Based on the contrast analysis through the flume model tests for the damaging process of different types of spur dikes, the length of spur dike and the pick angle of dike, we discover the temporal characteristics of scour pit depth, observe riverbed erosion topographic effects in different types of spur dikes, based on which, we compare and analyze the test data of different dam types, propose a new dam body cross-sectional structure with better stability, and probe into the mechanism of river bed scouring and dike’s water damage under different dike lengths and pick angles.