The characteristics of the sandy seabed greatly affect the interaction between waves and single-pile foundation structures，while simplifying the porous medium seabed into a rigid and impermeable solid seabed ignores the effect of the porous medium seabed on wave energy. This study investigates the effects of the porosity of the sandy seabed and the average particle size of the medium particles on the wave load on a single pile，and five wave channel experiments with different seabed characteristics are designed. The results show that under the same wave condition，the pore flow inside the sandy seabed structure has an attenuation effect on the wave energy. As the particle diameter increases，the wave energy attenuation becomes more obvious，and the wave load on the single pile is smaller. When the porosity of the seabed is small，the water flow inside the seabed structure is weak，and the porous structure has no obvious effect on wave energy dissipation. When the seabed porosity is further increased，the water flow within the seabed structure is enhanced，the porous structure has a significant effect on the energy dissipation of the wave，and the wave load on the single pile is significantly weakened.