In order to grasp the real working condition of existing pier structures, we need to carry out detection and evaluation on the safety, durability and usability of the structure. Based on the Detection and Assessment of Harbor and Marine Structures promulgated and the Guide of Port Wharf Structure Safety Detection and Assessment by the Ministry of Reansport, through reinforced concrete structures detection and assessment of one high-piled wharf in South China, we provide specific technical explanations to the contents, methods and principle procedures of the detection and assessment, the results of which may serve as reference for similar detection and assessment of harbor and marine structures promulgated.