The re-warming-up of Indonesia construction market provides Chinese enterprises with opportunities. This paper focuses on the analysis of the contracting as well as the risks and setting a managing direction of Indonesian construction engineering. A thorough Indonesia-construction-market’s characteristics are analyzed through writer’s personal working experience and case study of engineering. The research results show that the Indonesian construction market turns sturdy gradually, and the project operation is within a controllable range. So, it is believed that the Indonesian market will be a major leading force of CHEC’s over-sea developing strategy.

Abstract:From the risk definition and classification, the paper analyzes the risk factors and characteristics for the construction enterprises during project implementation, states the risk allocation principles, the usual risk countermeasures, and the all-round risk control measures which can be adopted to control the risks, so as to improve the enterprises awareness for project risks and corresponding management, put precautionary measures into effect,and reduce the risk loss.

Abstract:Concept innovation and technology innovation are performed in the design works of Cuntan terminal of Chongqing port on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Under the construction conditions of typical mountainous terrain and a high wateramplitude up to 33 m, design innovation technologies, such as handling process by quayside container crane, pile-supported space frame wharf structure, step-yard layout and steep longitudinal road slope, have been successfully used for the first time in the river port. This provides a precedent example for the vertical container terminal with large water amplitude and will promote technology development in river port construction.

Abstract:The investigation results on the displacement of some gravity wharves indicate that the displacement of the wharf which is over 0.2% of its height will be completed basically during the construction period, and the active earth pressure on wharf back can be occurred certainly in conformity with the design expectation. It also indicates that the displacement of the wharf which can be used normally will be less than 25 mm during service when the foundation is less compressible. A further statistical analysis reveals that the displacement of the wharf during the construction and service period is closely related to the condition of its foundation. The better foundation, the less displacement. But if the displacement is over 100 mm during the service period when the wharf is built on the compressible clayey soil foundation, it will affect normal operation of the quay and appropriate measures shall be taken.

Abstract:This paper studies relevant ship dimensions, and carries out a numerical analysis of the upcoverage rate and the down-coverage rate based on the probability and statistics theory. Based on the data from intertanko’s standard tanker chartering questionnaire 88, this paper determines the typical dimensions for the berthing and mooring of tankes in large jetties.

Abstract:Based on the design of grain and general cargo berth of Guangzhou port, we analyze the variation characteristics of port water pressure of saturated compacted sand during driving engineering, and put forward the design and construction method, i.e., heavy hammer-low blow to increase the blow frequency, continuous hamming to guarantee a higher pore water pressure of soil around the pile, reduction of the side friction in soil around the pile ,and increase of the thickness of the pile into the compacted sand. We also carry out a specific research on the design and construction control technique for the cross joints of three different kinds of wharf structural types, and propose a new U-shape connecting and filtering structure for the joints of gravity wharf and sheet pile wharf.

Abstract:The numerical model is built up for studying the interaction between the diagram wall and pilecombined quay structure and soil in the Egypt East Port Said Container Port Phase II project. The structure internal force, stress-strain, displacement under various load combinations are analyzed. All research achievements including the displacement and settlement of the combined quay structure are mainly input and referenced data for the detailed design, which is an innovation design solutions for the complicated combined quay structure. The content and design methodology of the numerical analysis may serve as a successful reference for the study and design of similar complicated structures.

Abstract:This paper introduces the main innovation achievements of the subject “the research on the construction techniques of light structure terminal for offshore deepwater and shallow buried rock foundation”,including the new wharf structure, the techniques of wharf connection construction, load calculation, the method of structure design, and energy dissipation system, etc. The problems needing further research are proposed.

Abstract:Based on the wave cross-section physical model test about phase IV & V terminal of Rizhao port,this paper studies the wave crest height, quantity of overtopping and wave reflection coefficient of the open caisson structure, pile foundation-gravity structure, all-vertical & rock-embedded pile structure, gets the relationship between the wave reflection coefficient and the pier height. The test results provide a scientific basis for the engineering design and construction.

Abstract:This paper introduces the main innovation achievements of the subject “The key technology research for the berthing stability of offshore deepwater terminal”, including the movement respond of berthed vessels, the operation standard and wharf length and its axis, as well as the optimization of berthing system arrangement, etc. The problems needing further research are proposed.

Abstract:The hydraulic structures for the ore terminal in Dongjiakou port area include 300000 DWT(marine structures designed for 400 000 DWT) ore berth, 200 000 DWT bulk cargo berth, approaching bridge, embankment, revetment etc. The 300 000 DWT ore berth locates in the open sea, and faces complicated wave and current, conditions, large engineering quantities, and poor construction conditions. This paper analyzes the characteristics and innovation of hydraulic structures from the natural conditions, construction period and operational requirements, and presents some design experience for similar projects.

Abstract:Based on the delft3d technique of the famous software in the world, we establish the twodimensional tidal mathematical model. Firstly we verify the model with the real-measured tidal level and current. Then we analyze the distribution of tidal current in the simulated area after the calculated result of the model is consistent with the real-measured data. At last, we study the situation of Tianjin port industrial zone after completion of near-term projects, and give the detailed characteristics of the tide and current near the engineering site, and evaluate the navigation safety of the logistics wharf engineering in Tianjin Fangtong Group port industrial zone.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the existing condition of the original wharf, and combining the berthing operation requirements and rear development needs, we study the necessity of upgrading the wharf, and put forward the plan reconstruction scheme of the wharf, i.e. setting two dolphins in the berth length direction to meet the berthing requirements of big ships, and adding a new loading and unloading platform of 30 m long upstream and downstream respectively is to meet the berthing and loading and unloading requirements. The corresponding structure renovation plan is also proposed. Through renovating original wharf's plane and structure, the berth ability of the petrochemical wharf is upgraded from 25 000 DWT to 50 000 DWT.

Abstract:In order to meet the trend of large and multiple-function vessels on Changshu chemical jetty, the rehabilitation and expansion schemes are researched according to the principles of not affecting the normal operation of Huihai petrochemical jetty at downstream side, not changing the apron line and handling technology, the ship load from the new large vessels being born by the new structure, and being completely independent from the old structure. Based on the analysis and comparison of several schemes, we put forward a better solution which is proved feasible by practices.

Abstract:Oil spill happen for various reasons during port handling operation and in the course of sailing,and thus do harm to the marine environment. The environmental risk assessment in port marine oil spill played a positive role in the prevention and control of oil spill. But there are still many imperfections. Based on the analysis of relevant data, this article gives some improvements and recommendations for further enhancing the environmental risk assessment.

Abstract:In recent years, port logistics alliances developed a new type of port logistics organizational forms.Port logistics alliance benefits the community and business, but the community at home and abroad and companies that can achieve greater operational efficiency of the union scheduling optimization for less. This article describes the realization of alliances, organizational structure, design principles, operation scheduling and optimization of Union Status, and gives Port Logistics Alliance operation scheduling optimization model instance. Result of the instance of the operation shows that the scheduling optimization model in this paper of the port logistics alliance is feasible, and in the port logistics alliance scheduling process has a certain practicality.

Abstract:There is a difference between Code for pile foundation of Harbour Engineering (JTJ 254—1998) and Technical code for building pile foundation (JGJ 94—2008)in the parameter selection for calculation of single pile capacity. The difference of the parameters in clay between two codes is compared and corresponding solutions are given. At last, some suggestions for the code revision are proposed.

Abstract:The high-speed development of port construction in China brought port coastal resources decreasing rapidly. How to improve the coastline efficiently has become a more and more important principle that must be followed in port construction in China. In conditions of limited coastal resources and surrounding constraint, we realize the multi-purpose layout for the auto ro/ro, container, work boat and war material, etc, which greatly improves the shoreline utilization, and thus may serve as a model for the layout of multi-purpose terminals in port construction.

Abstract:The long-distance and high-speed large-capacity belt conveyor is being use more and more in all walks of life. It can effectively save the cost of transportation, and bring about significant economic and social benefits. Due to the production characteristics of port logistics and transport, it has special requirements the start driving of belt conveyors. The soft start driving can not only save energy, but also meet the requirements of starting performance of the harbor belt conveyor, so it has been applied increasingly to port logistics enterprises.

Abstract:The lateral bent system and the continuous beam with elastic supports are different simplified models for the analysis of beam internal force of the beam-slab high-pile wharf. Too many factors can influence the internal force of the beam. The influence laws of beam internal force affected by different simplified models, different load types, different soil conditions and different section dimensions are mainly studied to provide a reference for the designers.

Abstract:Since the implementation in 2008, relying on the project process, safety, quality and benefits, the Angola Oil Terminal has won the confidence of the owner and shown the good image and brand of the company. This paper summarizes the engineering features, design and construction experience, and highlights the importance of technological innovation for implementation of overseas engineering.

Abstract:The tidal estuary is jointly influenced by the river flow and tidal current. The dynamic difference of the tidal current and river flow and their complex temporal and spatial variation result in obviously different characteristics of water and sediment in different river reaches. The characteristics should be taken into account during the study of estuary regulation. An intergraded method combining numerical model and physical model are consequently adopted in the estuary regulation. Due to the fact that numerical model and physical model have different features and application scopes, the research method and evaluation index should be reasonably selected according to the characteristics of water and sediment in a specific river reach and research purposes. Based on the practice of the Improvement Project of the Deep-draft Channel of the Yangtze Estuary, the application of comprehensive research of numerical model and physical model and their effects are presented.

Abstract:The compound channel is designed into different shadows of ladder-type according to different ship drafts. Small boats sail through the shallow side of the channel while big ships sail through the deep side. Because of the low ability in resisting wave, the small boat’s swing angle tends to increase significantly by the big ship’s wave. The excess breadth between ships is necessarily to be designed to reduce the impact of the ship wave.This paper analyzes the small boat’s swing angle which is affected by the ship wave under different parameters according to two methods (mathematical model and physical model) and judges whether the excess breath between ships can meet the requirements.

Abstract:Along with the further development of economy in China and the implementation of sustainable development strategy, the inland river shipping with advantages of high shipping capacity, low land occupancy, low energy consumption, and little pollution will certainly play greater functions. In addition, the standardization and large-sized trend of inland river vessels become more and more obvious. The small-tonnage ships are being rapidly obsolete due to its disadvantages in capacity and cost-effectiveness. The waterway classification of many districts which was defined in early years has already been not adapted to the developing need of inland river shipping. If the urban development is planned and controlled according to the inappropriate waterway classification standard, the development of inland river shipping will be greatly restricted and it will create great concerns to the navigation safety of vessels. Based on the actual situations, this paper is set out to discuss several ideas and bring forward relevant proposals for the adjustment of inland waterway classification at the Yangtze River delta region.

Abstract:The selection of channel width of grand canal in southern Jiangsu by comparing one-width of 80 meters with a combination width of 80 meters and 60 meters is studied. Based on the analysis of the engineering investment and the social & economic benefits, we determined the scheme of “one-width of 80 meters”, which provides a reference for the selection of the width of busy restricted channels.

Abstract:The improvement of soft foundation is characterized by large-area, tight construction period and great working difficulties. It turns to be a knot to treat the large-area and super-soft foundation effectively and rapidly at a low price. CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Institute has been engaged in the research on the treatment technology of the soft foundation and obtained many innovations. This paper introduces systematically these innovations from the theory, technology, monitoring and checking, as well as energy saving, which can be helpful for the design and construction of treatment for the large-area and super-soft foundation .

Abstract:A vacuum generator system has been newly developed to implement upward flow and simulate underwater vacuum preloading of soft clay in centrifuge model tests. Two vertical drain groups were installed within one model with ideal full coverage of membrane on the soil surface. Underwater vacuum was provided to simulate the consolidation behavior of soft soil. Model preparation procedures and vacuum generation techniques are described.Response of pore water pressure, deformation and change of undrained shear strength are presented and the influence of drain spacing on the rate of consolidation is discussed.

Abstract:The land terminal of Chongqing Donggang project phase I needs excavation and backfill, with the biggest backfilling thickness of 32 m. According to local complex ground conditions, cast-in-situ U rail board foundations were used for the rail base in the backfilling area, by adjusting the sleeper to meet the demands after settlement. In the excavation area, slag free rail board foundations were used in order to make the operation of cranes stable and save investment as well.

Abstract:In recent years, there have emerged many cases that the pier piles take out a larger deviation of the project due to the backfill for the slope. Combining with a wharf project in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, we analyze the interaction between the bank slope and piles of overhead ramp by the finite element method, discuss how the presence of pile foundation improves the slope stability and how the slope soil deformation impacts the pile foundation, contrast the pile’s inner force and displacement in the pile head free and constrained by a continuous track beam, and reveal that the pile force can be improved and the displacement of pile head can be decreased in the latter case.Based on the engineering projects, we propose two measures to reduce the loads of bank slope pile foundation, which are proved to be effective and rational by the finite element analysis method, and which may serve as a reference for similar projects.

Abstract:According to the CPT results before and after soil improvement using vibro-compaction in three different spaces and the application to the permanent works at Port Said East Container Terminal Phase Ⅱ, the applicability and good effect of this method are introduced. The construction parameters and experience shall be applied to similar projects.

Abstract:Calculation of negative friction is one of the most important problems in the design of pile foundation engineering. As ports and other ancillary works engineering mostly locate at the region of tideland and dredger fill sedimentation, soft soil layers such as sludge or mud soil which are thick and unconsolidated are widespread. Thus, it’s necessary to take into account the influence of negative friction and drop-down loads on pile foundations. At present, although calculation methods of negative friction on pile foundations are provided in the national codes, but relative clauses need to be improved. Based on research results and engineering practice over the world, this paper summarizes the research progress in the negative friction of pile foundation. Furthermore,a simplified method for calculating the negative friction and drop-down loads is provided. Project optimization measures for reducing the friction on pile foundations are discussed and future research are forecasted.

Abstract:The composite foundation with sand compaction piles possesses higher bearing capacity, which makes it possible to build the gravity structure on the composite foundation. On the background of the quay of the east harbor basin in Yangshan deepwater port, this paper mainly introduces the design technologies about the gravity quay on the composite foundation with sand compaction piles, which may serve as a reference for similar engineering.

Abstract:Super-deep T-shape diaphragm walls of Port Said East Container Terminal-Phase 2 Marine Works in Egypt are embedded in a two-layered stratum with soft upper and hard lower layers with high water head by sea. Because of more than 60 m depth of groove, the technology of trenching was crucial, and groove walls easy to collapse and its verticality insured more than 1/300 were two of momentous technical puzzles to be solved. Central equipments with hydraulic grab buckets and rotary drilling drivers were selected for the trench construction. In the process of trenching, some effective measures were adopted such as guide wall construction, groove walls advance reinforcement, mud of allocated proportion, liquid level controlling, etc., and momentous technical puzzles of trench construction were solved. Results show that the verticality of super-deep T-shape diaphragm walls is very well without its hole collapse. The trench can be finished with short time, low cost and good quality, and good social and economical benefits are gained.

Abstract:In order to solve the laying problem of the sand cushion on ultra-soft soil, and to decrease the cost in vacuum preloading projects because of the increasing price of the natural sand, the recyclable three dimensional drainage net made of polythene is used to replace the sand cushion. A comparison has been carried out between the sand cushion and the three dimensional drainage net when they act as horizontal drainage cushion. Field tests are conducted to verify the vacuum degree under the sealing film and the vertical drainage effectiveness of soil under the drainage net. The action mechanism, the laying method and the recyclable utilization method are studied in the tests. The tests results show that it is feasible to replace the sand cushion with geotechnical drainage net and this technology is more convenient and effective for the improvement of ultra-soft soil.