大尺度散粒体周围水流的紊动特性*
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51509026);重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究项目(cstc2017jcyjAX0278)


Turbulent characteristics of open channel flow around large scale granular mixtures
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    摘要:

    为探讨大尺度散粒体周围水流的紊动特性,采用高度Δ=5 cm的正方体、球体和四面体概化河床孤礁形态,基于声学多普勒测速仪测量明渠紊流的6组数据,研究脉动流速的统计特性以及紊动强度、雷诺应力和紊动能的分布特征。结果表明:大尺度散粒体周围水流脉动流速的统计参数与散粒体形态密切相关;标准差σ+u、峰度Ku的垂线分布较为均匀,σ+u沿程分布呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,散粒体上、下游各断面中垂线上的Ku总体大于3,多呈高狭峰,散粒体上游偏度Sk基本为负,下游Sk随水深的增大由正逐渐变为负;3种散粒体周围水流的纵向紊动强度T+u的垂线分布较为均匀,沿程各断面的Tu+随弗劳德数Fr的增大而增大;正方体的T+u总体最大,球体T+u次之,四面体T+u最小;3种散粒体周围水流的雷诺应力R+的垂线分布从近水面到槽底呈逐渐增大的趋势,紊动能E+的垂线分布呈两端小、中间大的趋势;R+、E+在散粒体下游2Δ附近有最大值;大尺度散粒体的阻水面积与其对下游水流的影响强度及范围呈正相关。

    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the turbulence characteristics of the flow around large scale granular mixtures,we apply a cube,a sphere and a tetrahedron with the same height of Δ=5 cm to generalize the reef shape in gravel-bed rivers respectively,and study the statistical characteristics of fluctuating velocity,and the turbulence parameters such as turbulence intensity,Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy based on 6 sets of data measured by acoustic doppler velocimeters in an uniform turbulent open-channel flow.The results show that the statistical parameters of fluctuating velocity are closely related to the shape of large scale granular mixtures,the vertical distributions of standard deviation σ+u and kurtosis Ku are more uniform,the longitudinal distribution of σ+u increases first and then decreases,and kurtosises on the vertical line at upstream and downstream sections are larger than 3,most of which present a high narrow peak.The skewness Sk at upstream section is basically negative,while Sk at downstream sections gradually becomes negative with the increase of water depth.The vertical distributions of longitudinal turbulence intensity T+u around the 3 kinds of large scale granular mixtures are more uniform and T+u along the longitudinal sections increases with the increase of Froude number Fr.T+u of the cube is the largest,T+u of the sphere is the second,and T+u of the tetrahedron is the smallest.The vertical distributions of Reynolds stress R+ around the 3 kinds of large scale granular mixtures increase gradually from the free surface to the bed.The vertical distributions of turbulent kinetic energy E+ around the 3 kinds of large scale granular mixtures are small at both ends and large in the middle.R+ and E+ have the maximum value near the 2Δ section of the downstream.The hindrance area of large scale granular mixtures is positively correlated with the intensity and extent of its influence on the downstream flow.

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张建梅,钟 亮,韩正国,等.大尺度散粒体周围水流的紊动特性*[J].水运工程,2019(2):1-9.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-01-30
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