When alluvium river is subjected to resistance，the hydraulic and pattern parameters of the river will produce a series of changes to establish a relative equilibrium state to adapt to different water and sediment conditions，resulting in the emergence of different river patterns. According to Darcy’s formula，the dimensionless longitudinal and transverse stability index of the river are obtained with experimental and dimensional analysis method，and the comprehensive stability index is obtained as the river pattern judgment parameter by introducing the river pattern parameters and the deformation of the formula based on the resistance rule. Data analysis of natural river data shows that the proposed river type parameters can distinguish different river patterns by several river hydraulic parameters.