This paper selects the annual runoff and annual sediment transport data of Qianjiang station,Dajingjiangkou station,Wuzhou station,and Gaoyao station from 1957 to 2016 in the mainstreams of Xijiang River,applies Mann-Kendall test,5-year sliding test,cumulative anomaly methods to carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis,uses the simulated annealing algorithm for nonlinear regression analysis at the same time,and obtains the changes of annual runoff and annual sediment transport.The results show that the distribution of runoff and sediment transport volume is uneven throughout the year.The runoff and sediment transport volume of Qianjiang station are significantly decreasing.The annual runoff volume of other stations is increasing,and the annual sediment transport volume is significantly changing decline.The runoff at Qianjiang station changs abruptly in 2002.The annual sediment transport volumes in Qianjiang,Dahuangjiang Estuary,Wuzhou and Gaoyao stations have significant mutations in 1991,1997,1994,and 1999 respectively.The annual runoff variation trend shows slight fluctuations,the annual variation range is small,and the annual sediment transport volume shows a downward trend.