In view of the problem that the calculated wave load exceeds that stipulated in the codes caused by the continuous enlargement of the prefabricated elliptical caisson，we carry out a research on the equivalent simplification of the circular pier column for the design of the elliptical caisson structure. Comparing the code calculation results of the circular pier column and the physical model test value of the total horizontal wave force and the wave pressure on the elliptical caisson，we can judge the rationality of the structure simplification and then choose a reasonable design value of the wave pressure on the exterior wall. Comparing and verifying the calculation results based on relevant codes with those by finite element software，we obtain the accurate calculation results of the internal forces caused by waves on the exterior wall of the elliptical caisson，which may serve as reference for similar engineering designs.