Aiming at the safety problems of large entrance ship lock during construction，based on Qianwei ship lock of the Minjiang River，we monitor the settlement and displacement of the upper and lower approach channel，the upper and lower lock head and the lock chamber，the earth pressure behind the wall，the base pressure，the seepage pressure at the bottom of the wall，the stress and strain of concrete and steel in the key parts of the lock. The results show that the measured values of the earth pressure of the ship lock are mainly affected by the pouring of the upper concrete and the backfill earth pressure behind the wall. The measured values of each measuring point of the strain gauge group are mainly affected by the hydration heat of concrete at the initial stage，and are mainly affected by the pouring of surrounding concrete at the later stage. The measured values of each measuring point of the steel bar gauge are mainly affected by the construction stress change of the upper concrete. The pouring time of concrete should be reasonably arranged and the hydration heat of concrete should be controlled during the construction of ship lock.