The opening time of ship lock valves has an impact on the navigation efficiency of the lock chamber，the pressure of the water conveyance gallery，and the berthing conditions of the lock chamber.To optimize the operation mode of the valves，physical model tests are used to analyze the factors such as the water level of the ship lock inlet，the pressure characteristics of the water passage，the ship mooring force in the lock chamber and the downstream channel.The results show that the mooring force of ship in front transverse，rear transverse and longitudinal direction decreases with the increase of valve opening time，and the mooring force of ship in longitudinal direction is greater than that of ship in transverse direction.With the increase of the opening time of the valve，the pressure in the passage gallery decreases first and then increases during water filling，while gradually increases during water discharge.It is considered that the overall operation effect of the ship lock is better when the valve opening time is 6 min.The conclusion can provide technical support for engineering practice.