Based on the requirements of building a national high-grade waterway system, the characteristics of the current situation of China navigation structures are systematically sorted out. To evaluate the adaptability of the current situation of national high-grade waterway navigation structures in China main trunk streams, tributaries and the Yangtze River Delta, this paper proposes to take the proportion of hydro-junctions which can pass ships of more than 1, 000-ton and the average utilization rate of passing capacity of navigation structures as the main indicators, and take the average annual navigation hours, the proportion of double-track navigation structures, and average waiting time of ships as reference indicators. The analysis shows that navigable structures of the national high-grade waterways have been greatly improved, but there are still problems such as lagging construction, insufficient capacity of main stream locks, low navigation grades of tributary locks, and generally low service levels. It is recommended to speed up the pace of construction in 14th Five-Year Plan, and in the long run, in order to ensure the capacity, service level and reliability of the national high-grade waterways, in principle, each hydro-junctions should reserve double-track navigation structures according to the standard of 1，000-ton and above.