Waterway maintenance is an efficient way to advance the ability of navigations. The paper builds the evaluation system for provincial inland waterway maintenance of each province, through analyzing the present situation of inland waterway maintenance, and then gets the factor scores and comprehensive ranking of the provincial inland waterways maintenance status by quantitative analysis on the evaluation index. Indicators with strong correlation and large numbers could be reduced by factor analysis, which makes the evaluation result more reasonable and effective, and gets the overall actual evaluation on the channel maintenance level of the region by comparing and analyzing the score of each factor. The evaluation results can reflect the provincial inland waterway maintenance status of each province and provides a basis for the decision-making for each city’s waterway management.