To further develop the navigation aid deployment plan and navigation route and method for key sections of the downstream of the Yangtze River，and improve the navigation environment，we explore a method to optimize the virtual navigation aid deployment by automatic identification system (AIS) based on big data analysis，and take the port side channel，deep-water composite channel and “last kilometer” channel from main channel to port as examples to conduct application analysis.The results show that based on the electronic nautical chart，the methods of ship trajectory playback，collision risk analysis，ship trajectory line analysis，channel gate line analysis and distance analysis between ship and buoy for ship traffic flow can effectively find the weak position of the navigation aid deployment scheme by visual means，and provide strong data support for the deployment and optimization of the virtual navigation aid by AIS.