The filling and emptying system with chamber floor’s long culvert and lateral orifice is one of the typical dispersed filling and emptying systems.They are widely applied in the medium and high water head ship lock engineering.In the process of its design and construction,the pores’ layout,open ditch energy dissipation,in-chamber ship’s mooring forces and cavitation of valves are the key hydrodynamic problems,which directly affect the work efficiency of the filling and emptying system and the berthing conditions .Nowadays,fruitful achievements have been already made.Whereas,there are many difficult problems to study.Based on a large amount of research data at home and abroad,we study the filling and emptying system with chamber floor’s long culvert and lateral orifice from the above aspects.Moreover,we set four key problems to be researched in the next stage,hoping to provide reference for further research in this field.