Based on the Rouse formula, the suspended sediment characteristics of vertical distribution is studied and analyzed by data measured and collected in the Yangtze estuary, and the applicability of the formula Rouse is verified. The difference between the settling velocity of sediment calculated by Rouse formula and the actual sediment settling velocity is clarified. Using the sediment vertical distribution of measured data in the north channel, the relationship of the unbalanced empirical formula of sediment coefficient and vertical average sediment concentration is established, based on which, an empirical formula of vertical distribution of suspended sediment is established and verified by measured data.