Aiming at the problems of insufficient width of the approach channel,complex water flow conditions in curved sections,and high local flow velocity at the discharge outlet of the Weituo Ship Lock reconstruction and expansion due to spatial limitations,an optimization study on the hydraulic characteristics of the ship lock water conveyance system is carried out.By establishing a hydraulic physical model with a scale of 130,the applicability of the dispersed water supply system for the side support holes of the gate wall corridor is systematically evaluated,and key improvement measures are proposed.The results show that the operation method of advancing the water head by 0.5 m and closing the valve for 2 min can effectively improve the problem of inertia induced high drop in the water level of the gate chamber.The adjustment of the width of the energy dissipation open ditch has limited effect on improving the berthing conditions of ships,but it cannot be completely eliminated.Optimizing the outlet into a “combined top and side outflow” grid type energy dissipation chamber structure significantly improves the uniformity of discharge in the gate chamber.The layout of the filling and emptying system is reasonable,and the optimization measures effectively improve the hydraulic performance of the ship lock under complex boundary conditions in the lower approach channel.The research results provide reference solutions and technical basis for the design of ship lock projects that are similar to those constrained by space.