Digital twin waterway is a new type of waterway infrastructure formed by the integration and development of the new generation information technology and traditional waterway specialties.Based on the practical application of digital twin waterway engineering,we expound the concept of digital twin waterway,and build a five-dimensional architecture including physical entity waterway,spatiotemporal data,twin drive engine,virtual digital waterway and scene service application.According to the logical relationship between the digital space and the physical world,we propose a five-level digital twin channel maturity level characterized by “simulation (L1),mapping (L2),control (L3),prediction (L4) and optimization (L5)”.Based on the five-dimensional architecture and the five-level maturity level,we design a set of digital twin channel maturity evaluation model,and carry out the grading evaluation of a section of digital twin waterway,which can clearly show its strengths and weaknesses in the construction of the digital twin waterway.The results show that the digital twin waterway maturity level evaluation model proposed in this paper can effectively guide the construction of digital twin waterway.