Considering the complexity of geological conditions and the existence of important facilities such as oil pipelines,underwater reef blasting,as an important means of port construction and waterway dredging,needs to ensure the safety of the project.To reduce the harm of shock waves,vibrations,and blasting surges generated by blasting to the surrounding environment,this study conducts a thorough analysis of geological conditions and selects appropriate blasting free surfaces to reduce the impact of blasting vibration.When conducting underwater reef blasting work,trial blasting research is conducted to achieve the best effect by adjusting blasting parameters such as charge amount and detonation time,and the stability and safety of blasting can be improved by designing the optimal charging structure.The research results can provide technical references for underwater reef blasting projects with hard geology,deep water depth,complex construction conditions,and the need to ensure the safety of important buildings in the construction area.