The multi-row pile quay wall is a new permanent structure composed of multiple piles,relieving slab,flood control walls,backfill sand,etc.,which can also serve as a working wharf.The retaining effect of covered pile has been widely studied in sheet pile wharf,but it is still lacking in multi-row pile quay wall structures.Relying on the Changxing harbor Pool Project,this paper establishes a multi-row pile quay wall structure through the three-dimensional finite element software PLAXIS 3D,and studies the influence of whether there are covered piles,the row spacing between the front pile and the covered pile,the spacing between the covered pile,and the stiffness of the front pile on the internal force and deformation of the multi-row pile quay wall.The following conclusions are drawn when there are covered piles,the overall displacement of the multi-row pile quay wall is small,and the bending moment of the front pile is less.The spacing between the front and rear rows of piles，the distance between the covered piles,and the stiffness of the front piles all affect the internal force of the front piles.The internal force of the front piles decreases as the distance between the front rear rows of piles and the distance between the covered piles decrease,and decreases as the stiffness of the front piles decreases.Considering the site conditions and project cost,the sensitivity of different parameters to the retaining effect of the curtain is evaluated:the stiffness of the front pile > the spacing between the front pile and the covered pile > the spacing between the rear row covered pile.On this basis,an optimized design scheme is proposed,which can reduce the bending moment of the front pile by 50% compared with the original scheme,providing a certain reference for subsequent engineering applications.